Bombardment of Ancona

Austro-Hungarian dreadnoughts at Pula

Date	23–24 May 1915
Location	Ancona and surrounding seas and islands, Adriatic Sea
Result	Austro-Hungarian victory

Belligerents

Austria-Hungary

Kingdom of Italy

Strength

3 dreadnought battleships
8 pre-dreadnought battleships
2 light cruisers
9+ destroyers
8+ torpedo boats

1 destroyer
2 airships
1 flying boat

Casualties and losses

unknown human casualties,
light damage sustained by fleet

63 dead,
1 destroyer damaged,
1 airship damaged,
Severe damage to civilian infrastructure and coastal military installations

Mediterranean Operations 1914–1918
Goeben and Breslau Dardanelles U-boat Campaign Convoy operations Blockade of Europe Adriatic Campaign Antivari Ancona 1st Durazzo Strait of Otranto USN operations Imbros 8 May 1918 2nd Durazzo Pula

The Bombardment of Ancona was a naval engagement of the Adriatic Campaign of World War I between the navies of Italy and Austria-Hungary. Forces of the Imperial and Royal Navy attacked and bombarded military and civilian targets all across Ancona in central Italy and several other nearby islands and communities in response to Italy's declaration of war on Austria-Hungary.

When Italy declared war against Austria-Hungary on 23 May 1915, the Austrian fleet was quick to react; the navy launched several attacks on the Marche region of Italy. That day, the destroyer SMS Dinara and torpedo boat Tb 53T bombarded the port of Ancona. The destroyer SMS Lika, on a reconnaissance mission between Palagruža and Cape Gargano, shelled the semaphore and radio station at Vieste. Defending those waters at the time was the Italian destroyer Turbine. A small duel commenced with Lika coming out as the victor, damaging the enemy destroyer.

The next day on May 24, the majority of the Austrian fleet at Pula steamed for the Adriatic coast of Italy. This included the dreadnoughts SMS Viribus Unitis, Tegetthoff, Prinz Eugen and eight pre-dreadnoughts. Other Austro-Hungarian ships were already in enemy waters or proceeding to the Ancona coast themselves. The fleet bombarded several of the Italian coastal cities and other targets in and around the Province of Ancona, especially damaging the city of Ancona.

SMS Tegetthoff and the destroyer SMS Velebit shelled the Italian airship Città di Ferrara off Ancona. The pre-dreadnought SMS Radetzky and two torpedo boats bombarded Potenza Picena, then returned to Pula naval base. The pre-dreadnought SMS Zrínyi—along with two more torpedo boats—bombarded Senigallia, destroying a train and damaging a railway station and a bridge, before returning to Pula. The torpedo boat SMS Tb 3 was unsuccessfully bombed by an Italian flying boat.

Austrian light cruiser SMS Admiral Spaun bombarded the Italian signal station at Cretaccio Island, while SMS Sankt Georg—with two torpedo boats—shelled Rimini, damaging a freight train. The destroyer SMS Streiter attacked the signal station near Torre di Mileto. The light cruiser SMS Novara, a destroyer and two torpedo boats entered Corsini Channel and shelled an Italian torpedo boat station, another semaphore station, and few batteries of coastal artillery.

The light cruiser SMS Helgoland—supported by four destroyers—ran into the Italian destroyer Turbine, in a pitched battle south of Pelagosa. The destroyer SMS Tatra shelled the railway embankment near Manfredonia while the destroyer SMS Csepel shelled the Manfredonia railway station. Finally Austro-Hungarian flying boats dropped ordnance on Venice and seaplane hangars at Chiaravalle.

Heavy damage was inflicted by the Austrian navy, and 63 people, both Italian military and civilian personnel, died in Ancona alone.^[1] Austrian casualties were minimal if any. The war in the Adriatic Sea continued, culminating in a large British blockade to try to stop the attacking Austro-Hungarian fleet. The "Otranto Barrage" would be raided by the Austro-Hungarians, several times throughout the war.

Map of the province of Ancona.

Notes

↑ Grga Novak, Jadransko more u sukobima i borbama kroz stoljeća, book 2, Split, 2004 (in Croatian)

Coordinates: 43°41′9″N 13°33′9″E / 43.68583°N 13.55250°E / 43.68583; 13.55250

Bibliography

Literature

Gardiner, Robert, ed. (1985). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships, 1906–1921. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-0-87021-907-8. OCLC 12119866.
Tarrant, V. E. (1989). The U-Boat Offensive: 1914–1945. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-0-87021-764-7. OCLC 20338385.
Baumgartner, Lothar; Erwin Sieche (1999). Die Schiffe der k.(u.)k. Kriegsmarine im Bild=Austro-Hungarian warships in photographs (in German). Wien: Verlagsbuchhandlung Stöhr. ISBN 978-3-901208-25-6. OCLC 43596931.
Sakmyster, Thomas L. (1994). Hungary’s Admiral on Horseback. Boulder, CO: East European Monographs. ISBN 0-88033-293-X.
Montgomery, John Flournoy (1947). The Unwilling Satellite. New York: The Devin-Adair Company. ISBN 1-931313-57-1.
Rutter, Owen (1938). Regent of Hungary: The Authorized Life of Admiral Nicholas Horthy. London: Rich and Cowan.

External links

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