Brachiocephalic vein

Brachiocephalic vein
The thyroid gland and its relations. (Label for "Right innom. vein" and "Left innom. vein" visible at bottom center.)
The arch of the aorta, and its branches. (Right innom. vein labeled at upper right; left innominate vein labeled at center top.)
Details
Source	Internal jugular subclavian superior intercostal vertebral inferior thyroid
Drains to	Superior vena cava
Artery	Brachiocephalic artery
Identifiers
Latin	vena brachiocephalica vena anonyma
MeSH	A07.231.908.130
Dorlands /Elsevier	v_04/12847276
TA	A12.3.04.001
FMA	4723
*Anatomical terminology*

The left and right brachiocephalic veins (or innominate veins) in the upper chest are formed by the union of each corresponding internal jugular vein and subclavian vein. This is at the level of the sternoclavicular joint.^[1] The left brachiocephalic vein is usually longer than the right.

These veins merge to form the superior vena cava, a great vessel, posterior to the junction of the first costal cartilage with the manubrium sternum.

The brachiocephalic veins are the major veins returning blood to the superior vena cava.

Tributaries

Veins of the thoracic and abdominal regions

The brachiocephalic vein is formed by the confluence of the subclavian and internal jugular veins. In addition it receives drainage from:

Left and right internal thoracic veins (Also called internal mammary veins): drain into the inferior border of their corresponding vein
Left and right inferior thyroid veins: drain into the superior aspect of their corresponding veins near the confluence
Left superior intercostal vein: drains into the left brachiocephalic vein^[2]

Embryological Origin

The left brachiocephalic vein forms from the anastomosis formed between the left and right anterior cardinal veins when the caudal portion of the left anterior cardinal vein degenerates.

Additional images

Diagram showing completion of development of the parietal veins.
Front view of heart and lungs.
The fascia and middle thyroid veins.
Right Brachiocephalic vein
Right& Left Brachiocephalic vein
Right& Left Brachiocephalic vein
The brachiocephalic veins, superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, azygos vein and their tributaries.

References

↑ Chitnis, Cumberbatch, Gankande. Practice Papers for MCEM Part A, Wiley-Blackwell 2010
↑ Ryan, McNicholas & Eustace "Anatomy for Diagnostic Imaging: 3rd Edition"

Veins of the head and neck

External jugular

Retromandibular	maxillary pterygoid plexus superficial temporal anterior auricular
Direct	posterior auricular transverse cervical suprascapular anterior jugular jugular venous arch

Internal jugular

Diploic/brain

Cerebral

Superficial:	superior superficial middle inferior inferior anastomotic (Labbé) superior anastomotic (Trolard)
Deep:	great internal basal deep middle superior thalamostriate

Cerebellar

Sinuses

To COS	superior sagittal straight inferior sagittal occipital
To CS	sphenoparietal intercavernous superior ophthalmic ethmoidal central retinal nasofrontal vorticose veins inferior ophthalmic
To IJV	sigmoid: transverse petrosquamous superior petrosal inferior petrosal basilar plexus internal auditory veins condylar

Facial/common facial

Direct

Brachiocephalic

Vertebral	occipital occipital emissary suboccipital venous plexus deep cervical
Direct	inferior thyroid inferior laryngeal thymic

Veins of the thorax and vertebral column

Thorax

Coronary

Coronary sinus	Great cardiac (Left marginal) Posterior of the left ventricle Oblique of the left atrium (Ligament of the left vena cava) Middle cardiac
Small cardiac vein	Anterior cardiac (Right marginal)
Smallest cardiac veins	Right atrial veins Right ventricular veins

Pulmonary

superior
vena cava

Brachiocephalic	internal thoracic anterior intercostal superior epigastric left superior intercostal supreme vertebral subclavian axillary: lateral thoracic thoracoepigastric dorsal scapular external jugular pericardiacophrenic internal jugular
Azygos	right superior intercostal bronchial intercostal/posterior intercostal 5-11 accessory hemiazygos/hemiazygos superior phrenic

Vertebral column

vertebral venous plexuses
- external
- internal
spinal
- posterior
- anterior
basivertebral
intervertebral

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