Callaeidae
| New Zealand wattlebirds | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Huia (Heteralocha acutirostris) | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Superfamily: | Corvoidea |
| Family: | Callaeidae Sundevall, 1836 |
| Genera | |
Callaeidae (sometimes Callaeatidae) is a family of passerine birds endemic to New Zealand. It contains three monotypic genera, with five species in the family. One, the huia, became extinct early in the 20th century, while the South Island kōkako is critically endangered.
Although sometimes known as wattled crows, they are not corvids and are only distantly related to crows - New Zealand wattlebirds is the informal name for this family used by the scientific community.[1]
Biology and evolution
They are ground-dwelling songbirds, 26–38 cm in length. They inhabit dense forests, where they feed on insects. They have strong legs and featherless wattles behind the bill. Their wings are rounded and unusually weak, giving them very limited powers of flight. They are monogamous and maintain permanent territories.[2]
These birds seem to be remnants of an early expansion of passerines to New Zealand. They have no close relatives except the stitchbird, and their more distant relationships are likewise still unknown.[3]
A molecular study of the nuclear RAG-1 and c-mos genes of the three species within the family proved inconclusive, the data providing most support for either a basally diverging kokako or huia.[4]
Species
- Genus Callaeas
- North Island kōkako, Callaeas wilsoni
- South Island kōkako, Callaeas cinereus - (possibly extinct)
- Genus Philesturnus
- North Island saddleback, Philesturnus rufusater
- South Island saddleback, Philesturnus carunculatus
- Genus Heteralocha
- Huia, Heteralocha acutirostris - (extinct)
Huia, Heteralocha acutirostris (extinct)
North Island kōkako, Callaeas wilsoni
North Island saddleback, Philesturnus rufusater
References
- ↑ Higgins, P.J. & J.M. Peter (eds) 2002. Handbook of Australian, New Zealand and Antarctic Birds. Volume 6: Pardalotes to Shrike-thrushes. Oxford University Press, Melbourne. ISBN 0-19-553762-9
- ↑ Lindsey, Terence (1991). Forshaw, Joseph, ed. Encyclopaedia of Animals: Birds. London: Merehurst Press. p. 225. ISBN 1-85391-186-0.
- ↑ Ewen, John G.; Flux, Ian; Ericson, Per G. P.; et al. (2006). "Systematic affinities of two enigmatic New Zealand passerines of high conservation priority, the hihi or stitchbird Notiomystis cincta and the kokako Callaeas cinerea". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 40 (1): 281–284. PMID 16527495. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2006.01.026.
- ↑ Shepherd, Lara D.; Lambert, David M. (2007). "The relationships and origins of the New Zealand wattlebirds (Passeriformes, Callaeatidae) from DNA sequence analyses". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 43 (2): 480–92. PMID 17369056. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2006.12.008.