Phrynoidis juxtasper
| Phrynoidis juxtasper | |
|---|---|
 | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Amphibia |
| Order: | Anura |
| Family: | Bufonidae |
| Genus: | Phrynoidis |
| Species: | P. juxtasper |
| Binomial name | |
| Phrynoidis juxtasper (Inger, 1964) | |
| Synonyms | |
|
Bufo juxtasper Inger, 1964 | |
Phrynoidis juxtasper, also known as the giant river toad or Borneo river toad, is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is found in Borneo (Brunei, Indonesia, and Malaysia) and Sumatra (Indonesia) below 1,600 m (5,200 ft) asl.[2]
Description
Phrynoidis juxtasper are large toads: males grow to 120 mm (4.7 in) and females to 215 mm (8.5 in) in snout–vent length.[3] Habitus is stocky, but the limbs are relatively long. Skin bears large, round warts; ventral skin is granular. Warts of head, trunk, and limbs have melanic spinules on their tips.[4] Toes have extensive webbing, and these toads are good swimmers (and jumpers too).[3]
These toads can secrete large amounts of highly toxic, milky poison from their warts when disturbed. Also eggs and tadpoles are poisonous.[3]
Habitat and conservation
Its natural habitats are primary and secondary forests, often along rocky creeks and riverbanks. It is a relatively adaptable species that is not facing significant threats.[1] Large specimens are occasionally hunted for food.[3]
References
- 1 2 Inger, R.; Stuebing, R.; Iskandar, D. & Mumpuni (2004). "Phrynoidis juxtasper". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2015.3. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 29 September 2015.
- ↑ Frost, Darrel R. (2015). "Phrynoidis juxtasper (Inger, 1964)". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 29 September 2015.
- 1 2 3 4 Haas, A.; Hertwig, S.T.; Das, I. (2015). "Phrynoidis juxtasper (Giant River Toad)". Frogs of Borneo. Retrieved 17 October 2015.
- ↑ Inger, R.F. (1966). "The systematics and zoogeography of the amphibia of Borneo". Fieldiana Zoology. 52: 1–402. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.3147.