Brice Meuleman

Brice Meuleman, second Archbishop
of Calcutta (now Kolkata)

Brice Meuleman, S.J., D.D. (1 March 1862, Ghent, Belgium – 15 July 1924, Marsailles, France), was a Jesuit priest, a missionary in British India, and the second Archbishop of Calcutta (now Kolkata).

Early Years

Brixius Meuleman was born on 1 March 1862 in Ghent, one of the six sons of Desiderius (also Desiré) Meuleman (1821–1898), a soapmaker (zeepzieder), and his wife, Maria Coleta De Smet (b. 1826).[1][2] But his parents actually came from Sint-Lievens-Houtem,[3] a Dutch speaking village 10 miles (17.5 km) southeast of Ghent in East Flanders, where their families had already been living for several generations. Brixius was named in honor of St. Brixius, the 4th Bishop of Tours, whose feast day was actually on 13 November. But, like the saint’s name, his name was spelled, in his years as the Archbishop, by the reports, newspapers and magazines as Brice in English and French, Brixius in Dutch and Latin, Brizio in Italian and Brictius in German, the dominant languages of the Archdiocese of Calcutta.

Meuleman joined the Society of Jesus on 23 September 1879 with a novitiate (the "First Probation" of the Jesuit formation) in Arlon, Belgium. He proceeded with his Juniorate (the "Second Probation") in Tronchiennes (1881-1883) and his studies of philosophy at the University of Louvain (1883–1886). Having finished his studies, he left Europe at the end of 1886 to join the Mission of the West Bengal in India.

In Calcutta, at the College of St. Francis Xavier, Meuleman was the Lecturer of Philosophy and History from 1888 to 1889 and then upheld the Magisterium as a professor and an inspector from 1889 to 1892. In 1892, he moved to Kurseong for the first time to continue his studies of theology. Kurseong was where he was ordained as a priest in 1895. He spent his Third Year (the "Third Probation") in Ranchi. In 1897 he returned to the College of St. Francis Xavier as the Professor of Logic, Philosophy and Political Economy. On 15 August 1895, in Calcutta, he took his Profession of the Fourth Vow, finally becoming a full-fledged member of the Society of Jesus.

In 1898, Meuleman returned to Kurseong to be the Minister of Theology and Professor of Holy Scripture at the Seminary of the Society of Jesus (now the Vidyajyoti College of Theology). A year later, he was promoted to the office of the Rector there but he continued to teach classes on the Holy Scripture and work as the Prefect of Studies. In November 1900 he was appointed as the Superior Regular of the West Bengal Mission. It was the last stop of his journey to Calcutta.

Archbishop of Calcutta

Two years later, on 21 March 1902, Meuleman was nominated to succeed the late Paul Goethals as the Archbishop of Calcutta. Two months later, on Trinity Sunday, 25 May 1902, he was consecrated and enthroned at the Cathedral of Our Blessed Lady of the Rosary[4] in Calcutta by Dr. Godefroid Pelckmans, O.F.M. Cap., the bishop of Lahore, with assistance from Bishop Francesco Pozzi, P.I.M.E., of Krishnagar and Bishop Teotonio Emanuele Ribeiro Vieira de Castro of Mylapore.[5]

As the Archbishop, Meuleman was particularly active in establishing missions in the 24 Parganas District and the Chota Nagpur Division (now the state of Jharkhand). During the 1910s, he opened several schools, including St. Albert’s Seminary in Bankuli (now in the Khunti district) in 1914,[6] in the Ranchi district to educate and prepare the tribal Indians for the religious life as priests and monks. According to legend, these schools were his response to the declaration of the Apostolic Delegate to British India that the Catholic Church in the West Bengal would need a hundred years to have its own native priests.[7] So Archbishop Meuleman formed the plan to “start a Primary School in every village, an Upper Primary School in every parish, a Middle School in every station and a High School in Ranchi” and to make the education of girls as important as the education of boys.[8] Archbishop Meuleman had the reputation of being kind, intelligent and mild-mannered, always concerned with the souls and welfare of the Indians.

On 21 December 1921, Meuleman promoted a Jesuit from Antwerp, Ferdinand Perier, the former Superior Regular of the West Bengal Mission, who had been in India since 1906, to the rank of Coadjutor Bishop.

Last Years

Eventually, the Archbishop’s health began to fail. In June 1924 he moved to France in the hopes of recovering his health but his hopes were not realized. So, on 23 June 1924, he resigned from his offices. As the Coadjutor Bishop, Monsignor Périer automatically succeeded him as the third Archbishop of Calcutta.[9] Three weeks later, on 15 July 1924, Meuleman died in Marseilles.

Legacy

A street in St.-Lievens-Houtem, Belgium, bears the name of Monseigneur Meulemanstraat (Dutch, "Monsignor Meuleman Street") in honor of the Archbishop.[3]

References

  1. ↑ (in Dutch) Brixius Meuleman, Birth Certificate No. 26, filed 3 March 1862, Register of Births for the Year 1862, Ghent, East Flanders, Belgium; in: FamilySearch, "Belgium, East Flanders, Civil Registration, 1598-1906", Gent, Geboorten [Births], 1862, Image No. 131 (page 121, item 3).
  2. ↑ (in Dutch) "Stammboom Meuleman [Meuleman Family Tree], MyHeritage, retrieved 11 December 2013. The Archbishop’s paternal line can be traced for five generations to a Johannes Meuleman, who was born circa 1690 and married Peronella De Cort.
  3. 1 2 (in Dutch) Anonymous, "Guido Gezelle nauw verwant met St. Lievens Houtem" [Guido Gezelle was very connected with St. Lievens Houtem], retrieved 11 December 2013. Guido’s brother Romain Gezelle, married Philoméne De Smet, the sister of the Archbishop’s mother so he had to call Romain "Nonkel" ["Uncle"] whenever he saw him.
  4. ↑ (in English) Catholic Directory of India 1922: 72nd Annual Issue of the Madras Catholic Directory and Annual General Register (Madras: The Catholic Supply Society, 1921), page 140
  5. ↑ (in English) "Archbishop Brice Meuleman, S.J.†", Catholic Hierarchy, retrieved 11 December 2013.
  6. ↑ (in English) See the official website of the "St. Albert’s College, Ranchi" for more information. St. Albert’s Seminary was transferred in 1916 to Ranchi, 16 miles (26 km) in the northeast.
  7. ↑ (in English) "Seminary born of delegate’s snide remark now backbone of Tribal Church", . . . what the cardinals believe . . .”, retrieved 11 December 2013. The Apostolic Delegate, one rank below the Papal Nuncio, at that time was Archbishop Ladislaus Michael Zaleski (1852–1925), who served from 1892 to 1916.
  8. ↑ (in English) “A Brief History of the Congregation of the Daughters of St. Anne, Ranchi”, The Daughters of St. Anne, Ranchi, retrieved 11 December 2013.
  9. ↑ Thirteen years later, in Darjeeling on 24 May 1937, Archbishop Périer (1875–1968) would officiate the ceremony where Sister Teresa would take her final vows and become Mother Teresa. See (in English) Mother Teresa and Brian Kolodiejchuk, M.C., “His for All Eternity”, Mother Teresa: Come Be My Light (New York City: Doubleday, 2007), page 23

Bibliography

Catholic Church titles
Preceded by
Paul Goethals, S.J.		 2nd Archbishop of Calcutta
1902–1924 		Succeeded by
Ferdinand Perier, S.J.
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