Heineken brands

Dutch Heineken bottle

Heineken International is a group which owns a worldwide portfolio of over 170 beer brands, mainly pale lager, though some other beer styles are produced. As of 2006, Heineken owns over 125 breweries in more than 70 countries and employs approximately 57,557[1] people.

The two largest brands are Heineken and Tecate; though the portfolio includes Amstel, Fosters (in Europe and Vietnam), Sagres, Cruzcampo, Skopsko, Affligem, Żywiec, Starobrno, Zagorka, Zlatý Bažant and Birra Moretti.[2]

Heineken

Bottle label of Heineken Lager Beer

Heineken Lager Beer is the flagship product of the company. It is a 5% abv pale lager that was first made in 1868. It is brewed by 40 breweries in 39 countries around the world. In 2006 2.58 billion litres of Heineken was produced.[1] Since 1975 most Heineken beer is brewed in the Heineken brewery in Zoeterwoude, Netherlands.[3]

Other beers produced under the Heineken brand name include:

Buckler

Buckler is a low alcohol (0.5% abv) pale lager. It was launched in the summer of 1988, and is distributed worldwide. There was a recall in 2004 due to a fault in the pasteurising process.[4] Buckler is no longer available in the Netherlands (Heineken's home market) after the brand's image declined following Dutch comedian Youp van 't Hek mocking the brand (and its consumers) in a show in 1989.[5]

Buckler was the beverage of choice for US Vice President Joe Biden at the "Beer Summit" with Henry Louis Gates, Joe Crowley and President Barack Obama. The event was the result of the controversial arrest of Henry Louis Gates, which gained national attention regarding law enforcement racial profiling.[6]

Former US President George W. Bush, who claimed that he gave up drinking alcoholic beverages after turning 40, drank Buckler while relaxing with Chancellor of Germany Angela Merkel and British Prime Minister Tony Blair on June 8, 2007 during a break in the G8 summit.[7]

Subsidiaries' brands

Europe

Heineken Italy

Heineken's Italian operation began in 1974 with the acquisition of the Dreher brewery. In 1996 it added the Moretti brewery. Heineken Italy has six brewing plants producing over 575 million litres of beer, and employs over 1,000 people. Its plants are: Pollein (AO), Massafra (TA), Messina, Comun Nuovo (BG), Assemini (CA).[8]

Birra Dreher

Birra Dreher was founded in Trieste in 1896. It was bought by Heineken in 1974.[9]

Birra Ichnusa

Heineken also purchased Birra Ichnusa, a brewery founded in 1912 in Assemini, a town near the Sardinian capital Cagliari. It is named after the Latinized ancient name Sardinia, Hyknusa.[10]

Birra Moretti

Birra Moretti was founded in Udine in 1859 by Luigi Moretti. Heineken acquired the company in 1996, selling the brewing plant to the new Castello beer company.[11]

There are eight beers under the Birra Moretti brand.[12] Birra Moretti is the main brand, a 4.6% abv pale lager launched in 1859; followed by La Rossa is a 7.2% strong dark lager or dunkel. Other brands include Doppio Malto, Baffo d'Oro, and Sans Souci.

A number of bottled beers named after regions of Italy, have also been introduced, such as Piemontese, a 5.5%ABV fruit beer.

Affligem Brewery

The Op-Ale brewery in Opwijk, Belgium was licensed by the Affligem Abbey to brew beers under the Affligem Abbey brand name, along with their own Op-Ale, as well as beers under the brand name of the Postel Abbey.[13] Affligem was taken over by Heineken who renamed it the Affligem brewery.

The brewery produces a range of beers,[14] including Affligem Blonde, a 6.8% pale ale; Affligem Dubbel, a 7% dubbel, Affligem Tripel, a 9.5% tripel and Affligem Patersvat, a 6.8% belgian ale.

Athenian Brewery

Amstel, Heineken, Athenian, Alfa Hellenic, Fischer, Marathon, Zorbas[15] Athenian Brewery S.A. is one of the most important beer producers and traders in Greece. It was established in 1963 by a group of Greek entrepreneurs and is a member of Heineken Group N. V. In 1965, the first plant started its operation in Athens, producing Amstel beer. The second plant was inaugurated in 1974 in Thessaloniki, expanding the production, whereas Amstel became one of the most famous beers in the Greek market, just like it still is today. In 1981, Athenian Brewery started Heineken beer's production in Greece, while a third plant started operating in Patra.

Amstel Brewery

The Amstel brewery was founded in 1870 in Amsterdam, Netherlands. It was taken over by Heineken in 1968, and the brewing plant closed down in 1972,[16] with production moving to the main Heineken plant at Zoeterwoude.

Heineken offer several beers under the Amstel brand.[17] Amstel Lager uses predominantly pilsener malt, although some Vienna malt is also used. It is sold in 75 countries. Amstel Light is a 3.5% abv pale lager. Amstel 1870 is a slightly dark 5% abv lager. In France a beer called Amstel Free, with minimal alcohol content - about 1% abv, is produced.

Beamish & Crawford

Beamish & Crawford in Cork brews both an Irish stout and a red ale. It has been part of Heineken since 2009.

Bochkarev Brewery

Bochkarev (Russian: Бочкарев) is a Russian brewery that started as a soft drinks company called Bravo, opening a brewery in St Petersburg in 1988.

In 1993 a group of Icelandic businessmen founded a bottling plant in Saint Petersburg, which was later sold to Pepsi. Since 1995 the company named "Bravo International" launched production of alcoholic long drinks and lemonades under "Bravo" brand at its new site.

In 1998 "Bravo International" started construction of a brewery in Saint Petersburg, where in February 1999 "Bochkarev" beer was first brewed.[18]

In 2002 Bravo sold its brewing business to Heineken.[19] Since 2004 Bochkarev is brewed also under license in Almaty brewery Tyan Shan; since 2006 its production started at a newly acquired PIT brewery in Kaliningrad. On top of that the beer has been available for export mainly in CIS countries and those with a notable number of Russian expats.

The assortment range includes the following beer types:

Brand Brewery

Brand Brewery is a Dutch brewery founded in 1871 by the Brand family in Wijlre. The name comes from the Brand family which in 1871 purchased the Netherlands' oldest brewery (1340) and remained in management after its acquisition by Heineken.[20]

The brewery produces eight beers. Brand Pils is a 5.0% abv pale lager made since 1902. It is sold in the United States as Royal Brand Beer; Brand Urtyp is a 5.5% abv pale lager introduced in 1952 and claimed to be based on the Pilsener recipe from 1842 - Urtyp stands for "original"; Brand Oud Bruin (Brand Old Brown) is a 3.5% abv brown ale; Brand Cuvée a 5.5% abv top fermenting pale lager;[21] Brand Imperator (since 1949) - 6.5% abv - amber colored, full malted premium beer; Brand Meibock (since 1994) a 6.5% abv goldbrown Spring seasonal beer; Brand Dubbelbock (since 1987) a 7.5% abv Autumn seasonal beer; Brand Sylvester (since 1984) a 7.5% abv Winter seasonal beer.

Caledonian Brewery

Caledonian Brewery is a Scottish brewery founded in 1869 in Edinburgh, primarily specialising in Scottish ale. Between 2004-2008, the brewery was bought by Scottish and Newcastle.

Central de Cervejas brewery

Sociedade Central de Cervejas (SCC) is a Portuguese brewery, founded in 1934. Its main output is the Sagres brand of beers. The company has been controlled since April 2008 by Heineken. SCC produces a range of beers, mainly pale lagers.[22] Sagres brand was born in 1940 as a prestige beer, to represent Sociedade Central de Cervejas at the Portuguese World Exhibition inaugurated in May 1940. Sagres is named after a town of the same name, a small village located in the most south-westerly point of Europe, and where sailors learned all about the navigation science. With a similar fate to the caravels that left from Lisbon to faraway lands, Sagres was the first beer to be exported, arriving first in Gibraltar, and moving on to the Azores and the Overseas Territories of Angola, Cape Verde Islands, Guinea Bissau, Sao Tomé and Principe, Timor, Goa, Macau and Mozambique. Nowadays Sagres beer is present in almost every corner of the world, wherever there is a Portuguese community. [23]

Sagres beers made:

Cruzcampo Brewery

Cerveza Cruzcampo

Cruzcampo is considered to be the biggest beer producer in Spain. Founded in 1904 by Roberto Osborne and Agustín Osborne in Seville, takes the name of La Cruz del Campo (The Cross of the Field), which used to be a cross in the middle of the field, which still stands today next to the brewery in Seville.[24]

Nowadays it is part of the Heineken corporation who bought it from Guinness. Cruzcampo can be found anywhere in Spain, but it is in Andalusia where it is most consumed. It has breweries in Seville, Madrid, Valencia, Jaén and Arano. The actual logo is the figure of Gambrinus, who is the legendary creator of beer, since 1926. Before it was the original cross in the field.[25]

Cruzcampo is the sponsor of the Spanish national football team.

Beers also made:

De Ridder Brewery

The De Ridder brewery in Maastricht was taken over by Heineken and closed in 2002.[26] Wieckse Witte, a 5% abv white beer, was introduced in 1988.[27]

a glass of Fürstenberg

Fürstenberg Brewery

The Princely Fürstenberg Brewery (Fürstlich Fürstenbergische Brauerei KG) was founded in Donaueschingen, Germany in 1283 by the Princely House of Fürstenberg. Heineken acquired the brewery in October 2004 through their Brau Holding International AG company which is co-owned by Schörghuber.[28]

The brewery produces Fürstenberg Gold,[29] and Qowaz, a drink made from a mix of wheat beer, cola and lemongrass.[30]

Karlovačko Brewery

The Karlovačko Brewery (hr: Karlovačka pivovara, shortform Karlovačko) is a Croatian brewery, founded in 1854 by local landowner Baron Nikola Vranyczany in the town of Karlovac. In 2003, Heineken International acquired a majority stake.

As of December 2006, the following beers are brewed regularly by Karlovačko:

Krušovice Brewery

A beer bottle of Krusovice beer

The Royal Brewery of Krušovice (cs: Královský pivovar Krušovice, shortform Krušovice) is a Czech brewery, established in 1581 by Jiří Birka in the village of Krušovice.[31] The brewery gained a contract to provide beer to Emperor Rudolf II in 1583, allowing them to use the Imperial Crown of Austria as part of the company's logo. The company was acquired by Heineken in July 2007.[32]

As of December 2006, the following beers are brewed regularly by Krusovice:

Murphy's Brewery

A glass of Murphy's Irish Red

Murphy's brewery was founded in Cork, Ireland in 1856. It was known as Lady's Well Brewery until it was purchased by Heineken in 1983, when the name changed to Murphy Heineken Brewery Ireland Ltd.

The two most notable brands are Murphy's Irish Stout, a 4.3% Irish stout, and Murphy's Irish Red, a 5% Irish ale.[33]

France

Brasserie Pelforth (Pelforth brewery)
Pelforth Brune
25 cl bottle of Pelforth Brune

Pelforth is a French brewery founded in 1914 in Mons-en-Barœul by three Lillois brewers. It was originally called Pelican, after a dance popular at the time. Production was stopped during World War II, restarting in 1950. The brewery name was changed in 1972 to Pelforth. It was bought by Français de Brasserie in 1986, which was acquired by Heineken International in 1988. The brewery produces the Pelforth brand of beers:[34]

Pelforth, an ale, was first brewed in 1935 using two different types of malt and English yeast. The name came from "Pel" for pelican, "forte" for strong, because it contains a lot of malt (43 kg/hL), and the h added to give it an English feel. In addition to the Blonde (5.8% abv) and Brune (6.5% abv), Pelforth Amber (6% abv) was introduced in 2003. The Pelforth brewery also produces George Killian's, a 6.5% amber or Irish ale. Among connoisseurs, it is "famous for its strong speciality beers".[35]

Skopje Brewery

The Skopje Brewery (Macedonian: Пивара Скопје, Pivara Skopje) is a Macedonian brewery in Skopje. It is a joint venture between Coca-Cola HBC AG and Heineken International.[36]

Skopje brews the premium brand beer Skopsko as well as Gorsko.[37]

Skopsko (Cyrillic: Скопско) is a 4.9% pale lager introduced in 1924. The ingredients are water; barley malt; unmalted cereals; hops; and brewers yeast.[38] The advertising slogan is "Our Best" (Macedonian: Нашето најдобро!).

Starobrno Brewery

A selection of Starobrno beers

Starobrno (Pivovar Starobrno), is a brewery in Brno, Czech Republic, founded in 1325 by the Old Brno monastery. It is now owned by Heineken.[39] The main brand is Starobrno, a 5% abv pale lager.

Zagorka Brewery

A bottle of Zagorka

The Zagorka brewery was founded in 1902 and is based in Stara Zagora, Bulgaria. In the mid-1990s Zagorka became a fully owned subsidiary of Heineken. The brewery brews various Heineken brands for distribution within Bulgaria, and three exclusive brands:[40] Zagorka (Bulgarian: Загорка, 5% abv), named after the brewery's home city of Stara Zagora; and Stolichno (a 6.5% abv strong dark lager or bock) and Ariana (a 4.5% pale lager), both originally produced in Sofia by the Ariana Brewery.[41]

Zlatý Bažant Brewery

Zlatý Bažant brewery was founded in 1969[42] in Slovakia, then bought by Heineken in 1995.[43][44] There are several brands,[45] among them Zlatý Bažant 12° (Golden Pheasant), a 5% abv (12 degrees Plato) pale lager, and Kelt 12°, another 5% pale lager.

Żywiec Brewery

ŻywiecPorter

Żywiec Brewery was founded in 1852 by the Habsburg family in Żywiec in Silesia, Poland. It was nationalised after the Second World War. The brewery was acquired by Heineken in the mid-1990s along with the Warszawskie Brewery, Warsaw.[46]

The brewery produces several brands of beer, usually pale lagers of varying strengths from usually 10.5° to 14° Balling or 4-6% alcohol, including:

Africa

Al Ahram Brewery

Stella Lager, brewed in Egypt

Al Ahram (Al Ahram Beverages Company or ABC) is an Egyptian brewery previously in Giza, Egypt and currently in Obour City, founded in 1897. The company was nationalized in 1963 during the tenure of Egypt's second president, Gamal Abdel Nasser.[47] It was privatized in 1997.[48] It was bought by Heineken International in 2002.[49]

ABC produces the local brands[50] along with a range of soft drinks.

Local Beers

The iconic lager beer of Egypt, Stella Local, received a Gold Award at the 2011 World Quality Selections, organized by the International Quality Institute Monde Selection.[51] (This should not be confused with Stella Artois, a widely sold lager of Belgian origin.)

A bottle Sakara Weizen

Non Alcoholic Beverages

Export Beer:

RTD Beverages

Bralima Brewery

Nigerian Breweries

Nigerian Breweries is the largest brewing company in Nigeria with eight brewing plants. Heineken acquired a 54.2% majority interest in 2000.[52] The company is publicly traded on the Nigerian Stock Exchange with the symbol NB[53] The company was established in 1946, with the Lagos brewery being completed in 1949, followed by Aba brewery in 1957, Kaduna brewery in 1963, and Ibadan brewery in 1982. The Enugu brewery was built in 1993 and closed in 2004.

The Ama Greenfield brewery in Umuezeani Village, Enugu State was completed in 2003, with the first production run finishing on April 24. Ama brewery is the biggest brewery in Nigeria, and boasts state of the art manufacturing equipment. It is designed to have a production capacity of 300 million litres, six times larger than that of the Enugu brewery. As a gift to the community, Nigerian Breweries also completed several local projects, including a fish pond, a well for water, a market and a community center. Nigerian Breweries also spent ₦2 million on renovations to the traditional ruler's palace.[54]

Products include Gulder, Legend Extra Stout and Star Lager which are made with a proportion of sorghum.[55] Nigerian Breweries also markets Maltina and Amstel malt drinks, as well as Heineken Beer in Nigeria. In 2003, the company announced that it was restarting its export business with a focus on markets in West Africa, Europe, and America[56]

Sedibeng Brewery

Heineken entered the South African beer market by building a large greenfields brewery in Midvaal south of Johannesburg. This is a joint venture with Diageo (who own 25%) and was opened in 2010.[57]

Brands produced here:

Asia

Almaza Brewery

Almaza beer.

Almaza (Brasserie Almaza S.A.L.) is a Lebanese brewery, founded in 1933 in Bauchrieh by Lebanese shareholders, mainly the Jabre family, the Almaza Brewery was initially called Brasserie Franco-Libano-Syrienne. Almaza began with a capital of 50 000 Lebano-Syrian Pounds (the currency in circulation in that year); today its capital is 35 billion LBP.[58]

In 1950, the name of the brewery changed to Brasserie et Malterie Almaza. In 1960, the second generation of shareholders took over the management of the brewery. After the Lebanese Civil War in the 1990s the brewery took its final name: Brasserie Almaza S.A.L.

Almaza exports to Canada, the United States, United Kingdom, France, Australia and in the Persian Gulf countries. The malt beverage Malta and its derivatives are currently available in the market. [59][60]

Beers:

Partnership with Fraser & Neave

Heineken and Fraser & Neave set up Malayan Breweries in 1931.[61] In 1990, Malayan Breweries changed to its present name, Asia Pacific Breweries (APB) and acquired 90% of DB Breweries in 2004.[62]

Asia Pacific Breweries

Launched in 1932, Tiger Beer became Singapore's first locally brewed beer.[63] It is a 5% abv bottled pale lager. As APB's exclusive flagship brand, it is available in more than 60 countries worldwide.

Reeb is a brand of beer produced by Asia Pacific Breweries. Reeb is "beer" spelled backwards. Its Chinese brand name is 力波啤酒. The first two characters 力波 (meaning "strong wave", pronounced libo) are the closest pronunciation there is in Chinese to Reeb. Reeb's distribution is primarily in the Shanghai area.[64]

Oceania

DB Breweries

Tui beer

DB Breweries is a New Zealand brewing company founded in 1930 by Sir Henry Kelliher and Morton W. Coutts in Otahuhu.[65] Asia Pacific Breweries acquired 90% of DB Breweries in 2004.[62]

There are several beers produced under the DB brand,[66] including DB Draught, a 4% amber coloured lager;[67] Export Gold a 4% pale lager

Export Gold was first brewed as DB Export as a result of the "Black Budget" from then Minister of Finance Arnold Nordmeyer which imposed extremely high duty on imported premium lagers, though the extent to which the 'black budget' influenced the creation of DB Export is currently under dispute.[68] DB Export was initially brewed as a 5.4% premium lager and with "Export" in the title to compete with international premium lagers. Since then, Export Gold has won several awards at various brewing awards. In 1994 as a result of winning 3 Gold Medals the name was changed from DB Export to DB Export Gold. In 1998 the name was changed again simply to Export Gold.[69][70]

Tui Brewery

The Tui Brewery was established in 1889 in Mangatainoka in the Wairarapa region of North Island New Zealand by Henry Wagstaff and Edward Lyons Russell; it was taken over by DB Breweries in 1969.[71] The brewery tower is shown in advertising campaigns for Tui Beer which feature a statement, such as "War will bring peace" followed by the dismissive tag line "Yeah right". Tui East India Pale Ale (Tui), a 4% amber lager, is the main brand.[72]

Monteith's

Monteith's Brewery Company was originally a family-owned brewery on New Zealand's South Island West coast. DB Breweries bought it and closed its Greymouth brewery in 2001; this was since reopened, however, and production also takes place at Auckland.

References

  1. 1 2 "Annual Report 2006" (PDF). Heineken International. Heineken. Retrieved 2007-04-28.
  2. ↑ "Heineken International Brands". Heineken International. Heineken International. Retrieved 2007-04-28.
  3. ↑ "Heineken geschiedenis". www.heineken.nl. Heineken. Retrieved 2007-04-28. External link in |work= (help)
  4. ↑ "Heineken USA Recalls Buckler Non-Alcohol Brew". Fda.gov. 2008-10-15. Retrieved 2012-09-24.
  5. ↑ Contexts of metaphor - Google Books. books.google.co.uk. Retrieved 2009-06-29.
  6. ↑ James, Frank (2009-07-30). "Obama Beer Photo Op Now White House History". Npr.org. Retrieved 2012-09-24.
  7. ↑
  8. ↑ "Heineken in Italia". Mondo Birra. Retrieved 2012-09-24.
  9. ↑ "Birreria di Pedavena - The history". Birreriapedavena.info. Retrieved 2012-09-24.
  10. ↑ "Birra Ichnusa - Bionda sardegna, la migliore birra sarda". Birraichnusa.it. Retrieved 2012-09-24.
  11. ↑ "Birra Moretti". Retrieved 11 August 2010.
  12. ↑ "Birra Moretti (Heineken)". Ratebeer.com. Retrieved 2012-09-24.
  13. ↑ "Affligem".
  14. ↑ "Brouwerij Affligem / De Smedt (Heineken)".
  15. ↑ "Athenian Brewery".
  16. ↑ "Dutch Breweries (and all the beers they brew)". Xs4all.nl. Retrieved 2012-09-24.
  17. ↑ "Heineken Nederland". Ratebeer.com. Retrieved 2012-09-24.
  18. ↑ "Бочкарев". Bochkarev.ru. Retrieved 2012-09-24.
  19. ↑ "The St. Petersburg Times - Top Stories - Heineken Seals $400M Bravo Deal". Sptimes.ru. 2002-02-05. Retrieved 2012-09-24.
  20. ↑ Flören, Roberto Hans; Jansen, S.F. (2007). Ondernemerschap en het familiebedrijf : de tien oudste familiebedrijven van Nederland [Entrepreneurship and Family Business: The Ten Oldest Families of the Netherlands]. Accountant & familiebedrijf (in Dutch). Wolters Kluwer. p. 37. ISBN 978-9-0130-4749-3. OCLC 212250325. Retrieved 7 January 2015.
  21. ↑ "Dutch Breweries (and all the beers they brew)". Europeanbeerguide.net. 2007-01-23. Retrieved 2012-09-24.
  22. ↑ "Sociedade Central de Cervejas e Bebidas SA (SCC)". New Media Manager SCC. Retrieved 2011-09-26.
  23. ↑ "Sagres Beer from SCC, Portugal". New Media Manager SCC. Retrieved 2011-09-26.
  24. ↑ "Deal on Beer Paraphernalia". Todocerveza.com. Retrieved 2012-09-24.
  25. ↑ Cruzcampo Archived October 5, 2007, at the Wayback Machine.
  26. ↑ "Dossier De Ridder". www.pint.nl. Vereniging PINT. Retrieved 2007-05-01. External link in |work= (help)
  27. ↑ "Wieckse Witte".
  28. ↑ "Heineken International Heineken acquires Fürstlich Fürstenbergische". Heinekeninternational.com. Retrieved 2012-09-24.
  29. ↑ "Fürstlich Fürstenbergische Brauerei GmbH & Co. Kg - Intro". Fuerstenberg.de. Retrieved 2012-09-24.
  30. ↑ "Qowaz. Prickelt und zischt wie grad gemischt". Qowaz.de. Retrieved 2012-09-24.
  31. ↑ "The Royal Brewery of Krušovice".
  32. ↑ "Heineken acquires Krusovice Brewery in Czech Republic". EuroInvestor.co.uk. 2007-06-14. Retrieved 2012-09-24.
  33. ↑ "Welcome to Murphys Online". Murphys.com. Retrieved 2012-09-24.
  34. ↑ "Brasseries Heineken (Pelforth)". Frenchbeer.info. Retrieved 2012-09-24.
  35. ↑ Brian Glover, The Complete Handbook of Beers and Brewing, 2003, p189
  36. ↑ "Pivara Skopje".
  37. ↑ "Pivara Skopje". Pivara Skopje. Retrieved 2016-11-23.
  38. ↑ "Skopsko Svetlo Pivo from Pivara Skopje (Heineken), a Pale Lager style beer: An unofficial page for Skopsko Svetlo Pivo from Pivara Skopje (Heineken) in Skopje, Macedonia". Ratebeer.com. Retrieved 2012-09-24.
  39. ↑ Starobrno, A.S Archived August 11, 2007, at the Wayback Machine.
  40. ↑ "Pivovarna Zagorka (Heineken)". Ratebeer.com. Retrieved 2012-09-24.
  41. ↑ "Heineken Zagorka Brewery Stolichno". Corp.zagorka.bg. Retrieved 2012-08-17.
  42. ↑ http://www.zlatybazant.sk/historia
  43. ↑ "The Breweries of Slovakia and all the beers they brew". Europeanbeerguide.net. Retrieved 2012-09-24.
  44. ↑ "Zlatý Bažant - To najlepšie čo doma máme". Zlatybazant.sk. Retrieved 2012-09-24.
  45. ↑ "Zlaty Bazant (Heineken)". Ratebeer.com. Retrieved 2012-09-24.
  46. ↑ "Polish Breweries".
  47. ↑ "?". Retrieved 11 August 2010.
  48. ↑ "Al Ahram Beverages Company | company profile, background, key figures". Ameinfo.com. 2012-06-20. Retrieved 2012-09-25.
  49. ↑ "Welcome To Al Ahram Beverages Web Site". Alahrambeverages.com. Retrieved 2012-09-24.
  50. ↑ "Al Ahram (Heineken)". Ratebeer.com. Retrieved 2012-09-24.
  51. ↑ Stella brings home the gold The Monde Selection Gold Award, ladybirdmagazine.com
  52. ↑ "Heineken takes Majority in Nigerian Breweries". Heinekeninternational.com. Retrieved 2012-09-24.
  53. ↑ "Nigerian Breweries PLC at AfricanSelect". Africanselect.com. Retrieved 2012-09-24.
  54. ↑ Waiting for the Brewing Pasture of Ama Greenfield Archived October 13, 2008, at the Wayback Machine.
  55. ↑ "Nigerian Breweries PLC (Heineken)". Ratebeer.com. Retrieved 2012-09-24.
  56. ↑ "Nigerian Breweries eyes Export Markets". Fingaz.co.zw. Retrieved 2012-09-24.
  57. ↑ "Sedibeng brewery comes on stream - Mail & Guardian Online". Mg.co.za. 2010-03-25. Retrieved 2012-08-17.
  58. ↑ Almaza-beer.com Archived November 5, 2003, at Archive.is
  59. ↑ Almaza Beer. "?".
  60. ↑ "Brasserie Almazal Beyrouth".
  61. ↑ "Asia Pacific Breweries Limited - Company History". Fundinguniverse.com. Retrieved 2012-09-24.
  62. 1 2 "Asia Pacific completes takeover of DB Breweries". Modern Brewery Age. 2004.
  63. ↑ http://www.tigerbeer.com, The Name Behind the Brand, Milestones
  64. ↑ "Reeb Tavern – English history of Reeb Beer".
  65. ↑ "Sir Henry Kelliher". September 6, 1997. Archived from the original on December 9, 2007. Retrieved 2007-07-05.
  66. ↑ "DB Breweries (Asia Pacific Breweries-Heineken)". Ratebeer.com. Retrieved 2012-09-24.
  67. ↑ "?".
  68. ↑ "DB ordered to pull 'Black Budget' beer ads". New Zealand Herald. February 11, 2011. Retrieved February 11, 2011.
  69. ↑ "Export Gold". Export Gold. Archived from the original on 2008-08-28. Retrieved 2012-09-24.
  70. ↑ "?".
  71. ↑ "?". DB Breweries - Acquired in 1969, the Tui Brewery at Mangatainoka underwent a massive modernisation programme during the following decades. Today Tui Brewery is a significant employer in the local community and supports many local events throughout the region.
  72. ↑ "?".
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