Fila Brasileiro

Fila Brasileiro
Other names Brazilian Mastiff
Cão de fila brasileiro
Origin Brazil
Traits
Weight Male more than 50 kg (110 lb)
Female more than 40 kg (88 lb)
Height Male 65–75 cm (26–30 in)
Female 60–70 cm (24–28 in)
Coat Short
Color brindle, fawn, black
Life span 9 - 11 years
Classification / standards
FCI Group 2, Section 2.1 Molossian: Mastiff type #225 standard
CKC Miscellaneous List
The CKC Miscellaneous List is for breeds working towards full CKC recognition.
NZKC Utility standard
UKC Guardian Dogs
Domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris)

The Fila Brasileiro (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈfilɐ ˌbraziˈlejɾu]) also known as the Brazilian Mastiff is a large working breed of dog developed in Brazil. It is known for its superb tracking ability, aggressiveness and an unforgiving impetuous temperament. When a Brazilian Mastiff finds its quarry, it does not attack it, but rather holds it at bay until the hunter arrives. Owing to these qualities, the Brazilian Mastiff is used as a guard dog, as a shepherd dog for herding livestock and as a hunting dog for tracking and controlling large prey. When slavery was legal in Brazil, the Brazilian Mastiff was used to return fugitives unharmed to their slave masters. This breed has been banned in many countries because of its temperament and potential for aggression.

Etymology

The word "Filar" in Portuguese literally means "hold, arrest, grab". So "Cão de Fila"(Fila dog) or "Cão de filar" (remembering that on begin, the breed was also called "Cão de Fila brasileiro") suggests that it is a "Catch dog", a dog that "bites and not loose". Similar name is also found in two Portuguese dog breeds (possibly relatives of the Fila brasileiro): the Cão de Fila de São Miguel and the extinct Cão de fila da terceira.[1]

Appearance

Two Fila brasileiro

The Fila Brasileiro has Bloodhound ancestry that is evident in its long muzzle and pendulous skin. It is a Molosser breed with large bones and loose skin. The breed standard requires males to be between 65 and 75 cm (25.5 inches to 29.5 inches) high at the withers and weigh 50 to 82 kilograms (110 to 181 lb). Females are slightly smaller and are expected to be 60 to 70 cm (23.5 inches to 27.5 inches) high at the withers and weigh at least 41 kg (90 lbs). They have a rectangular build and though they are massive, their natural agility is apparent. The head is big and heavy with a deep muzzle. The ears are large, thick, tapered and either droop or fold back exposing the interior, depending on mood. Neck and back are well muscled, the chest is broad and deep. Unlike the vast majority of canines, the croup is higher than the withers. Legs are heavily boned. The skin is very distinctive of the breed as it is thick and loose all over the body, mainly in the region around the neck. The thick skin forms pronounced dewlaps. In many individuals, the dewlaps proceed to the chest and abdomen. Some dogs show a fold at the side of the head and also at the withers descending to the shoulders. The coat is short and dense and the texture is normally smooth and soft. Their colours vary from solid, brindle, mouse grey, patched, dappled or black and tan. They are almost never white. Typical colours are fawn, black and brindle. Brindles of a basic color may have the stripes of either less or with very strong intensity. Sometimes a black mask is present.

Though large in size, the Fila does not appear static. Rather it is harmonious, cat-like and above all powerful. The expression is noble, solemn, dignified but somewhat melancholic. The Fila appears self-assured and calm but is never absent in expression. When at attention, the gaze of the Fila Brasileiro is firm, alert and unwavering. Another typical characteristic of the breed is its gait, which is similar to that of a camel, moving two legs of one side at a time. The gait gives it a typical rolling lateral movement on the throat and the hindquarters which is accentuated when the dog's tail is raised. The head is typically lower than the backline. The characteristic carriage and gait has earned it great success in dog shows.

Coat

The coat of the Fila Brasileiro is smooth and short. Black, Fawns (Red, Apricot, or Dark), and Brindled (Fawn, Black, or Brown Brindle) colors are permitted, except Mouse-Grey, Black and Tan, Blue and Solid White. White markings, not exceeding 1/4 of the coat surface area, are permitted on the feet, chest, and the tip of the tail in the FCI standard.

History

A brindle Fila

The Fila Brasileiro is believed to be a descendant of the 15th-century English Mastiff, bloodhound, bulldog and Rafeiro do Alentejo. The Fila Brasileiro breed was bred and raised primarily on large plantations and cattle farms where they originated.

They were taught to chase down jaguars, cattle, and other animals, as well as runaway slaves. The dogs would grab the slave or animals by the neck and hold them until the farmer arrived. This instinct can be observed among puppies when they are playing.

The first written standard of the breed was edited in 1946. The Paulistas were responsible for organizing a planned breeding program and opening a stud book to register dogs. Dr. Paulo Santos Cruz began to systematically breed the Fila Brasileiro and also contributed largely in setting the CAFIB standard, and who now therefore, has the right to be called the "Father" of the Fila Brasileiro. About the registries, CBKC (Brazilian Confederation Kennel Club) follows the FCI (Federation Cynologique Internationale) policy and accepts for registration only dogs with FCI pedigrees, orienting the breeders to make a hip dysplasia control and besides other health problems. The Fila Brasileiro is described as a Brazilian Mastiff or a Brazilian Molosser. In the U.S., the OFA (Orthopedic Foundation for Animals) does a statistical registry of all Filas that were X-rayed to diagnose hip dysplasia.

The Brazilian army compared this breed to Doberman Pinschers and German Shepherds in a five-year study using these dogs in the jungle under extremely hostile conditions. The following traits were observed: intelligence, aggressiveness, sensibility, temperament, energy, resistance, rusticity and strength. German Shepherds were found to have the highest intelligence and Doberman Pinschers the highest level of aggression. The Fila Brasileiro was found to be superior in every other category.

Temperament

Fila brasileiro

The Brazilian Mastiffs are known to be naturally protective. It is also known for its extreme wariness of strangers and agility when protecting or defending its master. The dedication and obedience of the Fila Brasileiro has found its way into Brazilian saying "As faithful as a Fila"[2]

The Fila Brasileiro temperament is what characterizes the dog. The Portuguese word for their temperament is Ojeriza, which directly translated into English means dislike and distrust. The socialization period (about the first year with the first 6–8 months being the most important) of the dog's life is crucial to the temperament of the individual dog. If the pup is exposed to a lot of people in a positive manner (known as 'socializing'), the pup (keeping in mind the dog's natural protective instincts) can be encouraged to behave in a calm manner in public, but emphasis should be placed on the fact that socialization is done differently from other breeds. Despite extensive socialization, the fila is instinctively protective and will naturally guard and protect its owner, their family members and the family pets; this is not something that needs to be trained, it is an innate trait. Strangers should not be left unattended with a Fila and, like all other guardian breeds, it may not be the best choice for those who have frequent visitors to their homes. Lack of all socialization with strangers at a young age will result in a dog which is very anti-social.

Common ailments

Brazilian Mastiffs are prone to large breed ailments, including hip dysplasia, gastric torsion and elbow dysplasia. The dogs are often prone to bloat or gastric volvulus distension. These dogs require plenty of exercise and hence are not very well suited to city life. Open country with fenced yards are very good for the dogs as it gives them plenty of room to run and exercise.

Life expectancy

Filas are known to live up to about nine to eleven years.

In Fiji,[3] United Kingdom,[4] Denmark,[5] Norway,[6] Malta[7] and Cyprus[8] it is illegal to own any of these dogs without specific exemption from a court. In Australia, in the states of Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia and Western Australia the Fila is a restricted or proscribed breed. Imports are also prohibited. They are automatically classified as a dangerous dog in New Zealand and Trinidad & Tobago,[9] meaning they cannot be imported and males must be neutered.

See also

References

  1. ↑ http://www.dicio.com.br/filar/ Portuguese dictionary
  2. ↑ "Fila Brasileiro Community Portal". Retrieved 2013-04-01.
  3. ↑ "Fiji Pet Passport Regulations". Pet Travel, Inc. Retrieved 2017-03-27.
  4. ↑ UK Dangerous Dogs Act 1991
  5. ↑ "Vejledning om Hundelovens Forbudsordning". Justitsministeriet. 2010-07-01. Retrieved 2010-06-27.
  6. ↑ "Forskrift om hunder". Lovdata. 2009-08-25. Retrieved 2009-08-25.
  7. ↑ "Importation of Pets in Malta". MFGC. 2010-03-02. Archived from the original on 5 November 2009. Retrieved 2010-03-02.
  8. ↑ "Essential Animal Contacts". 2011-02-04. Retrieved 2011-02-04.
  9. ↑ http://www.ttparliament.org/legislations/a2000-32.pdf
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