Grand Slam (tennis)

Tennis
Location of the four major tennis championships

The Grand Slam tournaments, also called majors, are the four most-important annual tennis events. They offer the most ranking points,[1] prize money, public and media attention, the greatest strength and size of field, and greater number of "best of" sets for men. The Grand Slam itinerary consists of the Australian Open in mid January, the French Open in May and June, Wimbledon in July, and the US Open in August and September. Each tournament is played over a period of two weeks. The Australian and United States tournaments are played on hard courts,[lower-alpha 1] the French on clay, and Wimbledon on grass. Wimbledon is the oldest, founded in 1877, followed by the US in 1881, the French in 1891, and the Australian in 1905. However, of these four, only Wimbledon was a major before 1924–25, the time when all four became designated Grand Slam tournaments. Skipping Grand Slam tournaments—especially the Australian Open because of the remoteness, the inconvenient dates (around Christmas and New Year's Day) and the low prize money—was not unusual before 1982, which was the start of the norm of counting Grand Slam titles.

Grand Slam tournaments are not operated by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) or the Women's Tennis Association (WTA), which were formally founded in 1972 and 1973 respectively, though the ATP and WTA do award ranking points based on a player's performance at a major.[2][3]

The term Grand Slam, without qualification, and also originally, refers to the achievement of winning all four major championships within a single calendar year within one of the five events: men's and women's singles; men's, women's, and mixed doubles. In doubles, one team may accomplish a Grand Slam playing together or one player may achieve it with different partners.[4][5][6]

Winning the four majors in consecutive tournaments but not in the same year is known as a Non-Calendar Year Grand Slam, while winning all four majors at any point during the course of a career is known as a Career Grand Slam. Winning the gold medal at the Summer Olympic Games in addition to the four majors in one calendar year is known as a "Golden Grand Slam" or more commonly the "Golden Slam". Also, winning the Year-End Championship (known as ATP Finals for men's singles and doubles disciplines, and WTA Finals for both women's disciplines) in the same period is known as a "Super Slam". Together, all four Majors in all three disciplines (singles, doubles, and mixed doubles) are called a "boxed set" of Grand Slam titles. No male or female player has won all twelve events in one calendar year, although a "career boxed set" has been achieved by three female players.

Origin of the term "Grand Slam"

The term Glossary of contract bridge terms slam for winning all of the tricks in the whist family card games (see also whist terms) is attested from early in the 17th century. Grand slam for all of the tricks, in contrast to small slam or little slam for all but one, dates from early in the 19th century.[7] This use was inherited by contract bridge, a modern development of whist defined in 1925 that became very popular in Britain and America by 1930.

Grand slam has been used in golf since 1930, when Bobby Jones won the four major championships, two British and two American tournaments. Although John F. Kieran of The New York Times is widely credited with first applying the term "grand slam" to tennis to describe the winning of all four major tennis tournaments in a calendar year,[8] sports columnist Alan Gould had used the term in that connection almost two months before Kieran.[9]

History

The possibility of being the reigning champion of all the current four Majors did not exist until 1924–25, when the International Lawn Tennis Federation designated the Australasian, French (before 1925 only open to members of French tennis clubs), British and American championship tournaments as the four Majors. Before that time only three events: Wimbledon, the World Hard Court Championships (held in Paris & once in Brussels) and the World Covered Court Championships (held in various locations) were considered the premier international tennis events by the ILTF.[10][11] Tony Wilding of New Zealand won all three of those earlier majors in one year: 1913. It has been possible to complete a Grand Slam in most years and most disciplines since 1925. It was not possible from 1940 to 1945 because of interruptions at Wimbledon, the Australian and French opens due to the Second World War, the years from 1970 to 1985 when there was no Australian tournament in mixed doubles, and 1986 when there was no Australian Open at all.

Phil Dent has pointed out that skipping Grand Slam tournaments—especially the Australian Open—was not unusual then, before counting major titles became the norm.[12] Thus, many players had never played the Austral(as)ian amateur or open championships: the Doherty brothers, William Larned, Maurice McLoughlin, Beals Wright, Bill Johnston, Bill Tilden, René Lacoste, Henri Cochet, Bobby Riggs, Jack Kramer, Ted Schroeder, Pancho Gonzales, Budge Patty, Manuel Santana, Jan Kodeš and others, while Brookes, Ellsworth Vines, Jaroslav Drobný, Manuel Orantes, Ilie Năstase (at 35 years old) and Björn Borg came just once. Beginning in 1969, when the first Australian Open was held on the Milton Courts at Brisbane, the tournament was open to all players, including professionals, who at that point were prohibited from playing the traditional circuit.[13] Nevertheless, except for the 1969 and 1971 tournaments, many of the best players missed this championship until 1982, because of the remoteness, the inconvenient dates (around Christmas and New Year's Day) and the low prize money. In 1970, George MacCall's National Tennis League, which employed Rod Laver, Ken Rosewall, Andrés Gimeno, Pancho Gonzales, Roy Emerson and Fred Stolle, prevented its players from entering the tournament because the guarantees were insufficient. The tournament was won by Arthur Ashe.[14]

In terms of the current four majors, the first to win all four in a single year was Don Budge, who completed the feat in 1938. To date, 17 players have completed a Grand Slam, though only six in the most prestigious singles titles. Of these players, three have won multiple Grand Slams: Rod Laver accomplished the feat twice in men's singles; Margaret Court accomplished the feat three times, in two different disciplines – once in women's singles and twice in mixed doubles; and Esther Vergeer completed a grand slam twice in Women's wheelchair doubles.

The four Junior disciplines, boys' and girls' singles and doubles, provide limited opportunities to achieve a Grand Slam. Players are only eligible from age 13 to 18, with 18-year-olds likely to hold a physical advantage. Only Stefan Edberg has completed the Grand Slam in a Junior discipline.

Tournament details

Event Dates Venue Current champion(s)
Men's Singles Women's Singles Men's Doubles Women's Doubles Mixed Doubles
Australian Open Last fortnight of January Melbourne Park, Melbourne Switzerland Roger Federer United States Serena Williams Finland Henri Kontinen
Australia John Peers
United States Bethanie Mattek-Sands
Czech Republic Lucie Šafářová
United States Abigail Spears
Colombia Juan Sebastián Cabal
French Open Fortnight of late May / early June Stade Roland Garros, Paris Spain Rafael Nadal Latvia Jeļena Ostapenko United States Ryan Harrison
New Zealand Michael Venus
United States Bethanie Mattek-Sands
Czech Republic Lucie Šafářová
Canada Gabriela Dabrowski
India Rohan Bopanna
Wimbledon Championships Fortnight of late June / early July All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club, London Switzerland Roger Federer Spain Garbiñe Muguruza Brazil Marcelo Melo
Poland Łukasz Kubot
Russia Ekaterina Makarova
Russia Elena Vesnina
Switzerland Martina Hingis
United Kingdom Jamie Murray
US Open Fortnight of late August / early September USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center, New York City Switzerland Stan Wawrinka Germany Angelique Kerber United Kingdom Jamie Murray
Brazil Bruno Soares
United States Bethanie Mattek-Sands
Czech Republic Lucie Šafářová
Germany Laura Siegemund
Croatia Mate Pavić

Winners

Grand Slam champions

Players who completed the Grand Slam

Chronological

# Year Player Discipline Notes
1 1938United States Don BudgeMen's singlesPart of a total of 6 consecutive titles
2 1951Australia Ken McGregor
Australia Frank Sedgman
Men's doublesPart of a total of 7 consecutive titles (8 consecutive for Sedgman)
3 1953United States Maureen ConnollyWomen's singlesPart of 6 consecutive titles
4 1960Brazil Maria BuenoWomen's doublesWith United Kingdom Christine Truman and United States Darlene Hard
5 1962Australia Rod LaverMen's singles
6 1963Australia Margaret Court
Australia Ken Fletcher
Mixed doublesPart of consecutive titles (Court 7, Fletcher 6)
7 1965Australia Margaret CourtMixed doublesWith Australia John Newcombe, Australia Ken Fletcher and Australia Fred Stolle – part of 5 consecutive titles
8 1967Australia Owen DavidsonMixed doublesWith Australia Lesley Turner and United States Billie Jean King
9 1969Australia Rod LaverMen's singlesOnly player to complete the singles' Grand Slam twice
10 1970Australia Margaret CourtWomen's singlesSix consecutive titles
11 1983Sweden Stefan Edberg (in junior tennis)Boys' singlesOnly Junior to complete a Grand Slam
12 1984United States Martina Navratilova
United States Pam Shriver
Women's doublesEight consecutive titles
13 1988West Germany Steffi GrafWomen's singlesFive consecutive titles
14 1998Switzerland Martina HingisWomen's doublesWith Croatia Mirjana Lučić and Czech Republic Jana Novotná
15 2009Netherlands Esther Vergeer
Netherlands Korie Homan
Women's wheelchair doublesPart of 14 consecutive titles for Vergeer
16 2011Netherlands Esther Vergeer
Netherlands Sharon Walraven
Women's wheelchair doublesPart of consecutive titles (Vergeer 8, Walraven 7)
17 2013Netherlands Aniek van Koot
Netherlands Jiske Griffioen
Women's wheelchair doubles
18 2014France Stéphane Houdet Men's wheelchair doublesWith France Joachim Gérard and Japan Shingo Kunieda
19 2014Japan Yui Kamiji
United Kingdom Jordanne Whiley
Women's wheelchair doubles Part of 5 consecutive titles

Per player

PlayerGrand Slams
SinglesDoublesMixedTotal
Australia Margaret Court
1
2
3
Australia Rod Laver
2
2
Netherlands Esther Vergeer (wheelchair tennis)
2
United States Don Budge
1
1
Australia Ken McGregor
1
Australia Frank Sedgman
1
United States Maureen Connolly
1
Brazil Maria Bueno
1
Australia Ken Fletcher
1
Australia Owen Davidson
1
Sweden Stefan Edberg (junior tennis)
1
United States Martina Navratilova
1
United States Pam Shriver
1
Germany Steffi Graf
1
Switzerland Martina Hingis
1
Netherlands Korie Homan (wheelchair tennis)
1
Netherlands Sharon Walraven (wheelchair tennis)
1
Netherlands Aniek van Koot (wheelchair tennis)
1
Netherlands Jiske Griffioen (wheelchair tennis)
1
France Stéphane Houdet (wheelchair tennis)
1
Japan Yui Kamiji (wheelchair tennis)
1
United Kingdom Jordanne Whiley (wheelchair tennis)
1

Non-calendar year Grand Slam

Controversy over terminology

In 1982, the International Tennis Federation (ITF) began offering a $1 million bonus to any singles player to win four consecutive major titles, no matter the order of completion. Although groups variously identified as the Men's International Professional Tennis Council, "abetted primarily by some British tennis writers",[15] and "European tennis journalists"[16] had advocated for the ITF to change the definition of "Grand Slam", ITF General Secretary David Gray made it clear that this was not going to happen. In a 1983 letter to tennis journalist Paul Fein, Gray clarified:

There seems to be some confusion. The ITF's only initiative in this matter has been the organisation of the offer of a bonus of $1m. to any player who holds all four Grand Slam titles simultaneously [...] In spite of all that we have read on this matter, it has never been my Committee of Management's intention to alter the basis of the classic Grand Slam i.e., the capture of all four titles in a year.

The ITF's plan was to offer the cash bonus for three years, apparently to encourage players to compete in all four major tournaments as much as to reward success at them.[17]

Even before the ITF had announced their bonus, the Grand Slam controversy had taken on a life of its own. Writing in 1982, Neil Amdur claimed, "Now the sport spins nervously under the influence of big dollars and even bigger egos, and tradition has almost gone the way of white balls and long flannels [...] If the four major tournaments want to offer a $1 million incentive for any player in the future who can sweep their titles—and such talks have been rumored—that bonus would be a welcome addition. But changing what the Grand Slam is all about is like a baseball player believing that he 'hit for the cycle' after slugging a single, double and triple in the first game of a doubleheader and a home run in his first time at bat in the second game."[18] Despite seeming clarity from the ITF, some journalists suggested that the sport's organizing body had turned its back on history and changed the "rules" of tennis by redefining a Grand Slam. Such confusion continued for years. For instance, when Steffi Graf completed the Grand Slam in 1988, George Vecsey wrote, "Even the International Tennis Federation, which should have more respect for history, ruled in 1982 that winning any four straight majors constituted a Grand Slam—and offered a $1 million bonus for it [...] But many tennis people, and most writers, and probably most fans, too, did not accept the new rules, and the I.T.F. has dropped the gimmick."[19] Vecsey was only half right: the ITF dropped the "gimmick" of the cash bonus, but it had never changed any rules.

However, the ambiguous way the ITF described the Grand Slam in their Constitution led to journalists continuing to make the same assumption as Vecsey over two decades later. For instance, when Rafael Nadal was on the verge of completing a non-calendar year Grand Slam at the 2011 Australian Open, one writer observed, "Most traditionalists insist that the 'Grand Slam' should refer only to winning all four titles in a calendar year, although the constitution of the International Tennis Federation, the sports governing body, spells out that 'players who hold all four of these titles at the same time achieve the Grand Slam'."[20] This was true until later in 2011, when the ITF edited the description to eliminate all confusion. As it now stands, "The Grand Slam titles are the championships of Australia, France, the United States of America and Wimbledon. Players who hold all four of these titles in one calendar year achieve the 'Grand Slam'."[21]

When Martina Navratilova won the 1984 French Open and became the reigning champion of all four women's singles events, she was the first player to receive the bonus prize in recognition of her achievement. Some media outlets did, indeed, say that she had won a Grand Slam.[22] Others simply noted the ongoing controversy: "Whether the Slam was Grand or Bland or a commercial sham tainted with an asterisk the size of a tennis ball, Martina Navratilova finally did it."[23] Although the ITF recognizes what is now unofficially known as the "non-calendar year Grand Slam" on its Roll of Honour, no subsequent player to win four or more majors in a row—Steffi Graf, Serena Williams, or Novak Djokovic—has received bonus prize money.

Combining the Grand Slam and non-calendar year Grand Slam, the total number of times that players achieved the feat (of being the reigning champion in all four majors) expands to 18.

Achievements and near misses

Three women have won four or more consecutive major titles since 1970, with Navratilova taking six in a row in 1983–1984. On the men's side, Novak Djokovic was the first singles player since Rod Laver to hold all four major titles at once, which he accomplished between Wimbledon 2015 and the 2016 French Open. Prior to the Open Era, Don Budge received the same accolades in winning the French Championships in 1938, but then completed the more prestigious Grand Slam at the 1938 US Championships, giving him six majors in a row, the only male to ever win more than four consecutive major tournaments. The Bryan brothers (Bob and Mike) were the last to achieve a non-calendar year Grand Slam in men's doubles. Several players and teams came up one title short. Todd Woodbridge and Mark Woodforde, known collectively as The Woodies, reached the final of the 1997 French Open while holding all the other three titles, but lost to Yevgeny Kafelnikov and Daniel Vacek. In singles, Pete Sampras lost the 1994 French Open quarterfinal to fellow countryman Jim Courier, having won the previous three majors. Roger Federer in 2006 and 2007 and Novak Djokovic in 2012 repeated this, both ultimately losing the French Open final to Rafael Nadal. Nadal himself was prevented from achieving this feat by his countryman David Ferrer, who defeated him in the quarterfinal of the 2011 Australian Open, which Nadal entered holding the other three major titles. In women doubles, Martina Hingis and Sania Mirza had won three Majors from Wimbledon 2015 to 2016 Australian Open, but lost in the third round of 2016 French Open to Barbora Krejčíková and Kateřina Siniaková. In 2017 Bethanie Mattek-Sands and Lucie Šafářová had chance to win four consecutive titles at Wimbledon, but withdrew from their scheduled second round match following an acute knee injury suffered by Mattek-Sands in the second round of the Ladies' Singles competition.

This list is for those players who achieved a non-calendar Grand Slam, but who failed to win the Grand Slam during the same streak.

Note
  1. ^ From 1977 to 1985, the Australian Open was held in December as the last Major of the calendar year.

Career Grand Slam

The career achievement of all four major championships in one format is termed a Career Grand Slam in that format. Dozens of players have accomplished that (column two) and 17 have doubled it: won a second championship in each of the four majors in one format (column three). Two or more career championships in all four majors is sometimes called a "Multiple Slam Set". Three players have Multiple Slam Sets in two formats, one in three formats, so 22 players are counted in the table (column three). Their achievements are tabulated below.

Career Grand Slams by format
Format Numbers of players
Completed the Career GS Completed at least 2
Men's singles 8 players (2 Golden, 1 Super) 2 players
Women's singles 10 players (2 Golden, 2 Super) 5 players
Men's doubles 21 players (14 as teams) 5 players (2 as a team)
Women's doubles 21 players (10 as teams) 8 players (6 as teams)
Mixed doubles 17 players (7 as teams) 4 players (2 as teams)

Eight men and ten women have won Career Grand Slams in singles play (rows one and two); among them two men and five women have at least two Career Grand Slams in singles (column three). Since the beginning of the open era, five men and six women have achieved this (Rod Laver, Andre Agassi, Roger Federer, Rafael Nadal, Novak Djokovic; Margaret Court, Chris Evert, Martina Navratilova, Steffi Graf, Serena Williams and Maria Sharapova).

Several singles players have won three major championships without achieving the Career Grand Slam, grouped by the missing Grand Slam tournament:

Several doubles players have won three major championships without achieving the Career Grand Slam:

Only six players have completed a Career Grand Slam in both singles and doubles: one male (Roy Emerson) and five female (Margaret Court, Doris Hart, Shirley Fry Irvin, Martina Navratilova, and Serena Williams). Court, Hart and Navratilova are the only three players to have completed a "Career Boxed Set", winning all four titles in singles, doubles, and mixed doubles; this has never been done by a male player.

The remainder of this section is a complete list, by format, of all players who have won the Career Grand Slam. Players are ordered chronologically by their completion of the Slam.

Men's singles

Eight men have won all four grand slam tournaments. Two of the eight men achieved a double career Slam. Originally, the grand slams were held on grass (Australian, Wimbledon, and US Open) and clay (French) and the first four players achieved their grand slams on two surfaces. The US Open changed its surface from grass to clay in 1975 and then to hard court in 1978. The Australian Open changed from grass to hard court in 1988. The last four players (Agassi, Federer, Nadal, Djokovic) achieved their grand slam on three different surfaces: hard court, clay, and grass.

#PlayerAgeAustralian OpenFrench OpenWimbledonUS Open
1 United Kingdom Fred Perry261934193519341933
2 United States Don Budge231938193819371937
3 Australia Rod Laver241960196219611962
4 Australia Roy Emerson271961196319641961
5 United States Andre Agassi291995199919921994
6 Switzerland Roger Federer272004200920032004
7 Spain Rafael Nadal242009200520082010
8 Serbia Novak Djokovic292008201620112011

Women's singles

Each woman's "first wins" in the four Majors are listed chronologically and their ages upon completion of the Slam are given in brackets. Five of the ten women achieved at least two career Slams, two of the ten have achieved three careers slams and Steffi Graf is the only player to achieve four career Slams.

#PlayerAgeAustralian OpenFrench OpenWimbledonUS Open
1 United States Maureen Connolly181953195319521951
2 United States Doris Hart281949195019511954
3 United States Shirley Fry Irvin291957195119561956
4 Australia Margaret Court201960196219631962
5 United States Billie Jean King281968197219661967
6 United States Chris Evert271982197419741975
7 United States Martina Navratilova261981198219781983
8 Germany Steffi Graf191988198719881988
9 United States Serena Williams212003200220021999
10 Russia Maria Sharapova252008 2012 2004 2006
Note: From 1977 to 1985, the Australian Open was held in December as the last Major of the calendar year.

Men's doubles

At Men's Doubles, 21 players have won the career Slam including fourteen who "slammed" with a unique partner. The latter are listed first, as seven teams, ignoring any major wins with other partners. Five of the 21 men achieved at least a double career Slam at Men's Doubles, led by Roy Emerson and John Newcombe with triple Slams.

#PlayerAgeAustralian OpenFrench OpenWimbledonUS Open
1 Australia Adrian Quist261936193519351939
2 Australia Frank Sedgman241951195119481950
3 Australia Ken McGregor231951195119511951
4 Australia Lew Hoad211953195319531956
Australia Ken Rosewall221953195319561956
6 Australia Neale Fraser251957195819591957
7 Australia Roy Emerson251962196019591959
8 Australia John Newcombe231965196719651967
Australia Tony Roche241965196719651967
10 South Africa Bob Hewitt371963197219621977
11 Australia John Fitzgerald281982198619891984
Sweden Anders Järryd291987198319891987
13 Netherlands Jacco Eltingh281994199519981994
Netherlands Paul Haarhuis321994199519981994
15 Australia Todd Woodbridge291992200019931995
Australia Mark Woodforde341992200019931989
17 Sweden Jonas Björkman 32 1998200520022003
18 United States Bob Bryan 30 2006200320062005
United States Mike Bryan 30 2006200320062005
20 Canada Daniel Nestor 35 2002200720082004
21 India Leander Paes 38 2012199919992006
Note: From 1977 to 1985, the Australian Open was held in December as the last Major of the calendar year.

Women's doubles

At Women's Doubles, 21 players have won the career Slam including ten who "slammed" with a unique partner. Eight of the 22 achieved at least a double career Slam at Women's Doubles, led by Martina Navratilova with seven or more titles in each Major.

#PlayerAgeAustralian OpenFrench OpenWimbledonUS Open
1 United States Louise Brough Clapp271950194619461942
2 United States Doris Hart261949195119511951
3 United States Shirley Fry Irvin301957195019511951
4 Brazil Maria Bueno201960196019581960
5 Australia Margaret Court221961196419641963
Australia Lesley Turner Bowrey211964196419641961
7 Australia Judy Tegart Dalton321964196619691970
8 Czechoslovakia/United States Martina Navratilova231980197519761977
9 United States Kathy Jordan 211981198019801981
United States Anne Smith211981198019801981
11 United States Pam Shriver211982198419811983
12 Czechoslovakia Helena Suková251990199019871985
13 United States Gigi Fernández281993199119921988
Soviet Union/Belarus Natasha Zvereva211993198919911991
15 Czechoslovakia/Czech Republic Jana Novotná251990199019891994
16 Switzerland Martina Hingis171997199819961998
17 United States Serena Williams192001199920001999
United States Venus Williams202001199920001999
19 United States Lisa Raymond332000200620012001
20 Italy Sara Errani272013201220142012
Italy Roberta Vinci312013201220142012
Note: From 1977 to 1985, the Australian Open was held in December as the last Major of the calendar year.

Mixed doubles

At Mixed Doubles, a total of 17 players have won the career Slam, including seven who "slammed" as a pair (won all four with same partner)—an odd number because Margaret Court has accomplished a career Grand Slam separately with Ken Fletcher and Marty Riessen. The other four of the seven are Doris Hart, Frank Sedgman, Leander Paes, and Martina Hingis. Also three of the 15 players have accomplished multiple career Grand Slams in mixed doubles, led by Margaret Court's quadruple Slam.

#PlayerAgeAustralian OpenFrench OpenWimbledonUS Open
1 France Jean Borotra 291928192719251926
2 United States Doris Hart261949195119511951
Australia Frank Sedgman211949195119511951
4 Australia Margaret Court 201963196319631961
5 Australia Ken Fletcher 231963196319631963
6 Australia Owen Davidson 231965196719671966
7 United States Billie Jean King 241968196719671967
8 United States Marty Riessen 331969196919751969
9 Union of South Africa Bob Hewitt 391961197019771979
10 Australia Todd Woodbridge 241993199219941990
11 Australia Mark Woodforde 271992199519931992
12 Czechoslovakia/United States Martina Navratilova 462003197419851985
13 Slovakia Daniela Hantuchová 222002200520012005
14 India Mahesh Bhupathi 292006199720021999
15 Zimbabwe Cara Black 302010200220042008
16 India Leander Paes422003201619992008
Switzerland Martina Hingis352006201620152015

Boys' singles

Boys' doubles

Men's wheelchair doubles

#PlayerAgeAustralian OpenFrench OpenWimbledonUS Open
1  Kunieda, ShingoShingo Kunieda (JPN) 24 2007200820062007
2  Jeremiasz, MichaelMichael Jeremiasz (FRA) 32 2003200920092005
3  Houdet, StéphaneStéphane Houdet (FRA) 40 2010200720092009
4  Scheffers, MaikelMaikel Scheffers (NED) 28 2011200820112010
5  Peifer, NicolasNicolas Peifer (FRA) 25 2016201120152011
6  Reid, GordonGordon Reid (GBR) 25 2017201520162015

Women's wheelchair doubles

#PlayerAgeAustralian OpenFrench OpenWimbledonUS Open
1  Vergeer, EstherEsther Vergeer (NED) 27 2004200720092005
 Homan, KorieKorie Homan (NED) 29 2009200920092005
3  Walraven, SharonSharon Walraven (NED) 40 2011201020102010
4  Griffioen, JiskeJiske Griffioen (NED) 27 2006200820122006
5  van Koot, AniekAniek van Koot (NED) 23 2010201320122013
6  Kamiji, YuiYui Kamiji (JPN) 20 2014201420142014
 Whiley, JordanneJordanne Whiley (GRB) 22 2014201420142014

Most consecutive Grand Slam tournament titles

Men's singles

Women's singles

Note: From 1977 to 1985, the Australian Open was held in December as the last Major of the calendar year.

Men's doubles

Team:

Player:

Women's doubles

Team and Player:

Mixed doubles

Team:

Player:

Men's wheelchair singles

Women's wheelchair singles

Men's wheelchair doubles

Player:

Women's wheelchair doubles

Team:

Player:

Most consecutive Grand Slam singles finals

Men

Rank Player Cons.
finals
From To
1 Switzerland Roger Federer 10 2005 Wimbledon Championships 2007 US Open
2 Switzerland Roger Federer 8 2008 French Open 2010 Australian Open
3 Australia Jack Crawford 7 1933 Australian Championships 1934 Wimbledon Championships
4 United States Don Budge 6 1937 Wimbledon Championships 1938 U.S. Championships
= Australia Rod Laver 6 1961 Wimbledon Championships 1962 U.S. Championships
= Serbia Novak Djokovic 6 2015 Australian Open 2016 French Open
7 United Kingdom Fred Perry 5 1934 Wimbledon Championships 1935 Wimbledon Championships
= Australia Frank Sedgman 5 1951 U.S. Championships 1952 U.S. Championships
= Australia Fred Stolle 5 1964 Wimbledon Championships 1965 Wimbledon Championships
= Spain Rafael Nadal 5 2011 French Open 2012 French Open

Women

Rank Player Cons.
finals
From To
1 Germany Steffi Graf 13 1987 French Open 1990 French Open
2 United States Martina Navratilova 11 1985 French Open 1987 US Open
3 United States Maureen Connolly 6 1952 Wimbledon Championships 1953 US Championships
= Australia Margaret Court 6 1969 US Open 1971 Australian Open
= United States Martina Navratilova 6 1983 Wimbledon Championships 1984 US Open
= United States Chris Evert 6 1984 French Open 1985 Wimbledon Championships
= Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia/Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Monica Seles 6 1991 US Open 1993 Australian Open
8 Australia Margaret Court 5 1963 Wimbledon Championships 1964 Wimbledon Championships
= Australia Margaret Court 5 1965 Australian Championships 1966 Australian Championships
= Germany Steffi Graf 5 1993 Australian Open 1994 Australian Open
= Switzerland Martina Hingis 5 1997 Australian Open 1998 Australian Open

Most Grand Slam singles titles without a loss

Helen Wills Moody won all 16 of the Grand Slam singles tournaments she played beginning with the 1924 U.S. Championships and extending to the 1933 Wimbledon Championships (not counting her defaults in the 1926 French and Wimbledon Championships). During this period, she won 6 Wimbledons, 4 French Championships, and 6 U.S. Championships. She also won the 1924 Summer Olympics during this period. Moody never entered the Australian Championships.

Most Grand Slam mixed doubles titles without a loss

Doris Hart won all 13 of the Grand Slam mixed doubles tournaments she played beginning with the 1951 French Championships and extending to the 1955 U.S. Championships. During this period, she won 5 Wimbledons, 3 French Championships, and 5 U.S. Championships.

Golden Slam

Tennis was an Olympic sport from the inaugural 1896 Summer Olympics through the 1924 Games, then was dropped for the next 64 years (except as a demonstration sport in 1968 and 1984) before returning in 1988. As there were only three Major championships designated by the International Lawn Tennis Federation before 1925, none of the tennis players who participated in the Olympics between 1896 and 1924 had a chance to complete a Golden Grand Slam. However although it didn't occur, there was a possibility to complete a Career Golden Grand Slam by winning the 1920 Olympics or 1924 Olympics plus each of the four grand slams, all of which were present from 1925 onwards. The term Golden Slam (initially "Golden Grand Slam") was coined in 1988.[24]

Only one player has completed the Golden Slam:[25][26]

Germany Steffi Graf (1988 Australian Open, 1988 French Open, 1988 Wimbledon Championships, 1988 US Open, and 1988 Olympic gold medal)

Non-calendar year Golden Slam

Winning four consecutive Grand Slam tournaments and Olympic event in the period of twelve months, although not in the same year, is called a "Non-calendar year Golden Slam".[27] Only Bob and Mike Bryan have achieved this by winning the 2012 Olympics, 2012 US Open, 2013 Australian Open, 2013 French Open and 2013 Wimbledon Championships. After they won the final at Wimbledon, this was coined the "Golden Bryan Slam".[28]

Career Golden Slam

A player who wins all four Grand Slam tournaments and the Olympic gold medal during his or her career is said to have achieved a Career Golden Slam. Serena Williams is the only player to have achieved a Career Golden Slam in both singles and doubles.[29]

#PlayerDisciplineAustralian OpenFrench OpenWimbledonUS OpenOlympics
1 United States Pam ShriverWomen's doubles19821984198119831988
2 Germany Steffi GrafWomen's singles19881987198819881988
3 United States Gigi FernándezWomen's doubles19931991199219881992
4 United States Andre AgassiMen's singles19951999199219941996
5 Australia Todd WoodbridgeMen's doubles19922000199319921996
Australia Mark WoodfordeMen's doubles19922000199319921996
7 United States Serena WilliamsWomen's doubles20011999200019992000
United States Venus WilliamsWomen's doubles20011999200019992000
9 Japan Shingo KuniedaMen's wheelchair doubles20092008200620072004
10 Netherlands Korie HomanWomen's wheelchair doubles20092009200920052008
11 Netherlands Esther VergeerWomen's wheelchair doubles20042007200920052000
12 Canada Daniel NestorMen's doubles20022007200920042000
13 France Michaël JeremiaszMen's wheelchair doubles20032009200920052008
14 France Stéphane HoudetMen's wheelchair doubles20102007200920092008
15 Spain Rafael NadalMen's singles20092005200820102008
16 Netherlands Sharon WalravenWomen's wheelchair doubles20112011201020102008
17 United States Bob BryanMen's doubles20062003200620052012
United States Mike BryanMen's doubles20062003200620052012
19 United States Serena WilliamsWomen's singles20032002200219992012
20 Netherlands Aniek van KootWomen's wheelchair doubles20102013201220132016
Netherlands Jiske GriffioenWomen's wheelchair doubles20062008201220062016
22 France Nicolas PeiferMen's wheelchair doubles20162011201520112016

Super Slam

Soon after the Open Era began in 1968, the new professional tours each held a year-end championship (YEC), which are elite tournaments involving only the top performers of the given season. The subsequent return of tennis to the Olympics in 1988 gave rise to the notion of a Super Slam as a combination of Golden Slam and YEC title.[30][31][32] Eligible YECs are currently called the ATP Finals for men, WTA Finals for women, and the Wheelchair Tennis Masters.

No player has ever completed the Super Slam in a single season.

Non-calendar year Super Slam

Only one player has completed the Super Slam in a period of twelve months:

Germany Steffi Graf (1987 Virginia Slims Championships, 1988 Australian Open, 1988 French Open, 1988 Wimbledon Championships, 1988 US Open and 1988 Olympic gold medal)

Career Super Slam

#PlayerDisciplineAustralian OpenFrench OpenWimbledonUS OpenOlympicsYear-end
1 United States Pam ShriverWomen's doubles198219841981198319881981
2 Germany Steffi GrafWomen's singles198819871988198819881987
3 United States Gigi FernándezWomen's doubles199319911992198819921993
4 United States Andre AgassiMen's singles199519991992199419961990
5 Australia Todd WoodbridgeMen's doubles199220001993199219961992
Australia Mark WoodfordeMen's doubles199220001993199219961992
7 Netherlands Esther VergeerWomen's wheelchair doubles200420072009200520002001
8 Netherlands Korie HomanWomen's wheelchair doubles200920092009200520082004
9 Canada Daniel NestorMen's doubles200220072009200420002007
10 France Michaël JeremiaszMen's wheelchair doubles200320092009200520082008
11 France Stéphane HoudetMen's wheelchair doubles201020072009200920082006
12 Netherlands Sharon WalravenWomen's wheelchair doubles201120112010201020082010
13 United States Bob BryanMen's doubles200620032006200520122003
United States Mike BryanMen's doubles200620032006200520122003
15 United States Serena WilliamsWomen's singles200320022002199920122001
16 Japan Shingo KuniedaMen's wheelchair doubles200920082006200720042012
17 Netherlands Aniek van KootWomen's wheelchair doubles201020132012201320162012
Netherlands Jiske GriffioenWomen's wheelchair doubles200620082012200620162004
19 France Nicolas PeiferMen's wheelchair doubles201620112015201120162016

Three Major tournament titles in a year

Players who have won three of the four Grand Slam tournaments in the same year. Jack Crawford, Lew Hoad, Martina Navratilova and Serena Williams won the first three events, but lost the last grand slam tournament.[lower-alpha 2] Crawford, an asthmatic, won two of the first three sets of the 1933 U.S. Championships final against Fred Perry, then tired in the heat and lost the last two sets and the match.[33]

Key
W  F  SF QF #R RR Q# A NH
(W) Won; (F) finalist; (SF) semifinalist; (QF) quarterfinalist; (#R) rounds 4, 3, 2, 1; (RR) round-robin stage; (Q#) qualification round; (A) absent; (NH) not held.
To avoid confusion and double counting, these charts are updated either at the conclusion of a tournament, or when the player's participation in the tournament has ended.

Mixed doubles
# Player Year Australian Open French Open Wimbledon US Open
1 South Africa Eric Sturgess 1949 A W W W
2 Australia Frank Sedgman 1951 A W W W
United States Doris Hart 1951 A W W W
4 Australia Frank Sedgman 1952 A W W W
United States Doris Hart 1952 A W W W
6 United States Vic Seixas 1953 A W W W
United States Doris Hart 1953 A W W W
8 Australia Margaret Court 1964 W W F W
9 United States Billie Jean King 1967 A W W W
10 United States Marty Riessen 1969 W W QF W
Australia Margaret Court 1969 W W SF W
12 South Africa Bob Hewitt 1979 NH W W W
13 United States Martina Navratilova 1985 NH W W W
14 Australia Mark Woodforde 1992 W W 3R W
15 Switzerland Martina Hingis 2015 W 2R W W
India Leander Paes 2015 W 2R W W

Note: From 1977 to 1985, the Australian Open was held in December as the last Major of the calendar year.

Triple Crown

Winning singles, doubles and mixed doubles titles at one Grand Slam event is called a Triple Crown.[36][37][38] It has become a rare accomplishment in tennis. This is partly because the final match in all three disciplines often takes place concurrently in the same day if not in consecutive days. Doris Hart for example attained her first Triple Crown after playing three Wimbledon final matches held in one single day.

Notes:

Boxed Set

Another Grand Slam-related accomplishment is winning a "boxed set" of Grand Slam titles – which is at least one of every possible type of Major championship available to a player: the singles, doubles, and mixed doubles at all four Grand Slam events of the year. This has never been accomplished within a year or consecutively across two calendar years.

Career Boxed Set

The Career Boxed Set refers to winning one of every possible grand slam title (singles, doubles, mixed) over the course of an entire career. No male player has completed this, although Frank Sedgman came close. He only missed out on the French Open singles title. Men who participate in top/elite level singles have played comparatively few doubles, and very few mixed doubles. So far, only three women have completed the boxed set during their careers:

Boxed Sets PlayerAgeAustralian OpenFrench OpenWimbledonUS Open
2
Australia Margaret Court22
(Pre-Open Era)
1960 (WS)
1961 (WD)
1963 (XD)
1962 (WS)
1964 (WD)
1963 (XD)
1963 (WS)
1964 (WD)
1963 (XD)
1962 (WS)
1963 (WD)
1961 (XD)
31
(Post-Open Era)
1969 (WS)
1969 (WD)
1969 (XD)
1969 (WS)
1973 (WD)
1969 (XD)
1970 (WS)
1969 (WD)
1968 (XD)
1969 (WS)
1968 (WD)
1969 (XD)
1
United States Doris Hart29
1949 (WS)
1950 (WD)
1949 (XD)
1950 (WS)
1948 (WD)
1951 (XD)
1951 (WS)
1947 (WD)
1951 (XD)
1954 (WS)
1951 (WD)
1951 (XD)
1
United States Martina Navratilova46
1981 (WS)
1980 (WD)
2003 (XD)
1982 (WS)
1975 (WD)
1974 (XD)
1978 (WS)
1976 (WD)
1985 (XD)
1983 (WS)
1977 (WD)
1985 (XD)

Court is not only unique in having two boxed sets, but is also unique in the timing of her accomplishments. Her first boxed set was completed before the start of the open era, and she has a boxed set achieved solely within the open era.

Martina Hingis has come closer than any other currently active player to joining this elite group. She just needs the French Open singles, having reached the final in 1997 and 1999.[39] Prior to Hingis, it was Billie Jean King who came close at completing a career boxed set. She only needed the Australian Open women's doubles title and although she reached the final twice (in 1965 and 1969), she failed to win the title.

Multiple Career Grand Slams

Of the many players who have managed to win a full set of four majors, there is a small number who have gone on to win all four majors a second or more times. The completion of "Multiple Career Grand Slams" or sometimes called "multiple slam sets" (MSS) has been achieved by only 22 unique players up to the end of the 2015 Wimbledon. MSS players can be found in each of the five tennis disciplines: men's or women's singles, men's or women's doubles, mixed doubles. It can also be found in women's wheelchair doubles. Of these, five players have completed MSS in more than one discipline: Roy Emerson, Martina Navratilova, Frank Sedgman and Serena Williams have MSS in two disciplines, Margaret Court has MSS in three disciplines.

This table shows each multiple occurrence of a complete MSS for each of the players who have accomplished multiple slams in a particular tennis discipline. The year shown for each of the four majors is the year that particular major win was repeated as part of that player's achievement of their second (all 22 players) and third (8 players) and fourth (4 players) and fifth through seventh (Martina Navratilova, in women's doubles) complete slam set of Major wins.

For example, the fourth row shows that Margaret Court completed her third career slam set in Women's Singles—winning each of the four majors three times—during the 1970 Wimbledon Championships (bold). More specific, she won: Australian open 11 times, the third in 1962; French Open five times, the third in 1969; Wimbledon three times (determines the maximum of sets), the third in 1970 and finally US Open five times, the third in 1969. Grey background shades lesser achievements by the same player in the same discipline (e.g., Court in the eighth row); yellow highlights the greatest achievement in the discipline (e.g., Graf in the third row).

Slam Sets completed, second and subsequent sets
(chronological sequence in column one)
Name Country Discipline MSS Australian Open French Open Wimbledon US Open
09 Emerson, RoyRoy Emerson  AUS Men's Singles 2 1963 1967 1965 1964
13 Laver, RodRod Laver  AUS Men's Singles 2 1962 1969 1962 1969
34 Graf, SteffiSteffi Graf  GER Women's Singles 4 1994 1995 1992 1995
15 Court, MargaretMargaret Court  AUS Women's Singles 3 1962 1969 1970 1969
49 Williams, SerenaSerena Williams  USA Women's Singles 3 2007 2015 2009 2008
21 Navratilova, MartinaMartina Navratilova  USA Women's Singles 2 1983 1984 1979 1984
22 Evert, ChrisChris Evert  USA Women's Singles 2 1984 1975 1976 1976
06 Court, MargaretMargaret Court  AUS Women's Singles 2 1961 1964 1965 1965
30 Graf, SteffiSteffi Graf  FRG Women's Singles 2 1989 1988 1989 1989
31 Graf, SteffiSteffi Graf  GER Women's Singles 3 1990 1993 1991 1993
42 Williams, SerenaSerena Williams  USA Women's Singles 2 2005 2013 2003 2002
16 Emerson, RoyRoy Emerson  AUS Men's Doubles 3 1969 1962 1971 1965
18 Newcombe, JohnJohn Newcombe  AUS Men's Doubles 3 1971 1973 1968 1973
01 Sedgman, FrankFrank Sedgman  AUS Men's Doubles 2 1952 1952 1951 1951
04 Fraser, NealeNeale Fraser  AUS Men's Doubles 2 1958 1960 1961 1960
10 Stolle, FredFred Stolle  AUS Men's Doubles 2 1964 1968 1964 1966
14 Rosewall, KenKen Rosewall  AUS Men's Doubles 2 1956 1968 1956 1969
43 Bryan, BobBob Bryan  USA Men's Doubles 2 2007 2013 2011 2008
44 Bryan, MikeMike Bryan  USA Men's Doubles 2 2007 2013 2011 2008
07 Emerson, RoyRoy Emerson  AUS Men's Doubles 2 1966 1961 1961 1960
17 Newcombe, JohnJohn Newcombe  AUS Men's Doubles 2 1967 1969 1966 1971
28 Navratilova, MartinaMartina Navratilova  USA Women's Doubles 7 1988 1988 1986 1987
29 Shriver, PamPam Shriver  USA Women's Doubles 4 1985 1988 1984 1987
35 Zvereva, NatashaNatasha Zvereva  BLR Women's Doubles 3 1997 1993 1993 1995
12 Court, MargaretMargaret Court  AUS Women's Doubles 2 1962 1965 1969 1968
32 Fernández, GigiGigi Fernández  USA Women's Doubles 2 1994 1992 1993 1990
36 Novotná, JanaJana Novotná  CZE Women's Doubles 2 1995 1991 1990 1997
37 Williams, SerenaSerena Williams  USA Women's Doubles 2 2003 2010 2002 2009
38 Williams, VenusVenus Williams  USA Women's Doubles 2 2003 2010 2002 2009
50 Hingis, MartinaMartina Hingis   SUI Women's Doubles 2 1998 2000 1998 2015
19 Navratilova, MartinaMartina Navratilova  USA Women's Doubles 2 1982 1982 1979 1978
20 Navratilova, MartinaMartina Navratilova  USA Women's Doubles 3 1983 1984 1981 1980
23 Navratilova, MartinaMartina Navratilova  USA Women's Doubles 4 1984 1985 1982 1983
25 Navratilova, MartinaMartina Navratilova  USA Women's Doubles 5 1985 1986 1983 1984
26 Navratilova, MartinaMartina Navratilova  USA Women's Doubles 6 1987 1987 1984 1986
24 Shriver, PamPam Shriver  USA Women's Doubles 2 1983 1985 1982 1984
27 Shriver, PamPam Shriver  USA Women's Doubles 3 1984 1987 1983 1986
33 Zvereva, NatashaNatasha Zvereva  BLR Women's Doubles 2 1994 1992 1992 1992
11 Court, MargaretMargaret Court  AUS Mixed Doubles 4 1969 1969 1968 1964
02 Hart, DorisDoris Hart  USA Mixed Doubles 2 1950 1952 1952 1952
03 Sedgman, FrankFrank Sedgman  AUS Mixed Doubles 2 1950 1952 1952 1952
40 Bhupathi, MaheshMahesh Bhupathi  IND Mixed Doubles 2 2009 2012 2005 2005
05 Court, MargaretMargaret Court  AUS Mixed Doubles 2 1964 1964 1965 1962
08 Court, MargaretMargaret Court  AUS Mixed Doubles 3 1965 1965 1966 1963
41 Vergeer, EstherEsther Vergeer  NED Women's wheelchair doubles 3 2007 2009 2011 2007
45 Griffioen, JiskeJiske Griffioen  NED Women's wheelchair doubles 2 2007 2013 2013 2007
51 van Koot, AniekAniek van Koot  NED Women's wheelchair doubles 2 2013 2013 2013 2015
39 Vergeer, EstherEsther Vergeer  NED Women's wheelchair doubles 2 2006 2008 2010 2006
48 Houdet, StéphaneStéphane Houdet  FRA Men's wheelchair doubles 3 2015 2010 2014 2014
47 Kunieda, ShingoShingo Kunieda  JPN Men's wheelchair doubles 2 2008 2010 2013 2014
46 Houdet, StéphaneStéphane Houdet  FRA Men's wheelchair doubles 2 2014 2009 2013 2011

By discipline (numbers of players and table entries)

Pro Slam

Before the Open Era began in 1968, only amateur players were allowed to compete in the four majors. Many male top players "went pro" in order to win prize money legally, competing on a professional world tour comprising completely different events.[40] From 1927 through 1967, the three oldest pro events were considered "majors" of the pro tour: the U.S. Pro Tennis Championships, French Pro Championship and Wembley Championships.[41][42] A player who won all three in a calendar year was considered to achieve a "Professional Grand Slam", or "Pro Slam".[41][42] The feat was accomplished twice:

Australia Ken Rosewall in 1963;[43]
Australia Rod Laver in 1967.[44]

Three other players won those three major trophies during their pro careers: Ellsworth Vines, Hans Nüsslein and Don Budge. The pro slams did not have a women's draw.

See also

Notes

  1. The Australian Open is played on Plexicushion while the US Open is played on DecoTurf.
  2. In 1984, the Australian Open was the last event held, rather than the first.
  3. 1 2 Until 2016, Wimbledon have never hosted singles tournament for wheelchairs.
  4. 1 2 3 4 Notwithstanding year when the US Open did not take place due to date clashes with the Paralympics.

References

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