C. S. Fly

Camillus "Buck" Sydney Fly

C. S. Fly photography studio
Born (1849-05-02)May 2, 1849
Andrew County, Missouri, United States
Died October 12, 1901(1901-10-12) (aged 52)
Bisbee, Arizona, United States
Occupation Photographer, marshal
Years active 1879 – 1897
Spouse(s) Mary "Mollie" E. Goodrich
Children Kitty (adopted)

Camillus "Buck" Sydney Fly (May 2, 1849 – October 12, 1901) was an Old West photographer who is regarded by some as an early photojournalist and who captured the only known images of Native Americans while still at war with the United States. He took many other pictures of life in mining boom town of Tombstone, Arizona and the surrounding region. He recognized the value of his photographs to illustrate periodicals of the day and took his camera to the scenes of important events where he deliberately recorded them and resold pictures to editors nationwide.

He was an eyewitness on October 26, 1881 to the Gunfight at the O.K. Corral, which took place outside his photography studio. He took pictures of a number of Tombstone residents including Tombstone founder Ed Schieffelin, pioneer surgeon Dr. George E. Goodfellow, Wyatt Earp's wife Josephine, and others.

He served as Cochise County Sheriff from 1895 to 1897. Most of his negatives were destroyed by two fires that burned his studio to the ground. His widow, photographer Mary E. "Mollie" Fly, donated his remaining images to the Smithsonian Museum before she died in 1912. His photographs are legendary and highly prized.

Early life

His parents were originally from Andrew County, Missouri. Shortly after Camillus' birth, his family migrated to California, eventually settling in Napa County. He became a farmer and on September 29, 1879, he married Mary ("Mollie") (née McKie) Goodrich on September 29, 1879 in San Francisco. Both were skillful photographers. She had previously been married to Samuel D. Goodrich but divorced him after two years of marriage.[1] They left California and arrived in the booming mining town of Tombstone, Arizona Territory in December 1879.[2]

Life in Tombstone

An image of the photography studio of C. S. and Mollie Fly burning in 1912, taken by Mollie Fly.

In Tombstone they immediately opened a photography studio in a tent.[3] In July, 1880, they completed construction on a 12-room boarding house at 312 Fremont Street in Tombstone that housed their photography studio and gallery in the back, called the “Fly Gallery”.[3] Mollie Fly actively managed Fly's Gallery when her husband was away. She was one of the few female photographers of the era, taking pictures of anyone who could pay the studio price of 35 cents.[3] It's unknown how they divided photographic duties between them, although all known photographs are attributed to him.[2]

The Alhambra Saloon of Tombstone, Arizona Territory, in an engraving of a picture taken by C.S. Fly. The image first appeared in The Arizona Quarterly Illustrated in July 1880.
Mollie Fly was C.S. Fly's wife and a photographer in her own right.

In June 1880, Fly partnered with C. A. Halstead in a studio at the Harshaw mining camp near the Mexican border. Veteran journalist Thomas Gardiner, publisher of The Arizona Quarterly Illustrated, was seeking contributions and welcomed Fly's photographs. The premier July 1880 issue featured two of Fly's photographs as engravings.[2]

On October 26, 1881, the Gunfight at the O.K. Corral occurred in an alley adjacent to his boarding house. During the shootout, Cochise County Sheriff John Behan took cover inside the boarding house, watching the gunplay, only to be joined by Ike Clanton who ran away from the gunfight, telling Wyatt Earp that he was unarmed. Fly, armed with a Henry rifle, disarmed Billy Clanton as he lay dying against the house next door.

Fly and Mollie raised a girl named Kitty, though it's not known whether she was adopted or from another relationship. Mollie ran the boarding house and studio while her husband traveled around the region taking photographs.[3]

Pictures of Geronimo

"Scene in Geronimo's camp, the Apache outlaw and murderer. Taken before the surrender to Gen. Crook, March 27, 1886, in the Sierra Madre mountains of Mexico, escaped March 30, 1886."
"Geronimo poses with members of his tribe and General George Crook's staff during peace negotiations on March 27, 1886."

In March, 1886, Department of Arizona General George Crook received word that the Apache leader Geronimo would meet him in Cañon de los Embudos, in the Sierra Madre Mountains about 86 miles (138 km) from Fort Bowie. Fly learned of the meeting and on March 20, 1886, took his equipment and attached himself to the military column. During the three days of negotiations, Fly took about 15 exposures on 8 by 10 inches (200 by 250 mm) glass negatives.[2]

One of the pictures of Geronimo with two of his sons standing alongside was made at Geronimo's request. Fly's images are the only existing photographs of Geronimo’s surrender.[3] He coolly posed his subjects, asking them to move and turn their heads and faces, to improve his composition.

John Bourke described how Fly took the historic photographs:[4]:64

Tombstone photographer Fly kept busy with his camera, posing his Apache models with a nerve that would have reflected undying glory on a Chicago drummer. He coolly asked Geronimo and the warriors with him to change positions, and turn their heads or faces, to improve the negative. None of them seemed to mind him in the least except Chihuahua, who kept dodging behind a tree, but at last caught by the dropping of the slide."

The Mayor of Tucson, C. M. Strauss, was present. He later wrote that:[4]:68

Fly is an excellent artist and he was not a respector of persons or circumstances, and even in the midst of the most serious interviews with the Indians, he would step up to an officer and say, ‘just put your hat a little more on this side, General. No Geronimo, your right foot must rest on that stone,’ etc., so wrapped was he in the artistic effect of his views.

Geronimo, camped on the Mexican side of the border, agreed to the surrender terms. A soldier who sold them whiskey said that his band would be murdered as soon as they crossed the border. Geronimo and 25 of his followers slipped away during the night, costing Crook his command.[2]

Earthquake study

A modern reconstruction of Fly's photography studio in Tombstone, Arizona.

Fly became a heavy drinker and Molly briefly left him in Tombstone in 1887, taking Kitty with her to Florence.[3] On May 3, 1887, a large earthquake struck Bavispe in Sonora, Mexico, destroying most of the adobe houses in Bavispe and killing 42 of the town's 700 residents.[5][6] Tombstone Dr. George E. Goodfellow was fascinated by the earth movement and studied the earthquake's effects. He obtained a commission from the U.S. government to travel to the earthquake area, and on his second trip in July 1887 he brought C.S. Fly with him to help study and record the effects. They traveled over 700 miles (1,100 km) through the Sierra Madre mountains recording observations, mostly on foot.[7] Goodfellow used Fly's images of the effects of the earthquake, the damaged and ruined buildings, and survivors to illustrate his report.[2]

As the Tombstone mines played out or flooded, Fly traveled to Fort Huachuca and Bisbee to take photographs of soldiers on their payday. On December 17, 1887 he toured Arizona with his camera and photographs. When the Tombstone economy further deteriorated, Fly made extended trips to Bisbee and Phoenix where he operated temporary studios.[2] The Tombstone Epitaph noted his departure: “Mr. C.S. Fly, the well known photographer, leaves today for Florence, Phoenix and other points in the Territory … During his absence, Mrs. Fly also an accomplished photographic artist, will conduct the gallery in this city as usual.”[3] In November, 1893, they moved to Phoenix and opened a studio there. When the business failed, Fly returned to Tombstone in 1894, and Fly accepted the Democratic nomination for Sheriff.[2][3]

Role as photojournalist

C. S. Fly's image of miner George Warren first appeared in Souvenir of Bisbee published in 1900. Fly's caption was, "Discoverer of the Copper Queen Mine."

More than a century before the idea of photojournalism was born, Fly apparently recognized the value of his images as illustrations and furnished high-quality prints to editors of journals, magazines, and newspapers. He sent 16 of his photographs of Geronimo and his Apache band to the popular publication Harper's Weekly, which published six of them in their April 24, 1886 issue, giving Fly nationwide exposure.[2] His photos of Geronimo and the other free Apaches, taken on March 25 and 26th, are only the known photographs taken of an American Indian while still at war with the United States.[3] Unlike most of his contemporaries, he wasn't content to remain in his portrait studio, and took his camera to the scenes of important events, where he deliberately recorded them as candidly as his limited technology allowed. Fly capitalized on the popularity of the images and hired assistants to fill orders for 50 cents each, or $4.00 per dozen.[2]

Fly gained national attention again in 1888 when Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper published four more of his images taken during his trip to Mexico with Goodfellow.[2] In 1891, Charles Scribner's Sons of New York published On the Border with Crook by Captain John G. Bourke, who had accompanied Crook on the expedition. It included the image of Geronimo's warriors lined up on a hill, but using the new halftone process, the first time a Fly photograph was printed using this technique.[2]

Though his drinking was becoming more and more heavy, he was elected as the Cochise County Sheriff in 1894 and served for two years. He chose not to run for Sheriff a second time in 1896. The town of Tombstone continued to suffer from a poor economy and he and Mollie relocated to the more prosperous industrial copper mining town of Bisbee. He produced pictures to illustrate the Copper King Mining Company's brochure in 1898. In 1900, the Arizona Graphic press printed Souvenir of Bisbee, the first tourist brochure for Bisbee, including pictures by Fly. The first image was Fly's picture of miner George Warren, the "discoverer of the Copper Queen Mine."[2][8]

Famous photographs

Death

Fly ran a ranch in the Chiricahua Mountains for a period. Though Camillus and his wife had been separated for years, she was at his bedside when he died at Bisbee on October 12, 1901.[3] She made arrangements to have his body returned to Tombstone, where it was buried in the new Tombstone Cemetery. Fly's Peak, the second highest named summit of the Chiricahua Mountains, is named in his honor.

Molly Fly continues business

Mary Fly continued to run the Tombstone gallery on her own after her husband's death and in 1905, she published a collection of her husband's Indian campaign photographs entitled Scenes in Geronimo's Camp: The Apache Outlaw and Murderer.[3] Coral Henry, a young girl who the Flys cared for after her parents died, described Mollie as "about five feet of pure dignity, very plainly dressed, but in manner Queen Victoria had nothing on her.”[3]

In 1912, the boarding house burned to the ground for the second time. A replica has since been built. The fire prompted Mary to retire and she moved to Los Angeles. Before she died, she donated her husband’s collection of images to the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C. She died in 1925.[1]

Geronimo, son, and two warriors. Originally captioned as "Geronimo's camp before surrender to General Crook, March 27, 1886: Geronimo and Natches mounted; Geronimo's son (Perico) standing at his side holding baby."

His images are very collectible and command premium prices today. A cabinet card of the image "Geronimo, Son, and Two Braves" was auctioned by the Heritage Auction Galleries in Dallas, Texas for $10,157.50 in 2010.[10] A 6-5/8" x 9-1/2" albumen print photograph of "Geronimo and his warriors", taken in 1886, sold at auction on April 14, 2014 for $1,375.[11]

C. S. Fly appears in Elmore Leonard´s western novel Gunsights (1979).

References

  1. 1 2 Blanton, Heather Frey (2014). "Mollie Fly–The Woman at the OK Corral". Retrieved 23 October 2014.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Vaughan, Thomas. "C.S. Fly Pioneer Photojournalist". The Journal of Arizona History (Autumn, 1989 ed.). 30 (3): 303–318. JSTOR 41695766.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 "Mary "Mollie" E. Fly (1847-1925)". Retrieved 22 October 2014.
  4. 1 2 "Apache Campaigns: The Canyon of the Tricksters". Huachuca Illustrated - Fort Huachuca and the Geronimo Campaign (PDF). Fort Huachuca Museum. 1999. Retrieved 24 October 2014.
  5. ↑ Suter, Max (March–April 2006). "Contemporary Studies of the May 1887 M 7.5 Sonora, Mexico (Basin and Range Province) Earthquake". Seismological Research Letters. Instituto de Geologia, Universidad Autonoma de Mexico. 77 (2): 134–147. doi:10.1785/gssrl.77.2.134.
  6. ↑ Kovach, R.L. (2004). Early Earthquakes of the Americas. Cambridge University Press. pp. 160–164. ISBN 978-0-521-82489-7. Retrieved 11 August 2010.
  7. ↑ Goodfellow, G. E. (12 August 1887). "The Sonora Earthquake" (PDF). Science. 10 (235): 73–74. doi:10.1126/science.ns-10.236.81. Retrieved 17 March 2013. (Subscription required (help)).
  8. ↑ R.W. Graeme (1987), "Bisbee, Arizona's dowager queen of mining camps, a look at her first 50 years", in History of Mining in Arizona, Tucson: Mining Club of the Southwest, p.51.
  9. ↑ "Photograph of McLaury, McLaury and Clanton". Legendsofamerica.com. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
  10. ↑ "C.S. Fly". November 2, 2010. Retrieved 22 October 2014.
  11. ↑ Geronimo 1829-1909

Further reading

Police appointments
Preceded by
Scott White		 Sheriff of Cochise County, Arizona
1895–1897 		Succeeded by
Scott White
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