Campidanese dialect

Campidanese Sardinian^[1][2] (Sardinian: Sardu Campidanesu, Italian: Sardo Campidanese) is a standardised variety of the Sardinian language primarily spoken in the Province of Cagliari, Italy.

Traditionally the name Campidano refers to the fertile area located around the towns of Guspini and Villacidro. Campidanese and its variants of the dialect can be found across the entire Province of Cagliari and not just the Province of Medio Campidano area. Campidanese also extends into parts of the Province of Nuoro, notably the Ogliastra area and in the southern half of the Province of Oristano, the capital included. However, it is at this point that the language merges into Logudorese.

Campidanese Sardinian is intelligible to those from the central to southern part of Sardinia, where Logudorese Sardinian is spoken,^[3] but it is not to those from the extreme north of the island, where Corsican–Sardinian dialects are spoken. Italian speakers can hardly understand Campidanese, like any other Sardinian variety: Sardinian is an autonomous linguistic group rather than a dialect of Italian^[4] as it is often noted because of its morphological, synctatic, and lexical differences from Italian. In 2009, the provincial administration of Cagliari approved the spelling, phonetics, morphology, and vocabulary rules for Standard Campidanese Sardinian.

Subvariants

There are six main but mutually intelligible subdialects of Campidanese: Arborense, Cagliaritano (Casteddaiu), Meridionale, Ogliastrino, Guspinese and Villacidrese. Cagliaritano is the dialect of Campidanese spoken in the capital, Cagliari; however, it extends to most of the neighbouring towns and villages within a 15 km radius of Cagliari.

Vocabulary

Campidanese has some borrowed words from Aragonese, Catalan and Spanish. Since the early 20th century, there has been an increase in lexical borrowing from Italian. That is particularly evident with technological words for which there is no Campidanese equivalent. However, many words that are from Italian have been changed phonetically so that they sound Sardinian. Italian loan words that end in an o are often substituted with a u. The strong Campidanese accent also changes the sound of the word.

Writing system

Campidanese is written using the Latin alphabet. Like Italian, Campidanese does not use w and y. Campidanese also uses the digraphs gh, representing /g/, ch representing /k/ before e and i vowels, tz representing /ts/ and x, representing /ʒ/.

In phonetic syntax, final or intervocalic t is pronounced as a /d/ (es: issu andat, meaning "he goes", is pronounced issu andada ) and s is pronounced as a /z̪/, (es. sa mesa, meaning "the table", is pronounced sa mez̪a). In case there are consonants like s, t or nt at the end of the word, a helping vowel is usually added (es. sa domu, is domus(u), the house, the houses). If preceded by a consonant, an "i" is inserted before the normally-initial s (es: sa scala, is (i)scalas(a), the staircase, the staircases). The spelling rules were established by the Province of Cagliari with a deliberation on March 17, 2010.^[5]

Examples

Medieval administrative documents

(30 May 1225)

Ego Benedicta de Lacon cum filiu miu donnigellu Guglelmu, per boluntadi de donnu Deu potestando parti de Calaris, fazzulli custa carta ad Sanctu Georgi de Sepollu de Gurgu et ad Sanctu Gorgoni et ad Sanctu Vittu pro beni ki llis fazzu pro Deu innanti et pro s'anima mia et de parentis mius. Dau potestadi et assoltura de paschiri et a aquari sa causa de Sanctu Georgi de Sebollu daa Serramanna fini ad s'oliastru de Semassi, k'esti paris cun s'ortu de sutta billa, berbeis et cabras, et porcus et baccas, et eguas et cavallus. Et no ndi levit pegus perunu pro terra maina et ni atera causa peruna ni ad sa dommu de Sanctu Georgi et ni ad sus serbus, nin pro Iuigi, nin pro donnigellu et nin pro curadori et nin pro armentariu et ni ad peruna personi de su mundu.

Poetry

1. ^ normalized according to modern standards campidanese

Prose

Po cantu Biddanoa - 1987^[6]

(Benvenuto Lobina 1914 - 1993)

Su trenu de Casteddu arribàt a mesudì. Ma de candu intràt in is furriàdas de Tacchu de Nurri e ancora no si biìat, s’intendìat su ciuff ciuff e su fragu de su fumu, màssima candu tiràt bentu estu. Sa primu a si biri fut sa macchina, candu s’incraràt in sa trincera de terra arrùbia e fut po lompi a su scàmbiu. Tandu su ciuff ciuff si faìat prus forti, a cuncórdiu cun is stantuffus chi movìant is arrodas, e su trenu, sulendu fumu biancu finza a celu, saludàt alligru is acacias chi fùant abetendiddu, strantaxas pe parti che sordaus. Mancai fessit cincu oras currendu e èssit passau Campidanu, Partiolla, Trexenta e Sarcidanu, non parìat fadiau. Passau su scàmbiu arrallentàt e si poniat a passu de ómini po intrai in stazioni: cun imponénzia, cun importànzia, cun totu is ogus de sa genti puntaus asuba, cumpraxu. Ma candu si firmàt, asutta de is matas de ùlimu prus artas de sa stazioni, e sa genti cumenzàt a si accostiai, su ùrtimu ciuff pariat unu suspiru: fut própiu fadiau. Ma fut prexau su própiu, su trenu de Casteddu: a ananti de sa macchina is cuatru numerus de latoni – 1908 – brilliant che unu sprigu, e su capustatzioni, cun su berretu arrùbiu in conca, fut benendu a ddu arricìri cun grandu arrespetu. Comenti dónnia dì.

See also

• Sardinian language
• Logudorese Sardinian

References

External links

Campidanese dialect test of Wikipedia at Wikimedia Incubator

• Ditzionàriu online - Dizionario della lingua sarda
• Grammatica sardo-campidanese
• Saggio di grammatica campidanese, Antoninu Rubattu
• La lingua sarda: Storia, spirito e forma, Max Leopold Wagner, a cura di Giulio Paulis, Nuoro 1997
• Accademia De Sa Lingua Sarda Campidanesa - Onlus
• Campidanese basic lexicon at the Global Lexicostatistical Database

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