Bzhedug Adyghe dialect

The Bzhedug dialect (Adyghe: Бжъэдыгъубзэ) is a dialect of Adyghe.^[2] The Bzhedug dialect is spoken by the Bzhedugs who live mostly in Adygea and Biga.

Phonology

Dropped consonants

In the Bzhedug dialect (Like Northern Shapsug dialect) in some cases the consonants н [n], м [m] and р [r] are dropped and are not pronounced.^[3]

• The consonant м [m] is dropped before bilabial stops б [b], п [p], пI [pʼ] :

• The consonant н [n] is dropped before postalveolar affricates дж [d͡ʒ], ч [t͡ʃ], кI [t͡ʃʼ] and before alveolar stops д [d], т [t], тI [tʼ] :

Aspirated consonants

In the Bzhedug dialect (Like the Shapsug dialect) there exist a series of aspirated consonants (/pʰ/ /tʰ/ /ʃʰ/ /t͡sʰ/ /t͡ʃʰ/ /t͡ʂʰ/ /t͡ɕʰʷ/ /kʰʷ/ /qʰ/ /qʰʷ/) that became plain consonants in other dialects :

• Bzhedug пʰ [pʰ] ↔ п [p] in other dialects :

Word	Adyghe				Kabardian
	Bzhedug		Temirgoy and Abzakh
	IPA	Cyrillic	IPA	Cyrillic	IPA	Cyrillic
sharp	pʰaːpt͡sʼa	пʰапцIэ	paːpt͡sʼa	папцIэ	paːpsʼa	paːpt͡sʼa
arrogant	pʰaːɣa	пʰагэ	paːɣa	пагэ	paːɣa	пагэ
nose	pʰa	пʰэ	pa	пэ	pa	пэ

• Bzhedug тʰ [tʰ] ↔ т [t] in other dialects :

Word	Adyghe				Kabardian
	Bzhedug		Temirgoy and Abzakh
	IPA	Cyrillic	IPA	Cyrillic	IPA	Cyrillic
respect	pχaːtʰa	пхъатʰэ	pχaːta	пхъатэ	-	-
to give	jatʰən	етʰын	jatən	етын	jatən	етын
to take	ʃtʰan	штʰэн	ʃtan	штэн	ɕtan	щтэн
on	tʰajt	тʰет	tajt	тет	tat	тет
smooth	t͡sʼaːʂʷtʰa	цIашъутʰэ	t͡sʼaːʃʷta	цIашъутэ	t͡sʼaːfta	цIафтэ
to afraid	ɕtʰan	щтʰэн	ɕtan	щтэн	ɕtan	щтэн
pillow	ʂħaːntʰa	шъхьантʰэ	ʂħaːnta	шъхьантэ	ɕħaːta	щхьатэ

• Bzhedug цʰ [t͡sʰ] ↔ ц [t͡s] in other dialects :

Word	Adyghe				Kabardian
	Bzhedug		Temirgoy and Abzakh
	IPA	Cyrillic	IPA	Cyrillic	IPA	Cyrillic
wool	t͡sʰə	цʰы	t͡sə	цы	t͡sə	цы
eyelash	nabzət͡sʰ	нэбзыцʰ	nabzət͡s	нэбзыц	nabʒət͡s	нэбжьыц

• Bzhedug шʰ [ʃʰ] ↔ щ [ɕ] in other Adyghe dialects :

Word	Adyghe				Kabardian
	Bzhedug		Temirgoy and Abzakh
	IPA	Cyrillic	IPA	Cyrillic	IPA	Cyrillic
milk	ʃʰa	шʰэ	ɕa	щэ	ʃa	шэ
lame	ɬaːʃʰa	лъашʰэ	ɬaːɕa	лъащэ	ɬaːʃa	лъашэ
salt	ʃʰəʁʷ	шʰыгъу	ɕəʁʷ	щыгъу	ʃəʁʷ	шыгъу
cloud	pʃʰa	пшʰэ	pɕa	пщэ	pʃa	пшэ
pus	ʃʰənə	шʰыны	ɕənə	щыны	ʃən	шын
accordion	pʃʰəna	пшʰынэ	pɕəna	пщынэ	pʃəna	пшынэ
fat	pʃʰarə	пшʰэры	pɕarə	пщэры	pʃar	пшэр
wax	ʃʰafə	шʰэфы	ʃafə	шэфы	ʃaxʷə	шэху
horse	ʃʰə	шʰы	ʃə	шы	ʃə	шы
sand	pʃʰaːχʷa	пшʰахъо	pʃaːχʷa	пшахъо	pʃaːχʷa	пшахъуэ
story	pʃʰəsa	пшʰысэ	pʃəsa	пшысэ	pʃəsa	пшысэ

• Bzhedug чʰ [t͡ʃʰ] ↔ ч [t͡ʃ] in other dialects (кь [kʲ] in Shapsug) :

Word	Adyghe				Kabardian
	Bzhedug		Temirgoy and Abzakh
	IPA	Cyrillic	IPA	Cyrillic	IPA	Cyrillic
spleen	t͡ʃʰa	чʰэ	t͡ʃa	чэ	t͡ʃa	чэ
brushwood twig	t͡ʃʰə	чʰы	t͡ʃə	чы	t͡ʃə	чы
to cough	pst͡ʃʰan	псчʰэн	pst͡ʃan	псчэн	pst͡ʃan	псчэн

• Bzhedug кʰу [kʰʷ] ↔ ку [kʷ] in other dialects :

Word	Adyghe				Kabardian
	Bzhedug		Temirgoy and Abzakh
	IPA	Cyrillic	IPA	Cyrillic	IPA	Cyrillic
middle	kʰʷə	кʰу	kʷə	ку	kʷə	ку
thigh	kʰʷa	кʰо	kʷa	ко	kʷa	куэ

• Bzhedug къʰ [qʰ] ↔ къ [q] in other Adyghe dialects (хъ [χ] in Shapsug) :

Word	Adyghe				Kabardian
	Bzhedug		Temirgoy and Abzakh
	IPA	Cyrillic	IPA	Cyrillic	IPA	Cyrillic
grave	qʰa	къʰэ	qa	къэ	q͡χa	кхъэ

• Bzhedug къуʰ [qʰʷ] ↔ къу [qʷ] in other Adyghe dialects (хъу [χʷ] in Shapsug) :

Word	Adyghe				Kabardian
	Bzhedug		Temirgoy and Abzakh
	IPA	Cyrillic	IPA	Cyrillic	IPA	Cyrillic
pig	qʰʷa	къʰо	qʷa	къо	q͡χʷa	кхъуэ

• Bzhedug чъʰу [t͡ɕʰʷ] ↔ цу [t͡sʷ] in Temirgoy:

• The consonant х [х] becomes к [k] after ш [ʃ] in Bzhedug:

Others

In the Bzhedug dialect (like Shapsug and Abzakh) there exist a labialized voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate [t͡ɕʷ] ⟨чъу⟩ that correspond to [t͡sʷ] ⟨цу⟩ in standard Adyghe Temirgoy.

• Bzhedug чъу [t͡ɕʷ] ↔ цу [t͡sʷ] in Temirgoy:

• In the Bzhedug dialect there exist a labialized voiceless retroflex sibilant [ʂʷ] and labialized voiced retroflex sibilant [ʐʷ] that correspond to [ʃʷ] and [ʒʷ] in other Adyghe dialects.

Grammar differences

Noun instrumental case

In the instrumental case the noun has the suffix мджэ (-md͡ʒa) or -джэ (-d͡ʒa) unlike other dialects (e.g. Abzakh, Temirgoy and Standard Kabardian) that has the suffix -мкIэ (-mt͡ʃʼa) or -кIэ (-t͡ʃʼa) :

• Bzhedug dialect: КIалэр Адыгэбзэджэ мэгущаIэ ↔ Standard: КIалэр АдыгэбзэкIэ мэгущыIэ - "The boy speaks (using) Adyghe language".
• Bzhedug dialect: Къэлэмымджэ сэтхэ ↔ Standard: КъэлэмымкIэ сэтхэ - "I write (using) with the pencil".

Future tense Suffix ~т (~t)

In this dialect the future tense suffix is ~эт (~at) and in some cases ~ыт (~ət) unlike standard Adyghe (Temirgoy) that has the Suffix ~щт (~ɕt).

Unique words

Sample text

Зэгорэм тыгъэжьымрэ тыгъэмрэ зынэкъокъугъэх анахь лъэшыр язэрымгъашIэу. А лъэхъан дэдэм тефэу зекIогорэ кIакIо техъуагъэу гъогум къэрыкIоу алъэгъугъ ыкIи рахъухьагъ тIумэ язэу гъогурыкIом икIакIо зыщэзгъэхэрыр анахь лъэшэу алъытэнэу. Ай дэй тыгъэжьым зэрыфэлъэкIэу къэпщэу къыригъэжьагъ. Ау ар нахь лъэшэу къепщы къэсми, гъогурыкIом кIакIом нахь зыкIоцIищахьытыгъэ. Ыужыпкъэм тыгъежьыр иморад ыужы икIыжьын фае хъугъэ.ЕтIуанэ тыгъэр къэпсыгъ, гъогурыкIор фабэ къэпагъ, ыкIи ай лъэпэтэу кIакIор зыщихыгъ. Аущтэу тыгъэжьым тыгъэр ей нахьыри нахьы зэрылъэшыр къэгурымэIомэ мэхъонэу хъугъэ.^[4]

See also

• Hakuchi Adyghe dialect
• Kfar Kama Adyghe dialect
• Shapsug Adyghe dialect
• Abzakh Adyghe dialect
• Baslaney dialect

External links

• A song in Bzhedug dialect (Emizh Nurbi - Come Home in peace)
• A song in Bzhedug dialect (Emizh Nurbi - I want you)

References