Bolivia–Denmark relations

Bolivia-Denmark relations

Bolivia
Denmark

Bolivia–Denmark relations refers to the current and historical relations between Bolivia and Denmark. Bolivia has an embassy in Copenhagen,[1] and Denmark has an embassy in La Paz.[2]

Country comparison

Bolivia Denmark
Population 10,027,254 (2012)[3] 5,627,235 (2014)[4]
Area 1,098,581 km2 (2012)[5] 42,916 km2 (2014)[4]
Density 9.13/km2 (2012) 131.12/km2 (2014)
Capital(s) La Paz, Sucre Copenhagen
Largest city Santa Cruz de la Sierra (1.719 million, 2011)[6] Copenhagen (1.246 million; 2014)[4]
Government Social unitary state[7] Unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy
Official languages Spanish and 36 indigenous languages Danish
Main religion Roman Catholic (79.3%) (1992)[8] Protestantism (78.4%)[9]
Ethnic groups[10] Quecha (30%), mestizo (30%), Aymara (25%), white (15%) Scandinavian, Inuit, Faroese, German, Turkish, Iranian, Somali
GDP $55.7 billion (2013)[11] $69.3 billion (2013)[4]
Expatriate populations <1,000 (2013)[12] 454 (2014)[13]
Military expenditures[14] $445 million (2013) $3.8 billion (2013)

History

Diplomatic relations were established on 28 February 1930.[15] On 9 November 1931, a commercial treaty was signed, to further develop commercial relations between Bolivia and Denmark.[16][17] In 1974, an agreement on a Danish loan to Bolivia was signed.[18] In 1977, another agreement on a loan to Bolivia was signed.[19] In August 2000, Bolivia and Denmark signed a Mining–Environment accord, an agreement to reduce the environmental and social effects in some Bolivian towns. Denmark is assisting Bolivia with $1.54 million for the agreement.[20]

In 2006, when the Bolivian President Evo Morales ordered the Bolivian gas resources to be nationalized, the Danish Development Minister Ulla Tørnæs threatened to stop the assistance, because it is not compatible with the Danish development assistance.[21] In December 2009, Bolivian President Evo Morales visited Denmark for the 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference.[22] After the conference, Bolivia accused the United States and Denmark for cutting the aid to Bolivia because of their opposition to the Copenhagen Accord.[23] In 2009, when Morales tried to lift a ban on coca in the United Nations treaty Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, Denmark with some other countries opposed the idea.[24]

Bolivia was chosen as a programme country for Denmark in 1994, because Bolivia were the poorest country in South America. Denmark started assisting Bolivia with diaries. Because of the political situation in Bolivia, Denmark suspended the assistance in 1980. In 1993 the cooperation resumed.[25] Danish development assistance to Bolivia focuses on democracy, human rights, agriculture, education and environment.[25] In 2005, DANIDA cut the aid from 200 million to 150 million because of the social problems in Bolivia.[26] In 2010, after 13 years of cooperation, the assistance for indigenous people ended.[27]

Trade

In 2008, Danish exports to Bolivia amounted 51 million DKK, and Bolivian exports amounted 6 million DKK.[28]

See also

Further reading

References

  1. ↑ Government of Denmark. "Bolivian embassy in Copenhagen". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Denmark). Retrieved 5 April 2011.
  2. ↑ Government of Denmark. "Danish embassy in La Paz, Bolivia". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Denmark) (in Danish). Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Denmark). Archived from the original on 19 July 2011. Retrieved 5 April 2011.
  3. ↑ "Bolivia: Características de Población y Vivienda: Censo National de Población y Vivienda 2012" (PDF) (in Spanish). Bolivian National Institute of Statistics. p. 4. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 February 2014. Retrieved 21 September 2014.
  4. 1 2 3 4 "Fact and Statistics". Official Website of Denmark. Retrieved 23 September 2014.
  5. ↑ "Bolivia: Características de Población y Vivienda: Censo National de Población y Vivienda 2012" (PDF) (in Spanish). Bolivian National Institute of Statistics. p. 5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 February 2014. Retrieved 21 September 2014.
  6. ↑ "Bolivia". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. 23 June 2014. Retrieved 23 September 2014.
  7. ↑ http://www.harmonywithnatureun.org/content/documents/159Bolivia%20Consitucion.pdf p.11
  8. ↑ http://www.ine.gob.bo/censo/censo1992.aspx
  9. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2014-02-21. Retrieved 2014-04-03.
  10. ↑ https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2075.html
  11. ↑ http://www.ine.gob.bo/pdf/boletin/NP_2014_54.pdf p. 3
  12. ↑ "Origins and Destinations of the World’s Migrants, from 1990–2013". Pew Research Center. 2 September 2014. Retrieved 21 September 2014.
  13. ↑ "Hvad er Danmarks Statistikbank" (in Danish). Danmarks Statistik. Retrieved 23 September 2014. To verify data, first click "Befolkning og valg", followed by "Befolkning og befolkningsfremskrivning", followed by "Folketal", followed by "Folketal 1. januar efter køn, alder og fødeland (1990-2014)". Select "Bolivia' in the "fødeland (239)" table, "2014" in the "år" table, and click "Vis tabel".
  14. ↑ http://www.sipri.org/research/armaments/milex/milex_database
  15. ↑ Manley Ottmer Hudson (1934). World Court reports: a collection of the judgments, orders and opinions of the Permanent Court of International Justice. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.
  16. ↑ Harrison and Sons (1934). Treaty series: publication of treaties and international engagements registered with the Secretariat of the League, 146–147. University of Michigan. League of Nations. p. 29. Retrieved 5 April 2011. ... and His Excellency the President of the Republic of Bolivia, being equally desirous of furthering the development of commercial relations between Denmark and Bolivia, have decided to conclude a Commercial Treaty with this object
  17. ↑ Sijthoff (1931). Publications of the Permanent Court of International Justice: Annual report 8. University of Wisconsin. p. 67. Retrieved 5 April 2011.
  18. ↑ "Agreement on a Danish Government Loan to Bolivia" (PDF). United Nations. United Nations Treaty Series (13682): 6. 10 July 1974. Retrieved 5 April 2011.
  19. ↑ "Agreement on a Danish Government Loan to Bolivia" (PDF). United Nations. United Nations Treaty Series (16043): 7. 24 February 1977. Retrieved 5 April 2011.
  20. ↑ "Bolivia, Denmark to Sign Mining-Environ. Accord". Business News America. 23 August 2000. Retrieved 5 April 2011.
  21. ↑ "Truer med at stoppe bistand til Bolivia". DR. 11 May 2006. Retrieved 5 April 2011.
  22. ↑ "Bolivian President Evo Morales at COP15 Summit". Demotix. 16 December 2009. Retrieved 5 April 2011.
  23. ↑ Alister Doyle and Gerard Wynn (10 April 2010). "U.S., Denmark cut climate aid after summit: Bolivia". Reuters. Reuters. Retrieved 5 April 2011.
  24. ↑ "U.S. anti-Morales proposal to legalize coca chewing". M24 Digital. 19 January 2011. Retrieved 5 April 2011.
  25. 1 2 Government of Denmark. "Danish udviklingsssamarbejde med Bolivia" (in Danish). Retrieved 5 April 2011.
  26. ↑ "Danida skærer i bistanden til Bolivia". Ulandsnyt.dk. 24 April 2005. Retrieved 8 April 2011.
  27. ↑ Government of Denmark. "Oprindelige folk" (in Danish). Retrieved 5 April 2011.
  28. ↑ Government of Denmark. "Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Facts about Bolivia". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Denmark) (in Danish). Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Denmark). Retrieved 8 April 2011.
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