Carnival in the Dominican Republic
The Carnival in the Dominican Republic is a Dominican celebration that takes place throughout February; although some Dominicans (rarely) celebrate it during Holy Week in March. [1] Dominicans are usually most festive on February 27th, which is the Dominican Independence Day. In Santo Domingo, celebrations include a large military display with the Dominican air force, navy, and army. Festivities often include the wearing of colorful costumes that symbolize Dominican religious and traditional characters such as Calife, Guloya, and Diablo Cojuelo. Festivities take place all over the island, with each town adding its own twist to the celebration.
History
The Christian slave-owners who lived on the island would let their slaves have a celebration once a year so that they could get the "wild" out of their systems. The slave-owners considered this to be a "pagan" celebration, and therefore mixed Christian traditions into it and began to celebrate the event as well.
Evidence has been found in the ruins of La Vega Vieja (near the present day La Vega) showing that Carnival has been celebrated in the Dominican Republic since 1510. The celebration originally consisted of the residents of the island dressing themselves as Moors and Christians.
Though it is not known for certain, it is thought that the colony of Santo Domingo was the first place in the Americas to have a pre-Lenten costume. The celebration became a way to escape from the rigid religious traditions brought from the old world. By the late 1700s, the carnival had become a major celebration in the colony. Then on February 27, 1844, when the Dominican Republic won its independence from Haiti, the celebration grew even greater in popularity, as the country's Independence Day celebrations were combined into the pre-existing carnival celebrations.
Symbols
The celebration is symbolized by an "upside-down Chicken", and its main character is the "Diablo Cojuelo" (Limping Devil).
Characters
While there are many characters in the various versions of the carnival across the island, there are several prominent ones featured in most celebrations:
- Diablo Cojuelo (Limping Devil): is the main character of the carnival. A tale on the island says that this devil was banished to earth because of his childish pranks. When he hit the earth he hurt his leg, causing him to limp. While most of the communities across the island represent this character in different ways, several common practices are the use of a mask, a satanic suit, sleigh bells, and a whip or "Vejiga" (an animal bladder filled with air) to hit people in the streets (other "Diablos"). A Dominican tale claims that the mask is meant to represent the Spaniards who came to the island and enslaved and whipped the natives.
- Roba la Gallina (Steal the Chicken): is an festivity that satires the fact that some people used to steal chickens from farms. This often consists of a man dressing up as a woman who just stole a chicken. This character often carries a large purse with candy inside for the crowd and is meant to be one of the more comical characters.
- La Ciguapa: is a female character who comes out at night. She is naked with very long black hair, and her feet are backwards. She enchants the men she comes across.
- Los Indios (The Indians): are a group of men and women dressed in the typical native Taino Indian attire. They travel together representing Dominican origins.
Celebration
There are many ways in which the carnival is celebrated, although most celebrations have several similarities:
- They are held primarily on the main streets of the town or city.
- People gather in the streets to watch parades.
- Most of the disguised people carry a "Vejiga" or whip to hit people.
- Typical music such as merengue and bachata is played throughout the celebration to add some excitement to it.
- People wear colorful masks to represent religious figures.
Main parades
There are some Dominican cities that hold major parades such as:
- La Vega: Holds one of the biggest parades in the Dominican Republic with more than 20 different groups, each one with a different costume. This parade attracts people from all over the country and tourists from around the world.
- Santo Domingo: Holds the "National Parade", which is the biggest parade in the country and gathers many groups and characters from all over the country.
- Monte Cristi: Holds a very peculiar parade, showcasing two groups: "Los Toro", dressed in costumes and a pig mask, and "Los Civiles," dressed in casual clothes. These two groups carry whips and use them to fight each other in the main streets of the town.
References
- ↑ Janette Keys. "Carnaval Dominicano/ Dominican Republic Carnival Origin". Colonialzone-dr.com. Retrieved 2016-02-12.
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