Caroline Jacob

Caroline Jacob (18 January 1861 – 4 November 1940) was a South Australian schoolmistress, remembered in connection with Tormore House School and Unley Park School.

History

Caroline was born at "Woodlands" near Sevenhill and Penwortham, South Australia, the sixth child and third daughter of John Jacob (1816–1910) and his wife Mary Jacob, née Cowles, (c. 1819–1894). In 1869 the family moved to Mount Gambier, where her father had, controversially,[1] been appointed Clerk of Court. In 1873 her mother re-opened Winnold House school, near Christ Church, Mount Gambier, which had until a few years previous been operated by the Misses or a Miss Fickling. It also served as their home.[2] In 1878 the school was renamed Winnold House Ladies' College; its last year of advertised operation was 1886. Caroline, who had previously been home-educated, was at some stage enrolled at Winnold. She passed her first class certificate (later termed Intermediate) in May 1877, entered teachers training college 1879 and was appointed third assistant teacher at Port Adelaide in 1883, completed her second class (Leaving) that same year and was awarded her teachers certificate 1884. She studied physiology as a non-graduating student at the University in 1885 and won an Elder Prize for the subject.[3] She had taught at Winnold for a few years.

Caroline was appointed to the Advanced School for Girls in 1885,[4] and resigned 1897 to take over Tormore House School in Buxton Street, North Adelaide, from the Misses McMinn, Martha, Sallie and Lizzie. During the following year she had a new building constructed in Childers Street, followed by a home for boarders next door. Her sister Ann served as manager from c. 1900.[5]

John Jacob lost his position in 1888 after 20 years' service; no reason was given and his valedictory in the Border Watch while describing him as "urbane and straightforward" fell far short of describing him as genial or sociable.[6] His promised long service leave had without explanation been cut in half by the Government. He and Caroline had also served the (Anglican) Christ Church Sunday school for much of this time.[7] After John Jacob's retirement he moved in with his daughter in Childers Street, North Adelaide.[8]

In December 1906 she took over Ellen Thornber's school at Unley Park, which she kept running as a separate entity for four or five years, closing in 1911.[9] Around the time of The Great War interest in private girls' schools declined, and Caroline wound down her schools, closing first Unley Park then Tormore (which became the "Andover" block of flats), and opening a smaller campus on Barton Terrace, North Adelaide.[10] By December 1920 it was closed. Caroline occupied one of the "Andover" flats.[11]

Other interests

Caroline followed her family's dedication to the Anglican Church. In 1913 she was appointed to the board of Adelaide Diocesan Missionary Association.[12]

She worked for the Collegiate Schools Association.[13]

She founded the Headmistresses' Union, was active in the Kindergarten Union and its Training College, and was a member of the South Australian Advisory Council on Education.[4]

Family

John Jacob (30 July 1816 – 28 August 1910) was born in Andover, Hampshire, and left for Australia on the barque Juliet around July 1837, arriving at Launceston in November and arriving in South Australia on the William in January 1838.[14] In 1839 he drove cattle overland from Sydney to McLaren Vale where he established a station. He helped establish his brother's cattle run "Moorooroo" on Jacob's Creek (named for William),[15] between the Lyndoch Valley and Tanunda,[8] and settled at "Woodlands", near Penwortham. He was a friend of explorer John Ainsworth Horrocks (1818–1846), the town's founder; his sister Ann Jacob (c. 1824 – 12 January 1874) married Arthur Horrocks ( – 1872), brother of the explorer. He and William took out a lease of 528 square miles (137,000 ha) at Paralana, near Arkaroola in the north of the Colony, but their stock was mostly wiped out by drought in the mid-1960s and he returned to the Barossa and for a time worked as a land agent in Mintaro. William developed "Moorooroo", growing wheat and planting grape vines.

John Jacob's brother William Jacob (c. 1815 – 14 July 1902) was an assistant surveyor to Col. William Light, arriving on the Rapid in 1836, and was later employed by Light's private company Light, Finniss & Co.[16] He married Mary Bagot in 1842; their son Ian Jacob was manager of Mintaro Slate Quarry; another son Ross Blyth Jacob, as served with distinction during World War I as Lt. Col., 10th Australian Infantry Battalion, 1st AIF.

In 1848 John Jacob married Mary Cowles (c. 1819 – 11 May 1894) at S. Mark's Anglican Church, Penwortham, the first such service in the town.[17] Their children included:

  • Lorna Gledstanes Jacob (4 December 1889 – 22 May 1973) married Ernest Montgomerie Martin A.M.I.E.E. (22 April 1878 – 30 April 1956) on 27 September 1913. Ernest was a son of Henry Maydwell Martin of H. M. Martin and Son fame and nephew of Anna Montgomerie Martin.
  • George Wollaston Jacob (1892 – 25 September 1917), killed in action in France.
  • John Gilbert Jacob (1896 – 7 July 1918), twice wounded then killed in action in France.
  • Denis Courtauld Jacob MM. (1897–) war hero, repatriated wounded, moved to Tasmania. Building Workers' Industrial Union official. Passport confiscated to prevent him attending conference in Moscow 1952. A policewoman was sacked shortly after attending one of his lectures.[19]

Sources

References

  1. ↑ "Mount Gambier Local Court Clerkship". The Border Watch. 8, (528). South Australia. 18 November 1868. p. 2. Retrieved 26 July 2016 – via National Library of Australia.
  2. ↑ In 1872 another "Winnold House" school was opened by the Misses Fickling at Port Elliot
  3. ↑ "University Commemoration". The South Australian Advertiser. XXVIII, (8476). 17 December 1885. p. 6. Retrieved 29 July 2016 – via National Library of Australia. Prize was shared that year. Not the first woman student at the University: Edith Dornwell graduated at the same ceremony, and had received the Elder Prize two years earlier.
  4. 1 2 Helen Jones, 'Jacob, Caroline (1861–1940)', Australian Dictionary of Biography, National Centre of Biography, Australian National University, http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/jacob-caroline-6816/text11795, published first in hardcopy 1983, accessed online 25 July 2016.
  5. ↑ "Personal". The Critic. XIV, (781). South Australia. 15 January 1913. p. 5. Retrieved 30 July 2016 – via National Library of Australia.
  6. ↑ "Mr. John Jacob". The Border Watch. XXV, (2517). South Australia. 4 January 1888. p. 2. Retrieved 29 July 2016 – via National Library of Australia.
  7. ↑ "Presentations to Mr. John Jacob". The Border Watch. XXVIII, (2562). South Australia. 9 June 1888. p. 2. Retrieved 29 July 2016 – via National Library of Australia.
  8. 1 2 "An Interesting Pioneer". The Register. LXVII, (17,296). South Australia. 21 April 1902. p. 6. Retrieved 27 July 2016 – via National Library of Australia.
  9. ↑ Barbara Wall A Short History of Stawell School: The forgotten school on Mount Lofty published for Mount Lofty Districts Historical Society by Peacock Publications 2012 ISBN 978--1-921601-69-9
  10. ↑ "Advertising". The Mail. 6, (306). South Australia. 23 March 1918. p. 8. Retrieved 31 July 2016 – via National Library of Australia.
  11. ↑ "Open Column". Northern Argus. LXII, (3,476). South Australia. 11 December 1931. p. 5. Retrieved 31 July 2016 – via National Library of Australia.
  12. ↑ "Mission Work". Daily Herald (Adelaide). 4, (1017). South Australia. 25 June 1913. p. 6. Retrieved 31 July 2016 – via National Library of Australia.
  13. ↑ "Collegiate Schools' Association". Evening Journal. XXIX, (8437). South Australia. 3 December 1897. p. 4. Retrieved 31 July 2016 – via National Library of Australia.
  14. ↑ "Pioneer Pastoralist". The Register. LXXV, (19,905). South Australia. 29 August 1910. p. 6. Retrieved 23 July 2016 – via National Library of Australia.
  15. ↑ "Manning Index of place names". State Library of South Australia. Archived from the original on 11 November 2014. Retrieved 27 July 2016.
  16. ↑ "A Link with the Past". Evening Journal. XXXV, (9835). South Australia. 15 July 1902. p. 2. Retrieved 27 July 2016 – via National Library of Australia.
  17. ↑ "100 Years of Penwortham.". Northern Argus. LXX, (3,776). South Australia. 10 November 1939. p. 7. Retrieved 26 July 2016 – via National Library of Australia.
  18. ↑ "The Jacobs of Woodlands". The Northern Argus. LXXIII, (3,746). South Australia. 28 August 1942. p. 1. Retrieved 23 July 2016 – via National Library of Australia.
  19. ↑ "J.B.M. home from tour". The Tribune (803). New South Wales, Australia. 29 July 1953. p. 2. Retrieved 26 July 2016 – via National Library of Australia.
  20. ↑ "Passing Of Noted S.A. Educationist". The Advertiser. South Australia. 12 November 1940. p. 5. Retrieved 10 July 2016 – via National Library of Australia.
  21. ↑ "Fifty Years a School Mistress". The Register. LXXXIX, (26,140). South Australia. 7 October 1924. p. 4. Retrieved 9 July 2016 – via National Library of Australia.
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