Canada at the 2010 Winter Paralympics

Canada at the
2010 Winter Paralympics

IPC code CAN
NPC Canadian Paralympic Committee
Website www.paralympic.ca
in Vancouver
Competitors 46 in 5 sports
Flag bearer

Jean Labonte (opening games)[1]

Lauren Woolstencroft (closing)
Medals
Ranked 3rd
Gold Silver Bronze Total
10 5 4 19
Winter Paralympics appearances (overview)
Flag bearer Jean Labonté, as the Canadian delegation is entering the stadium during the opening ceremony.

Canada was the host country of the 2010 Winter Paralympics, in Vancouver, the first time it had hosted the Winter Paralympics.[2]

The 2010 Winter Paralympics was the most successful Winter Paralympics for Canada, through 2010. It collected the most total medals and most gold medals of any Winter Paralympics up until then. Canada ended the Games with 19 total medals, 10 of them gold, ending at 3rd in total medals ranking, and 3rd in gold medal ranking. This met the performance level set by the Canadian Paralympic Committee, of ending third in total medal count.[3]

Canadian cross-country skier Brian McKeever, who would have competed at the 2010 Winter Olympics, would have been the first athlete ever to compete both at both the Winter Olympics and the Winter Paralympics.[4] However, his coach cut him two days before the competition so McKeever will in fact not set an Olympic record. McKeever will compete in cross-country and biathlon events at the Winter Paralympics, with his brother Robin as his guide.[5]

Viviane Forest became the first para-athlete to win a gold in both the Winter and Summer Games, by winning the Women's Downhill for Visually Impaired. She had previously won gold in the 2000 and 2004 Summer Paralympics for women's goalball.[6][7]

Lauren Woolstencroft became the first Canadian to win 3 golds at the same Winter Paralympics,[8] this was eventually upped to 5 golds. With her 4th gold medal, she helped Canada set a record for most gold medals at any Winter Paralympic Games by winning the 7th medal. The previous mark was six, set at the 2002 Salt Lake City Paralympics.[9] With her 5th gold medal, she set the record for most gold medals won by any Winter Paralympian at a single Games, and she tied the record for gold medal haul of any Canadian Paralympian at a single Games, tying Chantal Petitclerc (who did the feat twice) and Stephanie Dixon, both Summer Paralympians.[10] Her five gold are also the record for any Canadian Winter Paralympian or Olympian.[11]

Medalists

Medal Name Sport Event Date
 Gold McKeever, BrianBrian McKeever
Guide: McKeever, RobinRobin McKeever
Cross-country skiing Men's 20 km free, visually impaired March 15
 Gold Woolstencroft, LaurenLauren Woolstencroft Alpine skiing Women's slalom, standing March 15
 Gold Woolstencroft, LaurenLauren Woolstencroft Alpine skiing Women's giant slalom, standing March 17
 Gold McKeever, BrianBrian McKeever
Guide: McKeever, RobinRobin McKeever
Cross-country skiing Men's 10 km classic, visually impaired March 18
 Gold Forest, VivianeViviane Forest
Guide: Debou, LindsayLindsay Debou
Alpine skiing Women's downhill, visually impaired March 18
 Gold Woolstencroft, LaurenLauren Woolstencroft Alpine skiing Women's downhill, standing March 18
 Gold Woolstencroft, LaurenLauren Woolstencroft Alpine skiing Women's Super-G, standing March 19
 Gold Woolstencroft, LaurenLauren Woolstencroft Alpine skiing Women's Super combined, standing March 20
 Gold Jim Armstrong, Darryl Neighbour, Ina Forrest, Sonja Gaudet, Bruno Yizek Wheelchair curling Wheelchair curling March 20
 Gold McKeever, BrianBrian McKeever
Guide: McKeever, RobinRobin McKeever
Cross-country skiing Men's 1 km sprint, visually impaired March 21
 Silver Bourgonje, ColetteColette Bourgonje Cross-country skiing Women's 10 km free, sitting March 14
 Silver Forest, VivianeViviane Forest
Guide: Debou, LindsayLindsay Debou
Alpine skiing Women's slalom, visually impaired March 14
 Silver Dueck, JoshJosh Dueck Alpine skiing Men's slalom, sitting March 14
 Silver Forest, VivianeViviane Forest
Guide: Debou, LindsayLindsay Debou
Alpine skiing Women's Super-G, visually impaired March 19
 Silver Forest, VivianeViviane Forest
Guide: Debou, LindsayLindsay Debou
Alpine skiing Women's Super combined, visually impaired March 20
 Bronze Wisniewska, KarolinaKarolina Wisniewska Alpine skiing Women's slalom, standing March 15
 Bronze Forest, VivianeViviane Forest
Guide: Debou, LindsayLindsay Debou
Alpine skiing Women's giant slalom, visually impaired March 16
 Bronze Bourgonje, ColetteColette Bourgonje Cross-country skiing Women's 5 km classic, sitting March 18
 Bronze Wisniewska, KarolinaKarolina Wisniewska Alpine skiing Women's Super combined, standing March 20

Alpine skiing

Women
Athlete Event Run 1 (SG) Run 2 (Sl) Final/Total
Time Diff Rank Time Diff Rank Time Diff Rank
Andrea Dziewior Downhill, standing 1:37.53 +11.99 9
Slalom, standing 1:13.77 +17.59 18 1:07.72 +11.93 14 2:21.49 +29.52 15
Giant slalom, standing Did not start
Super-G, standing Did not start
Arly Fogarty Slalom, standing Disqualified
Giant slalom, standing 1:28.90 +13.28 12 1:26.68 +8.27 9 2:55.58 +21.55 11
Super-G, standing Did not start
Viviane Forest
Guide: Lindsay Debou
Downhill, visually impaired 1:27.51 0.00 1st, gold medalist(s)
Slalom, visually impaired 56.76 +0.86 2 1:04.69 +0.03 2 2:01.45 +0.89 2nd, silver medalist(s)
Giant slalom, visually impaired 1:35.03 +9.59 4 1:36.14 +4.93 4 3:11.17 +14.52 3rd, bronze medalist(s)
Super-G, visually impaired 1:37.54 +3.73 2nd, silver medalist(s)
Super combined, visually impaired 1:35.97 +0.71 2 59.97 +0.62 2 2:35.94 +1.33 2nd, silver medalist(s)
Melanie Schwartz Slalom, standing 1:08.92 +12.74 14 1:06.39 +10.60 13 2:15.31 +23.34 13
Giant slalom, standing 1:30.42 +14.80 13 1:29.05 +10.64 12 2:59.47 +25.44 12
Super-G, standing 2:11.23 +44.77 14
Super combined, standing 1:46.26 +19.42 11 1:08.25 +12.42 10 2:54.51 +31.84 10
Karolina Wisniewska Downhill, standing 1:30.82 +5.28 5
Slalom, standing 59.76 +3.58 4 59.08 +3.29 3 1:58.84 +6.87 3rd, bronze medalist(s)
Giant slalom, standing 1:21.95 +6.33 4 1:22.08 +3.67 4 2:44.03 +10.00 4
Super-G, standing 1:36.22 +9.76 7
Super combined, standing 1:35.21 +8.37 3 1:00.26 +4.43 5 2:35.47 +12.80 3rd, bronze medalist(s)
Lauren Woolstencroft Downhill, standing 1:25.54 0.00 1st, gold medalist(s)
Slalom, standing 56.18 0.00 1 55.79 0.00 1 1:51.97 0.00 1st, gold medalist(s)
Giant slalom, standing 1:15.62 0.00 1 1:18.41 0.00 1 2:34.03 0.00 1st, gold medalist(s)
Super-G, standing 1:26.46 0.00 1st, gold medalist(s)
Super combined, standing 1:26.84 0.00 1 55.83 0.00 1 2:22.67 0.00 1st, gold medalist(s)
Men
Athlete Event Run 1 (SG) Run 2 (Sl) Final/Total
Time Diff Rank Time Diff Rank Time Diff Rank
Sam Carter Danniels Downhill, sitting Did not finish
Super-G, sitting Did not start
Jeff Dickson Downhill, standing Did not finish
Slalom, standing Did not start
Giant slalom, standing 1:18.73 +6.93 19 1:19.45 +7.33 20 2:38.18 +14.26 T-18
Super-G, standing 1:27.83 +7.72 16
Josh Dueck Downhill, sitting 1:19.88 +1.69 5
Slalom, sitting 49.59 +2.02 4 56.70 +4.03 2 1:46.29 +4.66 2nd, silver medalist(s)
Super-G, sitting 1:25.66 +5.68 13
Super combined, sitting 1:26.68 +6.06 11 Disqualified
Matt Hallat Downhill, standing 1:25.44 +4.64 11
Slalom, standing 57.19 +6.24 17 1:07.01 +14.41 34 2:04.20 +18.80 31
Giant slalom, standing Did not start
Super-G, standing 1:28.16 +8.05 18
Super combined, standing Did not finish
Morgan Perrin Downhill, standing 1:26.52 +5.72 T-15
Giant slalom, standing 1:19.22 +7.42 20 1:20.24 +8.12 21 2:39.46 +15.54 21
Super-G, standing 1:29.15 +9.04 20
Kirk Schornstein Slalom, standing 58.40 +7.45 23 59.61 +7.01 27 1:58.01 +12.61 25
Giant slalom, standing 1:22.11 +10.31 25 1:23.27 +11.15 27 2:45.38 +21.46 T-25
Super-G, standing 1:31.65 +11.54 26
Chris Williamson
Guide: Nick Brush
Downhill, visually impaired Did not start
Slalom, visually impaired 52.93 +3.05 8 58.19 +2.78 5 1:51.12 +5.30 6
Giant slalom, visually impaired 1:21.81 +2.44 5 1:22.84 +0.41 4 2:44.65 +2.66 4
Super-G, visually impaired 1:23.74 +2.19 6
Super combined, visually impaired 1:27.95 +4.10 6 50.47 0.00 1 2:18.42 +3.81 4

Biathlon

Women
Athlete Events Factor % Qualification Final
Real Time Calculated Time Missed Shots Result Rank Real Time Calculated Time Missed Shots Result Rank
Jody Barber 3km pursuit, standing 97 11:54.59 11:33.15 0+2 12:13.15 9 1+0 14:41.2 10
12.5km individual, standing 50:37.6 49:06.5 2+0+0+0 51:06.5 7
Margarita Gorbounova
Guide: Robert d'Arras
3km pursuit, visually impaired 100 14:51.15 14:51.15 1+3 16:11.15 11 Did not qualify 11
Courtney Knight
Guide: Andrea Bundon
3km pursuit, visually impaired 100 14:14.97 14:14.97 1+1 14:54.97 9 Did not qualify 9
Robbi Weldon
Guide: Brian Berry
3km pursuit, visually impaired 98 12:34.74 12:19.65 3+3 14:19.65 6 4+5 20:34.7 6
12.5km individual, visually impaired 50:59.2 49:58.0 2+2+3+3 59:58.0 9
Men
Athlete Events Factor % Qualification Final
Real Time Calculated Time Missed Shots Result Rank Real Time Calculated Time Missed Shots Result Rank
Mark Arendz 3km pursuit, standing 96 9:22.36 8:59.87 2+0 9:39.87 7 1+3 11:32.0 7
12.5km individual, standing 42:34.8 40:52.6 2+1+3+3 49:52.6 16
Lou Gibson 2.4km pursuit, sitting 100 10:00.26 10:00.26 2+3 11:40.26 23 Did not qualify 23
12.5km individual, sitting 48:38.8 48:38.8 1+1+2+1 53:38.8 18
Brian McKeever
Guide: Robin McKeever
3km pursuit, visually impaired 100 9:54.30 9:54.30 0+1 10:14.30 6 0+3 12:02.7 6
12.5km individual, visually impaired Did not start
Alexei Novikov
Guide: Jamie Stirling
3km pursuit, visually impaired 100 12:11.20 12:11.20 1+3 13:31.20 13 Did not qualify 13
12.5km individual, visually impaired 51:30.2 51:30.2 1+1+2+1 56:30.2 10

Cross-country skiing

Women
Athlete Event Factor % Qualification Semifinal Final
Real Time Result Rank Result Rank Real Time Result Rank
Jody Barber 1 km sprint classic, standing 92 5:04.91 4:40.52 9 Did not qualify 9
5km classic, standing 19:34.3 18:00.4 6
15km free, standing 57:20.2 55:37.0 6
Mary Benson 1 km sprint classic, standing 85 5:41.60 4:50.36 12 Did not qualify 12
5km classic, standing 23:46.3 20:12.4 14
15km free, standing Did not finish
Colette Bourgonje 1 km sprint classic, sitting 86 3:13.54 2:46.44 10 Did not qualify 10
5km classic, sitting 17:45.6 15:16.4 3rd, bronze medalist(s)
10km free, sitting 37:00.7 31:49.8 2nd, silver medalist(s)
Margarita Gorbounova
Guide: Robert d'Arras
1 km sprint classic, visually impaired 100 4:44.19 4:44.19 9 Did not qualify 9
5km classic, visually impaired 20:16.5 20:16.5 12
15km free, visually impaired 1:01:59.1 1:01:59.1 7
Courtney Knight
Guide: Andrea Bundon
1 km sprint classic, visually impaired 100 4:40.66 4:40.66 8 4:49.6 4 Did not advance 8
5km classic, visually impaired 20:12.7 20:12.7 11
15km free, visually impaired Did not start
Robbi Weldon
Guide: Brian Berry
1 km sprint classic, visually impaired 98 4:24.52 4:19.23 5 4:23.8 3 Did not advance 5
5km classic, visually impaired 18:02.6 17:40.9 6
15km free, visually impaired 54:42.6 53:36.9 5
Men
Athlete Event Factor % Qualification Semifinal Final
Real Time Result Rank Result Rank Real Time Result Rank
Mark Arendz 1 km sprint classic, standing 91 3:49.51 3:28.85 9 Did not qualify 9
10km classic, standing 32:42.4 29:45.8 12
20km free, standing Did not start
Sebastien Fortier 1 km sprint classic, sitting 98 2:39.56 2:36.37 32 Did not qualify 32
10km classic, sitting 34:01.3 33:20.5 33
15km free, sitting 52:36.7 51:33.6 29
Lou Gibson 1 km sprint classic, sitting 100 2:30.53 2:30.53 29 Did not qualify 29
10km classic, sitting 31:50.4 31:50.4 29
15km free, sitting 47:53.8 47:53.8 27
Tyler Mosher 1 km sprint classic, standing 94 4:02.22 3:47.69 21 Did not qualify 21
10km classic, standing 36:12.6 34:02.2 23
20km free, standing Did not finish
Brian McKeever
Guide: Robin McKeever
1 km sprint classic, visually impaired 100 3:14.79 3:14.79 1 3:20.6 1 3:42.9 1st, gold medalist(s)
10km classic, visually impaired 26:01.6 26:01.6 1st, gold medalist(s)
20km free, visually impaired 51:14.7 51:14.7 1st, gold medalist(s)
Alexei Novikov
Guide: Jamie Stirling
1 km sprint classic, visually impaired 100 3:56.34 3:56.34 19 Did not qualify 19
10km classic, visually impaired 35:21.9 35:21.9 14
20km free, visually impaired 1:08:47.6 1:08:47.6 13

Ice sledge hockey

The Canadian sledge hockey team qualified for the 2010 Paralympics by winning the bronze medal at the 2009 IPC Ice Sledge Hockey World Championships.[12]

Roster

No. Pos. Name Height Weight Birthdate Hometown 2008–09 team
22 G St-Armand, BenoitBenoit St-Armand 5 ft 10 in (178 cm) 165 lb (75 kg) 19 April 1978 St-Hubert, QC Team Canada
57 G Rosen, PaulPaul Rosen 6 ft 0 in (183 cm) 205 lb (93 kg) 26 April 1960 Thornhill, ON Team Canada
11 D Dixon, AdamAdam Dixon 5 ft 9 in (175 cm) 168 lb (76 kg) 13 September 1989 Midland, ON Team Canada
17 D Labonté, JeanJean Labonté 5 ft 11 in (180 cm) 205 lb (93 kg) 20 March 1969 Hull, QC Team Canada
21 D Grassi, RaymondRaymond Grassi 6 ft 3 in (191 cm) 260 lb (120 kg) 11 February 1983 Windsor, ON Team Canada
29 D Murray, GraemeGraeme Murray 5 ft 5 in (165 cm) 190 lb (86 kg) 14 December 1984 Gravenhurst, ON Team Canada
3 F Lord, HervéHervé Lord 5 ft 5 in (165 cm) 150 lb (68 kg) 3 March 1958 St-Pamphile, QC Team Canada
4 F Whitson, DerekDerek Whitson 6 ft 1 in (185 cm) 165 lb (75 kg) 21 June 1989 Chatham, ON Team Canada
7 F Dorion, MarcMarc Dorion 5 ft 0 in (152 cm) 137 lb (62 kg) 22 June 1987 Bourget, ON Team Canada
8 F Booker, JeremyJeremy Booker 5 ft 2 in (157 cm) 125 lb (57 kg) 8 November 1986 Ajax, ON Team Canada
10 F Matheson, ShawnShawn Matheson 5 ft 8 in (173 cm) 130 lb (59 kg) 6 May 1972 Chatham, NB Team Canada
12 F Westlake, GregGreg Westlake 6 ft 2 in (188 cm) 170 lb (77 kg) 12 June 1986 Oakville, ON Team Canada
18 F Bridges, BillyBilly Bridges 5 ft 8 in (173 cm) 190 lb (86 kg) 22 March 1984 Summerside, PE Team Canada
19 F Nicholson, ToddTodd Nicholson 6 ft 0 in (183 cm) 180 lb (82 kg) 28 January 1969 Kinburn, ON Team Canada
27 F Bowden, BradleyBradley Bowden 5 ft 0 in (152 cm) 154 lb (70 kg) 26 May 1983 Orton, ON Team Canada

Preliminary round

Round robin

13 March 2010
10:00
Canada 4 – 0
(1–0, 0–0, 3–0)
 ItalyUBC Thunderbird Arena, Vancouver
14 March 2010
13:30
Canada 10 – 1
(4–1, 4–0, 2–0)
 SwedenUBC Thunderbird Arena, Vancouver
16 March 2010
20:30
Norway 0 – 5
(0–2, 0–3, 0–0)
 CanadaUBC Thunderbird Arena, Vancouver

Standings

Team GP W OTW OTL L GF GA GD Pts
 Canada 3 3 0 0 0 19 1 +18 9
 Norway 3 1 1 0 1 4 7 3 5
 Sweden 3 1 0 1 1 3 12 9 4
 Italy 3 0 0 0 3 1 7 6 0

Playoff round

Semifinal

18 March 2010
12:00
Canada 1 – 3
(1–0, 0–1, 0–2)
 JapanUBC Thunderbird Arena, Vancouver

Bronze medal game

19 March 2010
19:00
Canada 1 – 2
(0–0, 0–0, 1–2)
 Norway 3rd, bronze medalist(s)UBC Thunderbird Arena, Vancouver

Wheelchair curling

Roster

Position Name Height Weight Birthdate Birthplace
First Gaudet, SonjaSonja Gaudet 180 cm (5 ft 11 in) 66 kg (146 lb) 22 July 1966 North Vancouver, BC
Second Forrest, InaIna Forrest 160 cm (5 ft 3 in) 61 kg (134 lb) 25 May 1962 Fort St. John, BC
Third Neighbour, DarrylDarryl Neighbour 187 cm (6 ft 2 in) 100 kg (220 lb) 21 July 1948 Beaverlodge, AB
Fourth Armstrong, JimJim Armstrong (skip) 189 cm (6 ft 2 in) 125 kg (276 lb) 30 June 1950 Victoria, BC
Alternate Yizek, BrunoBruno Yizek 177 cm (5 ft 10 in) 100 kg (220 lb) 10 December 1948 Cardston, AB

Preliminary round

Round robin

Draw 1 - Sheet B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Final
 Great Britain (McCreadie) 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 x 2

 Canada (Armstrong) 0 2 1 3 2 0 1 x 9

Draw 2 - Sheet D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Final
 Canada (Armstrong) 0 4 2 2 0 2 0 x 10

 United States (Perez) 2 0 0 0 1 0 2 x 5

Draw 3 - Sheet A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Final
 Norway (Lorentsen) 1 1 1 0 0 2 0 0 5

 Canada (Armstrong) 0 0 0 2 1 0 1 2 6

Draw 5 - Sheet C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Final
 Japan (Nakajima) 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 x 2

 Canada (Armstrong) 3 1 2 0 2 0 5 x 13

Draw 6 - Sheet D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Final
 Sweden (Jungnell) 2 0 0 2 3 1 0 x 8

 Canada (Armstrong) 0 2 1 0 0 0 1 x 4

Draw 7 - Sheet B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Final
 Canada (Armstrong) 1 0 2 5 1 6 x x 15

 Switzerland (Bolliger) 0 1 0 0 0 0 x x 1

Draw 9 - Sheet B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Final
 Canada (Armstrong) 0 2 4 0 1 1 0 0 8

 Germany (Jaeger) 1 0 0 1 0 0 3 1 6

Draw 10 - Sheet C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Final
 Canada (Armstrong) 1 1 0 1 0 2 0 1 6

 South Korea (Kim) 0 0 1 0 2 0 1 0 4

Draw 12 - Sheet D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Final
 Italy (Tabanelli) 1 0 2 0 0 4 0 1 8

 Canada (Armstrong) 0 1 0 2 2 0 2 0 7

Standings

Country Skip W L
 Canada Armstrong, JimJim Armstrong 7 2
 United States Perez, AugustoAugusto Perez 7 2
 South Korea Kim, HaksungHaksung Kim 6 3
 Sweden Jungnell, JalleJalle Jungnell 5 4
 Italy Tabanelli, AndreaAndrea Tabanelli 5 4
 Japan Nakajima, YojiYoji Nakajima 3 6
 Germany Jaeger, JensJens Jaeger 3 6
 Norway Lorentzen, RuneRune Lorentzen 3 6
 Switzerland Bolliger, ManfredManfred Bolliger 3 6
 Great Britain McCreadie, MichaelMichael McCreadie 3 6

Playoffs

Semifinal

Team 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Final
 Sweden (Jungnell) 0 1 0 0 3 1 0 x 5

 Canada (Armstrong) 3 0 2 3 0 0 2 x 10

Gold medal game

Team 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Final
1st, gold medalist(s)  Canada (Armstrong) 3 1 0 4 0 0 0 0 8

2nd, silver medalist(s)  South Korea (Kim) 0 0 1 0 2 2 1 1 7

See also

References

  1. "Flagbearers from Opening Ceremony" (PDF). IPC. 12 March 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-06-20.
  2. "Les représentants de l'équipe Paralympique Canadienne sont les premiers à visiter les sites des Jeux paralympiques d’hiver de 2010 de Vancouver", Canadian Paralympic Committee, July 28, 2006
  3. Canada News Wire, "Canada concludes most successful Paralympic Winter Games", CNW Telbec, 22 March 2010 (accessed 24 March 2010)
  4. "Brian McKeever se qualifie pour les Jeux olympiques et paralympiques d’hiver de 2010 à Vancouver", Canadian Paralympic Committee, January 29, 2010
  5. Blind McKeever 'devastated' to miss Olympic debut, AFP, February 27, 2010
  6. Vancouver Sun, "Paralympic para-alpine skiing: Canada’s Viviane Forest does the trifecta, wins visually impaired downhill gold" Archived 2010-03-23 at the Wayback Machine., Mike Beamish, 18 March 2010 (accessed 19 March 2010)
  7. Vancouver Sun, "Para-alpine star Viviane Forest has potential for huge Games medal haul" Archived 2010-03-24 at the Wayback Machine., John Korobanik, 11 March 2010 (accessed 19 March 2010)
  8. The Province, "Nation thrills at triple gold win", Ian Austin, 19 March 2010 (accessed 19 March 2010)
  9. Canadian Paralympic Committee, "Woolstencroft lifts Canada to record winter paralympic performance", CPC, 19 March 2010 (accessed 19 March 2010)
  10. Vancouver Sun, "Woolstencroft wins fifth gold medal", CanWest News Service, 21 March 2010 (accessed 21 March 2010)
  11. CTV News Channel, "News Weekend", 10:15am broadcast, airdate 21 March 2010
  12. "USA Wins Ice Sledge Hockey World Championships A". International Paralympic Committee. May 18, 2009. Retrieved January 7, 2010.
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