Callirrhoe (Oceanid)

In Greek mythology, Callirrhoe or Callirhoe (Ancient Greek: Καλλιρρόη, meaning "Beautiful Flow," often written Callirrhoë) was a naiad. She was the daughter of Oceanus and Tethys.[1][2] She was mentioned as a companion of Persephone when the daughter of Demeter was abducted by the lord of the dead, Hades. Callirhoe had three husbands, Chrysaor, Neilus and Poseidon. She was one of the three ancestors of the Tyrians, along with Abarbarea and Drosera.[3] Jupiter's moon Callirrhoe is named after her. She also mothered Cotys by Manes, king of Maeonia.[4]

Mythology

Hesiod's Account

Callirhoe was given as one of the elder Oceanides in the Theogony:

"And Tethys bore to Ocean eddying rivers, . . . — Peitho, and Admete, and Ianthe, and Electra, and Doris, and Prymno, and Urania divine in form, Hippo, Clymene, Rhodea, and Callirrhoe, Zeuxo and Clytie, and Idyia, and Pasithoe, Plexaura, and Galaxaura, and lovely Dione, Melobosis and Thoe and handsome Polydora, Cerceis lovely of form, and soft eyed Pluto, Perseis, Ianeira, Acaste, Xanthe, Petraea the fair, Menestho, and Europa, Metis, and Eurynome, and Telesto saffron-clad, Chryseis and Asia and charming Calypso, Eudora, and Tyche, Amphirho, and Ocyrrhoe, and Styx who is the chiefest of them all. These are the eldest daughters that sprang from Ocean and Tethys; but there are many besides. For there are three thousand neat-ankled daughters of Ocean who are dispersed far and wide, and in every place alike serve the earth and the deep waters, children who are glorious among goddesses. And as many other rivers are there, babbling as they flow, sons of Ocean, whom queenly Tethys bare, but their names it is hard for a mortal man to tell, but people know those by which they severally dwell."

Homeric Hymns

Callirhoe was said to be one of the playmates of Persepone in this account:

"Apart from Demeter, lady of the golden sword and glorious fruits, she was playing with the deep-bosomed daughters of Oceanus and gathering flowers over a soft meadow, roses and crocuses and beautiful violets, irises also and hyacinths and the narcissus, . . . All we were playing in a lovely meadow, Leucippe and Phaeno and Electra and Ianthe, Melita also and Iache with Rhodea and Callirhoe and Melobosis and Tyche and Ocyrhoe, fair as a flower, Chryseis, Ianeira, Acaste and Admete and Rhodope and Pluto and charming Calypso; Styx too was there and Urania and lovely Galaxaura with Pallas who rouses battles and Artemis delighting in arrows: we were playing and gathering sweet flowers in our hands, soft crocuses mingled with irises and hyacinths, and rose-blooms and lilies, marvellous to see, and the narcissus which the wide earth caused to grow yellow as a crocus."

Children

References

  1. ↑ Hesiod, Theogony 351. English Translation by Hugh G. Evelyn-White. Theogony. Cambridge, MA.,Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1914.
  2. ↑ Homeric Hymn 2, 417
  3. ↑ Nonnus, Dionysiaca, 40. 535 ff
  4. ↑ Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities Book 1.27.1. Translated by Earnest Cary (1879-19??) and Edward Spelman (d. 1767), from the Loeb Classical Library edition of 1937
  5. ↑ Hesiod, Theogony, 287, 981
  6. ↑ Pseudo-Apollodorus, Bibliotheca 2. 5. 10
  7. ↑ Stesichorus fragments 512-513, 587
  8. ↑ Hyginus, Fabulae, Preface & 151
  9. ↑ Hesiod, Theogony 270-300. Though Herbert Jennings Rose says simply that it is "not clear which parents are meant", Athanassakis, p. 44, says that Phorcys and Ceto are the "more likely candidates for parents of this hideous creature who proceeded to give birth to a series of monsters and scourges". The problem arises from the ambiguous referent of the pronoun "she" in line 295 of the Theogony. While some have read this "she" as referring to Callirhoe (e.g. Smith "Echidna"; Morford, p. 162), according to Clay, p. 159 n. 32, "the modern scholarly consensus" reads Ceto, see for example Gantz, p. 22; Caldwell, pp. 7, 46 295–303; Grimal, "Echidna" p. 143.
  10. ↑ Servius on Virgil, Aeneid, 4. 250
  11. ↑ Tzetzes on Lycophron, 875
  12. ↑ Herodotus, Histories Book 4:45
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