CD25 deficiency

CD25 deficiency
Classification and external resources
OMIM	606367

CD25 deficiency or interleukin 2 receptor alpha deficiency is an immunodeficiency disorder associated with mutations in the interleukin 2 receptor alpha (CD25) (IL2RA) gene. The mutations cause expression of a defective α chain or complete absence thereof, an essential part of high-affinity interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptors. The result is a syndrome described as IPEX-like^[1] or a SCID.^[2]

In one patient, deficiency of CD25 on CD4+ lymphocytes caused significantly impaired sensitivity to IL-2. This was demonstrated by a lack of measurable response in anti-inflammatory interleukin-10 (IL-10) secretion to low-dose IL-2 incubation. Greatly reduced IL-10 secretion compared to healthy humans results in a syndrome comparable to IPEX syndrome, a type of autoimmunity which is caused by FoxP3 transcription factor dysfunction. In addition to IPEX-like symptoms, CD25 deficiency increases susceptibility to viral infections^[1] and possibly fungal and bacterial infections.

As IL-2 is an important inducer of lymphocyte proliferation, the absence of highly sensitive IL-2 receptors may also significantly hinder activation and clonal expansion of CD8+ and CD4+ lymphocytes and NK cells.^[2] One case also reported the absence of CD1, a MHC-like glycoprotein involved in the presentation of lipid antigens to T cells, in a CD25 deficient patient. Furthermore, chronic upregulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 in thymocytes was also described possibly allowing autoreactive T cells to escape deletion.^[3]

References

1 2 Caudy AA, Reddy ST, Chatila T, Atkinson JP, Verbsky JB (2007). "CD25 deficiency causes an immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked–like syndrome, and defective IL-10 expression from CD4 lymphocytes". J Allergy Clin Immunol. 119: 482–7. PMID 17196245. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2006.10.007.
1 2 Bonilla FA, Geha RS (2003). "12. Primary immunodeficiency diseases". J Allergy Clin Immunol. 111 (2 Suppl): S571–81. PMID 12592303. doi:10.1067/mai.2003.86.
↑ Sharfe N, Dadi HK, Shahar M, Roifman CM (1997). "Human immune disorder arising from mutation of the alpha chain of the interleukin-2 receptor". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 94 (7): 3168–71. PMC 20340 . PMID 9096364. doi:10.1073/pnas.94.7.3168.

Immune disorders: Lymphoid and complement immunodeficiency (D80–D85, 279.0–4)

Primary

Antibody/humoral
(B)

Hypogammaglobulinemia	X-linked agammaglobulinemia Transient hypogammaglobulinemia of infancy
Dysgammaglobulinemia	IgA deficiency IgG deficiency IgM deficiency Hyper IgM syndrome (1 2 3 4 5) Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome Hyper-IgE syndrome
Other	Common variable immunodeficiency ICF syndrome

T cell deficiency
(T)

thymic hypoplasia: hypoparathyroid (Di George's syndrome)
euparathyroid (Nezelof syndrome
Ataxia-telangiectasia)

peripheral: Purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency

Hyper IgM syndrome (1)

Severe combined
(B+T)

x-linked: X-SCID
autosomal: Adenosine deaminase deficiency
Omenn syndrome
ZAP70 deficiency
Bare lymphocyte syndrome

Acquired

AIDS

Leukopenia:
Lymphocytopenia

Idiopathic CD4+ lymphocytopenia

Complement
deficiency

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