Beira toad

Beira toad
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Amphibia
Order: Anura
Family: Bufonidae
Genus: Poyntonophrynus
Species: P. beiranus
Binomial name
Poyntonophrynus beiranus
(Loveridge, 1932)
Synonyms

Bufo taitanus beiranus Loveridge, 1932[2]
Bufo beiranus Loveridge, 1932

The Beira toad or Beira pygmy toad (Poyntonophrynus beiranus) is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae from southern Africa.

Description

The Beira toad lacks prominent parotoid glands and these do not form a continuous platform with the top of the head. it also lacks any dorsal hourglass patternation, and any conspicuous tarsal fold. It has finely spotted ventral skin The feet are not adapted for burrowing and do not have adhesive terminal discs on either the fingers or toes. They do not have hard claws and eye pupils are never vertical.[1][3]

Distribution

It is found in two apparently separate areas: the coastal plain of central Mozambique in the flood plain of the Pungwe River north to Thuchila in southern Malawi, and floodplains in the Zambezi catchment area in central and southwestern Zambia.[1][4][5] Its type locality is Beira, Mozambique,[4] hence the name.

Habitat

The Beira toad's natural habitats consist of subtropical or tropical seasonally wet or flooded lowland grasslands; intermittent freshwater marshes within or around sub-tropical or tropical shrubland.[3] It occurs up to at least 1000 m above sea level.[6]

Habits

Beira toads are thought to breed in ephemeral pools formed after intermittent heavy rains. The males advertisement call is a high-frequency buzz which resembles some insect noises.[3]

Conservation

The chief threats to the Beira toad are over-extraction of surface waters, and from conversion of certain lands to agriculture It probably is found within several protected areas, notably the Kafue National Park and South Luangwa National Park of Zambia. Its true range is probably underestimated as this is a difficult species to record.[3]

References

  1. 1 2 3 IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group (2013). "Poyntonophrynus beiranus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN. 2013: e.T54586A46811247. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-2.RLTS.T54586A46811247.en.
  2. ↑ Loveridge, A. (1932). "Eight new toads of the genus Bufo from East and Central Africa". Occasional Papers of the Boston Society of Natural History. 8: 43–54.
  3. 1 2 3 4 "Poyntonophrynus beiranus (Loveridge, 1932)". Encyclopedia of Life. Retrieved 2016-11-13.
  4. 1 2 Frost, Darrel R. (2015). "Poyntonophrynus beiranus (Loveridge, 1932)". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 1 October 2015.
  5. ↑ C. Michael Hogan (2014). "Poyntonophrynus beiranus (Loveridge, 1932)". African Amphibians. Retrieved 1 October 2015.
  6. ↑ "TGIFF! The Beira Pygmy Toad". Amphibian Specialist Group (ASG) and Amphibian Survival Alliance (ASA). Retrieved 2016-11-13.
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