Bret Gilliam

Bret Clifton Gilliam

Bret Gilliam in 1996
Born (1951-02-03)February 3, 1951
Annapolis, Maryland, U.S.
Residence Arrowsic, Maine
Occupation author, entrepreneur, expert witness, explorer

Bret Clifton Gilliam is a pioneering technical diver. He is most famous as the founder of TDI, and as the one time holder of the world record for deep diving on air.[1] He is also one of diving's most popular writers.

Gilliam is a multimillionaire from the sale of several businesses that included Technical Diving International (TDI), V. I. Divers Ltd., AMF Yacht Charters, Ocean Quest Cruise Lines, G2 Publishing (Fathoms Magazine), Sea Ventures Ltd., and Uwatec. Several of his companies grew into multi-national conglomerates and two were taken public in major sales while others were sold to private investment groups. Gilliam formed the consulting service Ocean Tech in 1971 and currently provides expert witness testimony for diving and maritime related legal cases. Since 1973, he has appeared in over 300 cases, nearly exactly evenly divided between defense and plaintiff litigation. (A recent case in which he appeared as the maritime and diving expert witness for the plaintiffs resulted in a $12 million settlement in May 2015.[2]) Gilliam has also testified in criminal trials and been Congressionally appointed to military court martial proceedings for the U.S. Marine Corps. Special Consultant in various capacities for the U. S. Navy, U. S. Coast Guard (USCG), Naval Criminal Investigative Service (NCIS), Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), and the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA).

Background

Bret Gilliam was born February 3, 1951 at the United States Naval Academy in Annapolis, Maryland to Commander Gill Gilliam (retired as Captain) and Jeanne Gilliam. He was the first of three children. His younger brother Chris was murdered in 1972 at the age of 16 while attending an outdoor concert in Puerto Rico.

Education

In 1959, the YMCA developed the first nationally organized course and certified their first skin and scuba diving instructors,[3] and Gilliam began his diving training with Lt. Chuck Brestle while his family was stationed at the Naval Air Station Key West that same year.[4][5]

From 1965 to 1967 he attended Virginia Beach High School until the school system split students to attend the newly created First Colonial High School. He remained at First Colonial High School until 1967 when his father was transferred to Brunswick Naval Air Station as Senior Executive Officer. He graduated from Brunswick High School in Brunswick, Maine in 1969. While in high school, he was a stand-out athlete playing football, ice hockey, and baseball while also swimming and running track. He also was sponsored as a surfing competitor for Hobie and Hansen surfboards and participated in contest events on the east and west coasts (and Caribbean) as well as promotional sales activities for those manufacturers from 1965 to 1970.

Gilliam then went on to attend the University of Maine and Bowdoin College where he studied history and political science.[5] He won a National ROTC Scholarship in 1968 and was scheduled to be commissioned as an Army officer when he was recruited to do alternate service on a Navy deep diving project filming nuclear fast attack submarines. Gilliam left his undergraduate studies early to join the Navy project and then went on to pursue a business career by starting Ocean Tech.[5]

Career

Gilliam held several diving jobs and competed as a semi-professional surfer while in high school and college.[5]

In 1971, Gilliam was a diving Supervisor for Vocaline Air Sea Technology (VAST Inc.). The VAST Inc. contract took him to the Caribbean where he worked to develop nitrox and decompression procedures for their dive teams.[6] It was here that Gilliam's interest in underwater photography began. Their work was to record the "visible wake vortex that came off the propeller" of submarines.[4] In 1972 off the island of St. Croix, Gilliam's dive buddy Rod Temple was attacked by oceanic whitetip sharks during a project and was killed. Gilliam was cited for heroism by the Virgins Islands' Governor for his attempt to save Temple when he broke off his decompression and swam back into the attack. Both divers were dragged to depths in excess of 350 feet during the struggle before Temple was torn from Gilliam's grasp.[7] Gilliam survived an out-of-air free ascent from extreme depth and had to be evacuated to Puerto Rico to be treated for decompression sickness.[4][7] That same year, he also created his consulting company Ocean Tech in the U.S. Virgin Islands.

V.I. Divers Ltd. was founded by Gilliam in 1973 in St. Croix as a dive resort that not only catered to recreational divers but also scientific divers.[6] The company (and others that followed) also had a filming and studio support division that provided location services for boats, diving, equipment, helicopter & aircraft, stunt persons, and local logistics for Hollywood movies, television series, documentaries, and tourism promotions. Film work from 1971 to the present included movies such as "Pleasure Island", "The Deep", "The Island of Dr. Moreau", "The Man Without A Face", "Dreams of Gold", "Going Overboard", "The Island", "Having A Ball", "Abyss", "The Dive", "Message In A Bottle", "Head Above Water", as well as television productions such as "Miami Vice", "Greatest American Hero", "ABC Sports", "Undersea World of Jacques Cousteau", "HBO", "Showtime", "Discovery Channel", "National Geographic Explorer", "Travel Channel", "Cinemax", "Today", "NBC's live broadcasts of the 1983 America's Cup Races", "Encore Productions", "BBC", and "The Playboy Channel". In 1977, Gilliam served as the founder and president of AMF Yacht Charters Ltd. providing luxury motor yacht charters on vessels up to 380 feet in length.[6] Both companies were sold in 1985 and after a short break, Gilliam resumed his work with the formation of cruise ship lines as the Vice President, chief executive officer (CEO) and Director of Ship Operations for Ocean Quest International in 1988.[6][8] He served as Senior officer aboard their 550-ft., 28,000 ton flagship Ocean Spirit. This was the world's largest sport diving operation in history. Gilliam also began conducting research on dive computer safety during this time[9] and remained with Ocean Quest until the company was sold to Sea Escape Cruise Lines in the fall of 1990.

Gilliam performed a deep air dive on February 14, 1990 at a site named "Mary's Place" in Roatán to 452 feet (138 m).[8][10] Gilliam later reached 475 feet (145 m) in October 1993 to better his own record.[8][10]

From 1990 to 1992, Gilliam was the President of SEA VENTURES LTD as well as CEO and Master of the 142-foot (43 m) motor yacht P’zzaz.[6]

International Association of Nitrox and Technical Divers

In 1991, Gilliam joined Dick Rutkowski, Tom Mount and Billy Deans on the board of directors for International Association of Nitrox and Technical Divers (IANTD). During this time, Gilliam also served as the vice-president of the company.[6] Gilliam co-authored two books over this time period in addition to his work on the training materials used in IANTD courses.[8][11] He remained in this position with IANTD until 1994 when he separated and formed the training agency Technical Diving International (TDI) as part of the corporation International Training Inc. TDI quickly grew to be the largest technical training agency in the world with offices in 26 countries.

International Training Inc

International Training Inc. is the parent company for the Technical Diving International (TDI), Scuba Diving International (SDI), and Emergency Response Diving International (ERDI), diving certification agencies headquartered in Topsham, Maine.

TDI was founded in 1994 by Bret Gilliam and several other minority shareholders after a disagreement between IANTD directors caused Gilliam to sell his stock and split away to form the agency.[12][13]

Gilliam remained President and Chief Executive Officer of International Training Inc until February 5, 2004 when it was sold to investors backing Brian Carney who had been serving as the General Manager.[14] The company is now located in Florida.

Uwatec

Gilliam took over as vice-president and CEO of UWATEC USA in 1996.[15] Gilliam assisted UWATEC's founder and owner, Heinz Ruchti, with the sale of the company to Johnson Outdoors the following year.[15] Gilliam stepped down in November 1998 when Johnson Outdoors merged UWATEC USA with ScubaPro and relocated the company to El Cajon, California.[15] Until 2000, Gilliam remained a consultant to the company.[15]

In 2000, Gilliam served as the president and CEO of a medical program for divers, DiveSafe Insurance Inc. and later sold the company in 2004.[6]

Publishing

Gilliam has served as the publisher or editor of several magazines over the years.[6]

Gilliam continues to serve as a contributing editor for diving periodicals such as Diver, Journal of Diving History, Tech Diving Mag, Undercurrent, and Unterwasser (Germany).[6]

He is the author or contributor to 67 books, over 1000 magazine articles, and over 100 magazine cover photos.

Service Activities

Gilliam was elected to the Board of Directors by the National Association of Underwater Instructors membership in 1992.[6] During his eight years on the board, he served as the chairman from 1994 to 1995. He also formed the philanthropic Diving Legacy Foundation as vehicle to make donations to various worthy recipients and projects in the diving industry.

Professional Board Positions:

President and Board Chairman: Ocean Tech, 1971–present President and Board Chairman: The Diving Legacy Foundation, 2006 to present Founder, President and CEO: International Training Inc. (TDI, SDI, ERDI) 1994-2004 Founder, President and CEO: DiveSafe Inc. 2000 to 2004 Founder, President and CEO: G2 Publishing Inc./Fathoms Magazine 2000 to 2005 Vice President and CEO: UWATEC USA INC. 1996-99 Founder, President: Tech Publishing Inc. 1996-99 Member of the Board of Advisors to Rodale's SCUBA DIVING magazine 1992-2001 Chairman of the Board of Directors of the National Association of Underwater Instructors (NAUI) 1994-95, two-term Board Member 1992-2000; (Vice Chairman 1992-94, 1996–97) Member of the Board of Directors of the International Association of Nitrox and Technical Divers (IANTD): Vice President 1991-1994 Member of the Board of Directors of the International Underwater Foundation 1992-95 Vice President, CEO & Director of Ship Operations: Ocean Quest Int’l 1988-1990 Founder, President and CEO: V. I. Divers Ltd., 1973-1985 Founder, President and CEO: AMF Yacht Charters Ltd., 1977-1985 Founder and Chairman, Diving Legacy Foundation, 2005 to present Board of Advisors, Historical Diving Society (Asia) 2014–present Board of Advisors, Asian Geographic Magazine, 2014–present

Certifications

Diving instructor and medical credentials

  • Technical Diving International (TDI#0001)
  • Scuba Diving International (SDI#0001)
  • Emergency Response Diving International (ERDI#0001)
  • National Association of Underwater Instructors (NAUI#3234L)
  • Professional Association of Diving Instructors (PADI#5929)
  • National Association of Scuba Diving Schools (NASDS#0893)
  • Undersea Photographers Instructor Association (UPIA#0102)
  • American Nitrox Divers Inc. (ANDI#0031)
  • Professional Diving Instructors Corporation (PDIC#5367)
  • International Association of Nitrox & Technical Divers (IANTD#0051)
  • Technical Deep Air (IANTD#0007), Trimix (IANTD#0008)
  • Visual Inspector of Scuba Cylinders (NAUI#V1249)
  • Hyperbarics International, Recompression chamber supervisor (#0693)
  • Emergency Oxygen Administration/Field Management of Diving Accidents
  • Diver Medical Technician Instructor Trainer
  • Int’l Board of Underwater Medicine Recompression Chamber Supervisor and Medical Director for Field Treatment Protocols for hyperbaric injuries

Licenses

Awards

Publications

References

  1. ↑ "Fifty Fathoms: History of Diving" 2014
  2. ↑ KeysNews.com May 20, 2015
  3. ↑ Richardson, Drew (1999). "A brief history of recreational diving in the United States.". South Pacific Underwater Medicine Society Journal. 29 (3). Retrieved 2011-01-13.
  4. 1 2 3 Fields, Peter (1999). "Bret Gilliam". Dive New Zealand (54). Archived from the original on 2011-07-05. Retrieved 2011-01-18.
  5. 1 2 3 4 "Email discussion with User:Gene Hobbs about Gilliam's background in January, 2011". Personal communication. 2011.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Gilliam, Bret (2011). "Curriculum vitae".
  7. 1 2 Thomas, Pete (1996-11-20). "25 Years Later, Memories of Shark Attack Remain Vivid". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2011-01-18.
  8. 1 2 3 4 Gilliam, Bret; Von Maier, Robert; Crea, John. (1992). Deep diving: an advanced guide to physiology, procedures and systems. Watersport Publishing, Inc. ISBN 0-922769-30-3.
  9. ↑ Hill Jr, RK; Gilliam, Bret C. (1990). "A comparison of the incidence of decompression sickness in men and women divers using decompression tables and diving computers for 77,680 dives.". In: Jaap, WC (ed). Advances in Underwater Science...90. Proceedings of the American Academy of Underwater Sciences Tenth annual scientific diving symposium. Retrieved 2012-01-08.
  10. 1 2 Cunningham, Leigh (2006). "Do it right" (PDF). X-ray Magazine. 14. Retrieved 2011-01-18.
  11. ↑ Mount, Tom; Gilliam, Bret (1993). Deep diving: an advanced guide to physiology, procedures and systems. Watersport Publishing, Inc. ISBN 0-922769-41-9.
  12. ↑ van Schaik, Verna (2008-05-21). "How Many Agencies can you Name?". All about technical diving. Retrieved 2011-01-13.
  13. ↑ Boan, C (2001-01-08). "Are you ready for trimix?". Dive Magazine.
  14. ↑ Lewis, Steve. "TDI/ SDI Press release (archived on "The Deco Stop" - requires log in)". Retrieved 2011-01-18.
  15. 1 2 3 4 Staff (April 2003). "Aladin Air X Nitrox Computers Recalled". Undercurrent. Retrieved 2011-01-18.
  16. ↑ Lewis, Steve (2008-11-18). "Fathoms Magazine Gone, Help". Scubaboard.com. Retrieved 2011-01-18.
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