Calvinia

Calvinia

Calvinia, South Africa
Calvinia
Calvinia
Calvinia

 Calvinia shown within Northern Cape

Coordinates: 31°28′30″S 19°46′22″E / 31.47500°S 19.77278°E / -31.47500; 19.77278Coordinates: 31°28′30″S 19°46′22″E / 31.47500°S 19.77278°E / -31.47500; 19.77278
Country South Africa
Province Northern Cape
District Namakwa
Municipality Hantam
Established 1851[1]
Area[2]
 • Total 154.47 km2 (59.64 sq mi)
Population (2011)[2]
 • Total 9,680
 • Density 63/km2 (160/sq mi)
Racial makeup (2011)[2]
 • Black African 3.6%
 • Coloured 83.0%
 • Indian/Asian 0.8%
 • White 11.8%
 • Other 0.9%
First languages (2011)[2]
 • Afrikaans 96.9%
 • English 1.3%
 • Other 1.8%
Postal code (street) 8190
PO box 8190
Area code 027

Calvinia is a regional town in the Northern Cape province of South Africa named after the French religious reformer Jean Calvin. The town falls under the Hantam Local Municipality which forms part of the Namakwa District Municipality. The Calvinia district is part of the Great Karoo region of South Africa. The town is just south of the Hantam mountains on the banks of the Oorlogskloof (meaning "War Ravine") River.

Calvinia enjoys 80% starlight and is renowned for its kaleidoscope of spring wildflowers coinciding with the Namaqualand wildflower spectacle.

An asteroid (1245 Calvinia) is named after the town.

History

The earliest known people living in the area were Khoisan people. The first Europeans in the area were farmers who took their livestock to the area in the 1750s. Farmers received tracts of land in 1813.

On 19 January 1847, at a meeting on the farm Tygerhoek, a new Dutch Reformed Church congregation was founded for the Hantam region. In 1848 the congregation bought 1,200 hectares of the farm Hoogekraal (Ramskop) from Abraham van Wyk.

The name Hantam is derived from the Khoisan word !Han=ami, which refers to a plant with edible roots (Pelargonium bifolium, in Afrikaans "uintjies"). !Han=ami means "where the red bulbs grow".

The first reverend, N.J. Hofmeyr, proposed that the church be named after John Calvin. On 30 October 1851 the town was officially named Calvinia. It became a municipality in 1904.

Geography and Climate

Calvinia is located at 31°28′30″S 19°46′22″E / 31.47500°S 19.77278°E / -31.47500; 19.77278 (-31.47500, 19.77278).

The town is 301 kilometers (470 kilometers by tar road) north of Cape Town and lies at an altitude of 970 meters.

The average summer temperature is 22°C, with peaks above 40°C. The average winter temperature is 10°C but can fall to -8°C. On the surrounding mountains, snow falls regularly.

This was where Abraham Esau garnered the support of the "Coloured" community to fight for the British against the Boers during the Boer War.

Climate data for Calvinia (extremes 1900–present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 41.9
(107.4)		 41.1
(106)		 40.0
(104)		 36.4
(97.5)		 33.1
(91.6)		 26.4
(79.5)		 29.2
(84.6)		 32.7
(90.9)		 36.1
(97)		 40.5
(104.9)		 39.4
(102.9)		 39.9
(103.8)		 41.9
(107.4)
Average high °C (°F) 31.2
(88.2)		 31.0
(87.8)		 29.0
(84.2)		 24.6
(76.3)		 20.3
(68.5)		 17.5
(63.5)		 17.2
(63)		 18.4
(65.1)		 21.5
(70.7)		 24.6
(76.3)		 27.5
(81.5)		 29.7
(85.5)		 24.4
(75.9)
Daily mean °C (°F) 22.4
(72.3)		 22.4
(72.3)		 20.6
(69.1)		 16.6
(61.9)		 13.1
(55.6)		 10.9
(51.6)		 10.3
(50.5)		 11.0
(51.8)		 13.4
(56.1)		 16.1
(61)		 18.9
(66)		 20.9
(69.6)		 16.4
(61.5)
Average low °C (°F) 13.7
(56.7)		 13.7
(56.7)		 12.1
(53.8)		 8.6
(47.5)		 5.9
(42.6)		 4.2
(39.6)		 3.3
(37.9)		 3.6
(38.5)		 5.3
(41.5)		 7.5
(45.5)		 10.2
(50.4)		 12.2
(54)		 8.3
(46.9)
Record low °C (°F) 0.0
(32)		 2.8
(37)		 1.6
(34.9)		 −2.8
(27)		 −9.0
(15.8)		 −6.5
(20.3)		 −7.0
(19.4)		 −5.6
(21.9)		 −3.5
(25.7)		 −3.4
(25.9)		 −3.5
(25.7)		 0.4
(32.7)		 −9.0
(15.8)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 9
(0.35)		 14
(0.55)		 20
(0.79)		 21
(0.83)		 27
(1.06)		 29
(1.14)		 24
(0.94)		 24
(0.94)		 14
(0.55)		 12
(0.47)		 14
(0.55)		 8
(0.31)		 216
(8.5)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) 1.6 2.7 3.7 4.5 5.6 6.0 5.4 6.0 3.6 3.6 2.9 2.0 47.6
Average relative humidity (%) 48 52 56 60 63 65 63 62 58 52 48 46 56
Mean monthly sunshine hours 362.7 310.8 303.8 258.0 229.4 192.0 223.2 254.2 273.0 306.9 330.0 356.5 3,400.5
Mean daily sunshine hours 11.7 11.0 9.8 8.6 7.4 6.4 7.2 8.2 9.1 9.9 11.0 11.5 9.3
Source #1: Deutscher Wetterdienst[3]
Source #2: Meteo Climat (record highs and lows)[4]
Climate data for Calvinia (1981-2010)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 32.0
(89.6)		 32.3
(90.1)		 30.1
(86.2)		 26.0
(78.8)		 21.5
(70.7)		 18.2
(64.8)		 17.9
(64.2)		 19.4
(66.9)		 22.5
(72.5)		 25.9
(78.6)		 28.2
(82.8)		 30.3
(86.5)		 25.3
(77.5)
Daily mean °C (°F) 22.7
(72.9)		 22.9
(73.2)		 21.1
(70)		 17.4
(63.3)		 13.8
(56.8)		 10.8
(51.4)		 10.5
(50.9)		 11.2
(52.2)		 13.7
(56.7)		 16.8
(62.2)		 19.1
(66.4)		 21.1
(70)		 16.8
(62.2)
Average low °C (°F) 13.4
(56.1)		 13.8
(56.8)		 12.3
(54.1)		 9.5
(49.1)		 6.4
(43.5)		 3.8
(38.8)		 3.6
(38.5)		 3.4
(38.1)		 5.0
(41)		 7.9
(46.2)		 10.0
(50)		 12.0
(53.6)		 8.3
(46.9)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 29.49
(1.161)		 26.94
(1.0606)		 27.31
(1.0752)		 18.56
(0.7307)		 9.33
(0.3673)		 0.64
(0.0252)		 1.09
(0.0429)		 5.07
(0.1996)		 11.41
(0.4492)		 18.87
(0.7429)		 22.48
(0.885)		 27.73
(1.0917)		 198.92
(7.8313)
Average rainy days (≥ 1.0 mm) 1 1 3 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 2 2 35
Source: meteo-climat-bzh[5]

Culture

Afrikaans is the main language spoken in Calvinia. The principal religion of the population is Christianity.

Attractions

The Calvinia Museum is housed in the former art deco styled Jewish synagogue built in 1920. The museum portrays the lives of the early European settlers. It displays a cedarwood horsemill and mounted Cape fat-tailed, Merino and Dorper sheep. Unusual specimens such as a 4-legged ostrich and genetically anomalous sheep can also be viewed.

The Akkerendam Nature Reserve is located three kilometers north of Calvinia. The reserve offers unique flowers and two hiking trails cross the Hantam mountains. The indigenous and rare sterboom (literally translated "star tree")(Cliffortia arboreais) can be seen here.

The Hantam Meat Festival, an agricultural show and great barbecue (Afrikaans "braai"), takes place every year in late August.

The Boekhuis (translated "Book House") <== link not working) was built in 1860 by Jacobus Nel van der Merwe in Cape Dutch style with a concave-convex gable. This historical T-shaped house in Water Street is made available for the exclusive use of writers.

Education

The town has four public schools:

All four public schools also have boarding houses for both boys and girls.

Famous residents

References

  1. ↑ "Chronological order of town establishment in South Africa based on Floyd (1960:20-26)" (PDF). pp. xlv–lii.
  2. 1 2 3 4 "Main Place Calvinia". Census 2011.
  3. ↑ "Klimatafel von Calvinia, Prov. Northern Cape / Südafrika" (PDF). Baseline climate means (1961–1990) from stations all over the world (in German). Deutscher Wetterdienst. Retrieved 19 November 2016.
  4. ↑ "Station Calvinia" (in French). Meteo Climat. Retrieved 19 November 2016.
  5. ↑ "moyennes 1981/2010".
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