Bohol

{{Infobox settlement | name = Bohol | official_name = Province of Bohol | settlement_type = provinces of the Philippines | image_skyline = Bohol Capitol Building Tagbilaran.JPG | image_caption = Bohol Capitol Building, Tagbilaran | image_flag = Flag of Bohol Province, Philippines.svg | flag_size = 120x80px | image_seal = Ph seal bohol.png | seal_size = 120x80px | image_shield = | anthem = Awit sa Bohol Bohol Hymn^[1] | image_map = Ph locator map bohol.png | map_caption = Location in the Philippines | coordinates = 9°54′N 124°12′E / 9.9°N 124.2°E / 9.9; 124.2Coordinates: 9°54′N 124°12′E / 9.9°N 124.2°E / 9.9; 124.2 | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = Philippines | subdivision_type1 = Region | subdivision_name1 = Central Visayas (Region VII) | established_title = Discovered
Founded | established_date = 25 March 1565
22 July 1854 | seat_type = Provincial Capital | seat = Tagbilaran | government_type = | government_footnotes =  ^[2] | leader_party = LP | leader_title = Governor | leader_name = Edgar Chatto | leader_title1 = Vice governor | leader_name1 = Dionisio Balite | leader_title2 = Council

| leader_name2 =

| area_footnotes = ^[3] | area_total_km2 = 4,820.95 | elevation_m = 870 | elevation_point = Mount Mayana | population_footnotes = ^[4] | population_total = 1,313,560 | population_as_of = 2015 census | population_density_km2 = auto | population_blank1_title = Voter (2016)^[5]  | population_blank1 = 798,768 | population_blank2_title = Language | population_blank2 = | population_demonym = Boholano | demographics_type1 = Divisions | demographics1_title1 = Independent cities | demographics1_info1 = 0 | demographics1_title2 = Component cities

| demographics1_info2 =

| demographics1_title3 = Municipalities | demographics1_info3 = {{Collapsible list | titlestyle = font-weight:normal;text-align:left;background-color:WhiteSmoke; | title = 47

| {{MultiReplace|

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}} | timezone = PST | utc_offset = +08:00 | postal_code_type = ZIP code | postal_code = 6300–6346 | area_code_type = IDD : area code  | area_code = +63 (0)38 | iso_code = PH | blank_name_sec1 = Income class | blank_info_sec1 = 1st class | blank7_name_sec1 = Climate type | blank7_info_sec1 = tropical monsoon climate, tropical rainforest climate | blank1_name_sec1 = PSGC | blank1_info_sec1 = 071200000 | website = www.bohol.gov.ph }} Bohol is a 1st provincial income class provinces of the Philippines of the Philippines located in the Central Visayas region, consisting of the island itself and 75 minor surrounding islands.^[6] Its capital is Tagbilaran. With a land area of 4,821 km² (1,861 sq mi) and a coastline 261 km (162 mi) long, Bohol is the tenth largest island of the Philippines.^[7] To the west of Bohol is Cebu, to the northeast is the island of Leyte and to the south, across the Bohol Sea, is Mindanao.

The province of Bohol is a first-class province divided into 3 congressional districts, comprising 1 component city and 47 municipalities.^[8] It has 1,109 barangays.^[9]

The province is a popular tourist destination with its beaches and resorts.^[10] The Chocolate Hills, numerous mounds of brown-coloured limestone formations, are the most popular attraction. The formations can be seen by land (climbing the highest point) or by air via ultralight air tours. Panglao Island, located just southwest of Tagbilaran, is famous for its diving locations and is routinely listed as one of the top ten diving locations in the world. Numerous tourist resorts and dive centers dot the southern beaches. The Philippine tarsier, amongst the world's smallest primates, is indigenous to the island.

A strait separates Bohol from Cebu, and both island provinces share a common language, but the Boholanos retain a conscious distinction from the Cebuanos. Bohol's climate is generally dry, with maximum rainfall between the months of June and October. The interior is cooler than the coast.

It was the home province of Carlos P. Garcia, the eighth president of the Republic of the Philippines (1957–1961) who was born in Talibon, Bohol.^[11]

On 15 October 2013, Bohol was devastated by a 7.2 magnitude earthquake whose epicenter was 6 km (3.7 mi) south of Sagbayan town. The earthquake, which also hit southern Cebu, claimed 156 lives altogether and injured 374 people. It also destroyed or damaged a number of Bohol's heritage churches.^[12][13]

In 2017, militants with Abu Sayyaf Group links, clashed with the Armed Forces of the Philippines in combat on Bohol.^[14][15]

History

Early history

Bohol was first settled by Australoid people, like the rest of the Philippines. They still inhabit the island today and are known as the Eskaya tribe. Their population also was absorbed into the Austronesian/Malayo-Polynesian peoples who later settled the islands and form the majority of the population. The Austronesian people living on Bohol traded with other islands in the Philippines and as far as China and Borneo.

The people of Bohol are said to be the descendants of a group of inhabitants who settled in the Philippines called pintados or "tattooed ones."^[16] Boholanos already had a culture of their own as evidenced by artifacts unearthed at Mansasa, Tagbilaran, and in Dauis and Panglao.

Pre-Hispanic Philippines

Bohol's first indigenous people settled in the Anda peninsula. These people came from northeast Mindanao. These people were responsible for the Anda petrographs which are one of the most important indigenous rock writing in the country. Around the 12th century, a group of people from Northern Mindanao settled in the strait between mainland Bohol and the island of Panglao. Those people came from a nation in northern Mindanao called Lutao (probably the animist kingdom of what will soon be the Islamic Lanao). Those people established the kedatuan (kingdom) of Dapitan in western Bohol because the true indigenous people of Bohol in the Anda peninsula and nearby areas were not open to them, forcing them to establish settlement in the western part of the island. They occupied both shores and the entire island of Panglao. The kedatuan was first built with hardwood on the soft seabed. It engaged it trade with nearby areas and some Chinese merchants.^[17]

Alcina tales about a rich nation he called the 'Venice of the Visayas', pointing to the kedatuan of Dapitan at that time. A legend tells of a princess named Bugbung Hamusanum, whose beauty caused her suitor, Datung Sumanga, to raid parts of southern China to win her hand.^[18]

By 1563, before the full Spanish colonization agenda came to Bohol, the kedatuan of Dapitan was at war with the Sultanate of Ternate in the Moluccas (who were also raiding the Rajahnate of Butuan). At the time, Dapitan was ruled by two brothers named Dailisan and Pagbuaya. The Ternateans at the time were allied to the Portuguese. Dapitan was destroyed and Datu Dailisan was killed in battle. His brother, Datu Pagbuaya, together with his people fled back to Mindanao and established a new Dapitan in the northern coast of the Zamboanga peninsula. When the Spanish came, the people of Dapitan were influential in the Spanish conquest of the Sultanate of Ternate and in the Christian colonization of northern Mindanao.

Bohol is derived from the word Bo-ho or Bo-ol.^[7] The island was the seat of the first international treaty of peace and unity between the native king Datu Sikatuna and Spanish conquistador Miguel López de Legazpi on 16 March 1565 through a blood compact alliance known today by many Filipinos as the Sandugo.^[19]

Spanish colonial period

The earliest significant contact of the island with Spain occurred in 1565. On 25 March (16 March in the Julian calendar), a Spanish explorer named Miguel López de Legazpi arrived in Bohol seeking spices and gold. After convincing the native chieftains that they were not Portuguese (who raided the islands of Mactan in 1521), Legazpi made a peace pact with Datu Sikatuna. This pact was signified with a blood compact between the two men.^[20] This event, called the Sandugo ("one blood"), is celebrated in Bohol every year during the Sandugo Festival. The Sandugo or blood compact is also depicted on Bohol's provincial flag and the Bohol provincial seal.^[21]

Two significant revolts occurred in Bohol during the Spanish Era. One was the Tamblot Uprising in 1621, led by Tamblot, a babaylan or native priest. The other was the famous Dagohoy Rebellion, considered the longest in Philippine history. This rebellion was led by Francisco Dagohoy, also known as Francisco Sendrijas, from 1744 to 1829.^[20]

Politically, Bohol was administered as a residencia of Cebu. It became a separate politico-military province on 22 July 1854 together with Siquijor. A census in 1879 found Bohol with a population of 253,103 distributed among 34 municipalities.^[22]

The culture of the Boholanos was influenced by Spain and Mexico during colonization. Many traditional dances, music, dishes and other aspects of the culture have considerable Hispanic influence.

U.S. intervention and occupation

After the United States defeated Spain in the Spanish–American War, the U.S. bought the entire Philippine islands. However, under the newly proclaimed independent government established by Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo, which was not recognized by the U.S., Bohol was governed as a Gobierno de Canton.

During the resulting Philippine–American War, American troops peacefully took over the island in March 1899.^[23] However, in January 1901, Pedro Sanson led 2,000 in rebellion, due to the harsh treatment imparted by these troops and the destruction they caused.^[23] General Hughes led a campaign of repression in October 1901, destroying a number of towns, and threatening in December 1901 to burn Tagbilaran if the rebels did not surrender.^[23] Pantaleon E. del Rosario then negotiated the rebel surrender.^[23]

On 10 March 1917, the Americans made Bohol a separate province under Act 2711 (which also established most of the other Philippine provinces).

Japanese occupation and liberation

Japanese troops landed in Tagbilaran on 17 May 1942. Boholanos struggled in a guerilla resistance against the Japanese forces. Bohol was later liberated by the local guerrillas and the Filipino and American troops who landed on 11 April 1945.^[24]

A plaque placed on the port of Tagbilaran commemorating the liberation reads:

One thousand one hundred seventy two officers and men of the 3rd Battalion of the 164th Infantry Regiment of the Americal Division under the command of Lt. Col. William H. Considine landed at the Tagbilaran Insular Wharf at 7:00 o'clock in the morning of April 11, 1945.

The convoy taking the Filipino and American liberation forces to Bohol consisted of a flotilla of six landing ships (medium), six landing crafts (infantry), two landing crafts (support), and one landing craft (medium-rocket). Upon arrival, the reinforced battalion combat team advanced rapidly to the east and northeast with the mission of destroying all hostile forces in Bohol. Motor patrols were immediately dispatched by Col. Considine, Task Force Commander, and combed the area to the north and east, approximately halfway across the island, but no enemies were found during the reconnaissance. Finally, an enemy group of undetermined strength was located to the north of Ginopolan in Valencia, near the Sierra-Bullones boundary.

By 17 April the Task Force was poised to strike in Ginopolan. The bulk of the Japanese force was destroyed and beaten in the ten days of action. Bohol was officially declared liberated on 25 May 1945 by Major General William H. Arnold, Commander of the Americal Division. About this time, most officers and men of the Bohol Area Command had been processed by units of the Eighth United States Army.

On 31 May 1945, the Bohol Area Command was officially deactivated upon orders of Lt. General Robert L. Eichelberger, Commanding General of the Eighth United States Army, together with the regular and constable troops of the Philippine Commonwealth Army, Philippine Constabulary, and the Boholano guerrillas.

During the Second Battle of Bohol from March to August 1945, Filipino troops of the 8th, 83rd, 85th and 86th Infantry Division of the Philippine Commonwealth Army and 8th Constabulary Regiment of the Philippine Constabulary captured and liberated the island province of Bohol and helped the Boholano guerrilla fighters and U.S. liberation forces defeat the Japanese Imperial forces under General Sōsaku Suzuki.

Recent history

On 12 April 2017, an Abu Sayaf group (ASG) terrorists staged an attack on Bohol. Three soldiers, a police officer and at least 6 of the armed men were killed in the clashes that started at 5 am. Also killed were two Inabanga villagers, unclear whether they were killed in the crossfire or executed by the cornered militants. In May, security officials hunted ASG around Bohol, with a group trying to kidnap people on the island for ransom.^[25][26][27]

The tourism industry in Bohol is negatively affected by the ASG militants operating on the island,^[28][29] though tour operators believe tourism will increase.^[30][31]

Geography

The Chocolate Hills are considered one of Philippine's natural wonders and Bohol is often referred to as the Jewel of the Philippines. They are hills made of limestone left over from coral reefs during the Ice Age when the island was submerged. They turn brown during the summer.

There are four main rivers that run through Bohol, with the Loboc River running from the center of the island to the mid-southern coast. The largest river, the Inabanga, runs in the northwestern part of the province; the Abatan River runs in the southwest, and Ipil River in the north.

Numerous waterfalls and caves are scattered across the island, including Mag‑Aso Falls in Antequera. Mag‑Aso means smoke in the native tongue. The water is cool and often creates a mist in humid mornings which can hide the falls.

The Rajah Sikatuna Protected Landscape protects Bohol's largest remaining lowland forest and can be found in the island's southern portion near Bilar.

Physical

With a land area of 4,821 km² (1,861 sq mi) and a coastline 261 km (162 mi) long, Bohol is the tenth largest island of the Philippines. The main island is surrounded by about 70 smaller islands, the largest of which are Panglao Island, facing Tagbilaran, in the southwest and Lapinig Island in the northeast.

The terrain of Bohol is basically rolling and hilly, and about half the island is covered in limestone. Near the outer areas of the island are low mountain ranges. The interior is a large plateau with irregular landforms.

Near Carmen, the Chocolate Hills are more than 1,200 uniformly cone-shaped limestone hills named for the grass growing on the hills that turns brown in the summer, making the landscape look like chocolate mounds. The Chocolate Hills appear on the provincial seal of Bohol.

Earthquakes

At 8:12 a.m. (PST) on 15 October 2013, the island province suffered a severe earthquake with a magnitude of 7.2 on the Richter scale.^[32] Its epicenter was at 9°52′N 124°04′E / 9.86°N 124.07°E / 9.86; 124.07 (6 km (3.7 mi) S 24° W of Sagbayan and 629 km (391 mi) from Manila), and its depth of focus was 12 km (7.5 mi). The quake was felt as far as Davao City, Mindanao. According to official reports by the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC), 57 people died in Bohol, and 104 were injured.^[33]

It was the deadliest earthquake in the Philippines since the 7.8 magnitude 1990 Luzon earthquake.^[34] Earlier that same year Bohol was struck by an earthquake (on 8 February 1990) with an epicentre almost exactly the same as in 2013,^[35] causing six fatalities and 200 injured. Several buildings were damaged and it caused a tsunami.^[36]

Islands

The 75 outlying islands surrounding mainland Bohol under the jurisdiction of the Bohol Provincial Government are:

Tarsier

In 1996 the Philippine Tarsier Foundation was established in Corella, Bohol in efforts to help conserve and protect tarsiers and their habitat. Forest and habitat sanctuaries have been created to ensure the safety of tarsiers while allowing visitors to roam and discover these miniature primates in their natural habitats.

The tarsier is the smallest living primate that exists in several South East Asian countries today. The Philippine tarsier, Tarsius syrichta, locally known as "mamag" in Boholano is near to threatened according to the IUCN Red List of Endangered Species.^[37] Adaptation to their large bulging eyes allows them to catch prey clearly at night, and with elongated limbs and fingers, leaping from tree to tree gives no limitation to the tarsier.^[38] Their brain is about the same size as their eyes. The connection between its eyes and brain serves a unique function to these animals which is important for their stability and balance.^[39] Tarsiers have incredible hearing abilities. They can hear a frequency of up to 91 kHz (kilohertz) and send sounds of 70 kHz.^[40]

Climate

From November to April, the northeast monsoon (amihan) prevails. Except for a rare shower, this is the mildest time of the year. Daytime temperatures average 28 °C (82 °F), cooling at night to around 25 °C (77 °F). The summer season from May to July brings higher temperatures and very humid days. From August to October is the southwest monsoon (habagat). The weather during this season is not very predictable, with weeks of calm weather alternating with rainy days. It can rain any day of the year, but a higher chance of heavy showers occurs from November to January.

Administrative divisions

PSGC	City or Municipality		Population			±% p.a.		Area[3]		PD 2015			Electorate			Dist
			2015[4]		2010[41]			km2	sq mi	/km2	/sq mi	2016	2013
071201000	Alburquerque		0.8%	10,540	9,921	▴	1.16%	26.98	10.42	390	1,000	6,698	6,574	I
071202000	Alicia		1.8%	23,517	22,285	▴	1.03%	114.50	44.21	210	530	13,423	13,664	III
071203000	Anda		1.3%	16,462	16,909	▾	−0.51%	61.89	23.90	270	690	11,852	11,043	III
071204000	Antequera		1.1%	14,425	14,481	▾	−0.07%	118.60	45.79	120	320	8,691	6,574	I
071205000	Baclayon		1.6%	20,591	18,630	▴	1.92%	34.43	13.29	600	1,500	12,166	11,728	I
071206000	Balilihan		1.4%	17,903	17,147	▴	0.82%	127.27	49.14	140	360	11,556	10,995	I
071207000	Batuan		1.0%	12,767	12,431	▴	0.51%	79.08	30.53	160	420	8,359	8,586	III
071248000	Bien Unido		2.1%	27,115	23,412	▴	2.84%	27.39	10.58	990	2,600	15,858	15,230	II
071208000	Bilar		1.3%	17,590	17,078	▴	0.56%	129.71	50.08	140	350	11,565	11,273	III
071209000	Buenavista		2.1%	27,261	26,443	▴	0.58%	96.00	37.07	280	740	16,813	17,910	II
071210000	Calape		2.3%	30,863	29,786	▴	0.68%	75.36	29.10	410	1,100	20,449	19,854	I
071211000	Candijay		2.2%	29,475	31,183	▾	−1.07%	103.26	39.87	290	740	19,708	18,757	III
071212000	Carmen		3.5%	46,306	43,153	▴	1.35%	239.45	92.45	190	500	29,767	29,228	III
071213000	Catigbian		1.7%	22,675	23,333	▾	−0.54%	113.33	43.76	200	520	13,832	13,907	I
071214000	Clarin		1.5%	20,301	18,871	▴	1.40%	52.12	20.12	390	1,000	13,743	13,160	II
071215000	Corella		0.6%	8,479	7,471	▴	2.44%	37.22	14.37	230	590	5,140	4,898	I
071216000	Cortes		1.3%	16,954	14,586	▴	2.91%	27.32	10.55	620	1,600	10,566	10,580	I
071217000	Dagohoy		1.5%	19,158	18,311	▴	0.86%	77.59	29.96	250	640	11,228	11,041	II
071218000	Danao		1.4%	17,890	17,716	▴	0.19%	162.76	62.84	110	280	12,212	12,027	II
071219000	Dauis		3.5%	45,663	36,525	▴	4.34%	43.33	16.73	1,100	2,700	26,470	24,797	I
071220000	Dimiao		1.1%	14,364	14,187	▴	0.24%	135.75	52.41	110	270	9,965	10,036	III
071221000	Duero		1.4%	17,876	17,254	▴	0.68%	97.30	37.57	180	480	12,150	11,841	III
071222000	Garcia Hernandez		1.8%	24,194	21,308	▴	2.45%	127.50	49.23	190	490	14,484	14,035	III
071226000	Getafe		2.4%	30,955	27,852	▴	2.03%	120.50	46.53	260	670	18,576	18,926	II
071223000	Guindulman		2.5%	32,408	32,355	▴	0.03%	179.17	69.18	180	470	20,529	19,848	III
071224000	Inabanga		3.5%	45,880	43,331	▴	1.09%	125.63	48.51	370	950	25,979	26,345	II
071225000	Jagna		2.6%	33,892	32,034	▴	1.08%	168.49	65.05	200	520	20,459	20,643	III
071227000	Lila		0.9%	12,257	10,801	▴	2.44%	40.50	15.64	300	780	6,835	6,922	III
071228000	Loay		1.3%	16,691	15,881	▴	0.95%	48.24	18.63	350	900	11,777	12,023	III
071229000	Loboc		1.2%	15,993	16,299	▾	−0.36%	57.65	22.26	280	720	11,472	11,000	III
071230000	Loon		3.3%	43,034	42,441	▴	0.26%	125.38	48.41	340	890	27,676	26,596	I
071231000	Mabini		2.1%	27,171	28,788	▾	−1.09%	104.57	40.37	260	670	16,609	16,048	III
071232000	Maribojoc		1.6%	20,688	18,113	▴	2.56%	69.08	26.67	300	780	12,753	12,194	I
071233000	Panglao		2.6%	33,553	25,558	▴	5.32%	51.20	19.77	660	1,700	21,394	20,536	I
071234000	Pilar		2.1%	27,256	27,276	▾	−0.01%	120.39	46.48	230	590	16,152	15,784	III
071235000	President Carlos P. Garcia		1.8%	23,356	25,118	▾	−1.38%	54.82	21.17	430	1,100	14,455	14,392	II
071236000	Sagbayan		1.7%	22,339	22,339	⬄	0.00%	69.61	26.88	320	830	14,394	14,290	II
071237000	San Isidro		0.7%	8,744	9,176	▾	−0.91%	60.04	23.18	150	380	6,509	6,144	II
071238000	San Miguel		1.8%	24,135	22,199	▴	1.60%	123.29	47.60	200	510	14,040	13,679	II
071239000	Sevilla		0.8%	10,661	11,289	▾	−1.08%	64.55	24.92	170	430	7,156	6,998	III
071240000	Sierra Bullones		1.9%	24,745	26,398	▾	−1.22%	198.87	76.78	120	320	15,053	15,209	III
071241000	Sikatuna		0.5%	6,726	6,335	▴	1.15%	38.22	14.76	180	460	4,647	4,760	I
071242000	Tagbilaran	†	8.0%	105,051	92,297	▴	2.50%	36.50	14.09	2,900	7,500	59,949	51,462	I
071243000	Talibon		5.1%	66,969	59,274	▴	2.35%	140.46	54.23	480	1,200	33,211	31,928	II
071244000	Trinidad		2.4%	31,956	27,580	▴	2.84%	195.30	75.41	160	420	19,017	17,941	II
071245000	Tubigon		3.5%	45,893	44,434	▴	0.62%	81.87	31.61	560	1,500	26,394	26,591	I
071246000	Ubay		5.6%	73,712	65,900	▴	2.16%	335.06	129.37	220	570	41,792	40,211	II
071247000	Valencia		2.1%	27,126	28,043	▾	−0.63%	116.67	45.05	230	600	15,245	15,377	III
	TOTAL			1,313,560	1,255,128	▴	0.87%	4820.95	1,861.40	270	700		798,768	729,815
†   †			Provincial capital Highly Urbanized City		†   †			Municipality Component city

Demographics

Population census of Bohol
Year Pop. ±% p.a. 1903 269,223 —     1918 358,387 +1.93% 1939 491,608 +1.52% 1948 553,407 +1.32% 1960 592,194 +0.57% 1970 683,297 +1.44% 1980 806,013 +1.67%	Year Pop. ±% p.a. 1990 948,403 +1.64% 1995 994,440 +0.89% 2000 1,139,130 +2.95% 2007 1,230,110 +1.07% 2010 1,255,128 +0.74% 2015 1,313,560 +0.87%
Source: Philippine Statistics Office[4][41][42][43]

According to the 2015 census, it has a population of 1,313,560.^[4] In the 2016 electoral roll, it had 798,768 registered voters, meaning that 61% of the population are aged 18 and over.^[5]

Government

Legislative districts

• Governor: Edgardo Migriño Chatto (Liberal Party)
• Vice Governor: Dionisio Balite (PDP-Laban)

17th Congress

1st Congressional District President Carlos P. Garcia † 9,999,999 Rene Relampagos Liberal Party City or Municipality Electorate 2016 Alburquerque 6,698 Antequera 8,691 Baclayon 12,166 Balilihan 11,556 Calape 20,449 Catigbian 13,832 Corella 5,140 Cortes 10,566 Dauis 26,470 Loon 27,676 Maribojoc 12,753 Panglao 21,394 Sikatuna 4,647 Tagbilaran 59,949 Tubigon 26,394	2nd Congressional District President Carlos P. Garcia † 9,999,999 Erico Aristotle Aumentado Nationalist People's Coalition City or Municipality Electorate 2016 Bien Unido 15,858 Buenavista 16,813 Clarin 13,743 Dagohoy 11,228 Danao 12,212 Getafe 18,576 Inabanga 25,979 President Carlos P. Garcia 14,455 Sagbayan 14,394 San Isidro 6,509 San Miguel 14,040 Talibon 33,211 Trinidad 19,017 Ubay 41,792	3rd Congressional District President Carlos P. Garcia † 9,999,999 Arthur Yap Nationalist People's Coalition City or Municipality Electorate 2016 Alicia 13,423 Anda 11,852 Batuan 8,359 Bilar 11,565 Candijay 19,708 Carmen 29,767 Dimiao 9,965 Duero 12,150 Garcia Hernandez 14,484 Guindulman 20,529 Jagna 20,459 Sevilla 7,156 Lila 6,835 Loay 11,777 Loboc 11,472 Mabini 16,609 Pilar 16,152 Sierra Bullones 15,053 Valencia 15,245
1st District 268,381	2nd District 257,827	3rd District 272,560
Total 798,768

History of Governors

Governors of Bohol

1. SPANISH PERIOD (from 1854 – 1898)
Guillermo Kirk Patrict	3 March 1854 – 1857	First Governor
Juan Garcia Navarro	4 March 1854 – 1859
Anastacio de Hoyos y Zendegni	10 March 1859 – 1860	Bohol was reverted as part of Cebu. Lieutenant Governor was in-charge
Herrera Davilla	1860	He came to wind up the papers of Bohol
Juan Garcia Navarro	1860 – 1861	Officially no longer a Governor but empowered to act for matters he started as Governor
Jose Diaz Quintana	1860 – 1864	Bohol was part of Cebu
Antonio Martinez	1 October 1864 – 1872	Bohol was again separated from Cebu
Don Lemolino	1872	Died shortly after assuming office
Joaquin Bengoechea	June 1872 – 1878
Adolfo Martin de Banos	September 1878 – 1882
Manuel Alcobendes	1882 – 1883
Francisco Agusto Linares y Pombo	February 1883 – December 1889
Adolfo Martin de Banos	11 December 1889 – 1892
Eustacio Gonzales Liquiniano	1892 – 1896
Eduardo Esteller	1897 – 1898	Last Spanish Governor of Bohol

2. REVOLUTIONARY GOVERNOR
Bernabe Fortich Reyes	1898 – 1900	First Governor

3. AMERICAN PERIOD
Anecito Velez Clarin	15 March 1901 – 20 February 1904	He was appointed because he was not a revolutionary
Salustiano Borja	15 March 1904 – 28 February 1907	First governor elected under the American Regime

4. PHILIPPINE LEGISLATURE
Macario F. Sarmiento	1 March 1907 – 31 December 1909
Fernando G. Rocha	6 January 1910 – 15 October 1912
Fernando G. Rocha	16 October 1912 – 15 October 1916	Re-elected
Eutiquio O. Boyles	16 October 1916 – 15 October 1919
Juan Torralba	16 October 1919 – 20 July 1922
Juan Torralba	15 October 1922 – 15 October 1925	Re-elected
Filomeno Orbeta Caseñas	16 October 1925 – 15 October 1928
Filomeno Orbeta Caseñas	16 October 1928 – 15 October 1931	Re-elected
Celestino Barel Gallares	16 October 1931 – 15 October 1934
Carlos Polistico Garcia	16 October 1934 – December 1937

5. COMMONWEALTH PERIOD
Carlos Polistico Garcia	2 January 1938 – 1 January 1941	Re-elected
Agapito Hontanosas	29 August 1941 – 20 May 1942	Appointed / Governor under the Japanese
Condrado Marapao	22 May 1942 – 31 May 1946	Appointed / Governor of the Free Local Government approved by President Manuel Quezon

6. THIRD PHILIPPINE REPUBLIC
Perfecto Balili	1 June 1946 – 31 December 1947	Appointed
Jacinto Borja	1 January 1948 – 31 December 1951	Elected
Juan Pajo	1 January 1952 – 31 December 1953	Elected
Juan Pajo	1955 – 1957	Re-elected
Esteban Bernido	4 February 1958 – 1961	Appointed
Esteban Bernido	January 1962 – November 1965	Elected
Esteban Bernido	January 1966 – 7 June 1967	Re-elected / Resigned - appointed as PHHC manager
Lino Ibarra Chatto	8 June 1967 – December 1968	Appointed
Lino Ibarra Chatto	June 1968 – December 1971	Elected
Lino Ibarra Chatto	1 January 1972 – 3 March 1978	Re-elected
Esteban Bernido	March 1978 – 12 October 1978	Appointed
Rolando Butalid	13 October 1978 – 1980	Appointed
Rolando Butalid	January 1981 – 15 March 1986	Elected
Victor dela Serna	16 March 1986 – 26 October 1987	OIC
Constancio Chatto Torralba	27 October 1987 – 1 December 1987	OIC
Asterio Akiatan	2 December 1987 – 1 February 1988
Constancio Chatto Torralba	2 February 1988 – 30 June 1992	Elected
David Tirol	1 July 1992 – 30 June 1995	Elected
Rene Lopez Relampagos	1 July 1995 – 30 June 1998
Rene Lopez Relampagos	1 July 1998 – 30 June 2001	Re-elected
Erico Boyles Aumentado	1 July 2001 – 30 June 2004
Erico Boyles Aumentado	1 July 2004 – 30 June 2010	Re-elected
Edgardo Migriño Chatto	1 July 2010 – 30 June 2013
Edgardo Migriño Chatto	1 July 2013 –	Re-elected

Economy

Tourism plays an increasing role in the island's economy. The Panglao Island International Airport is currently planned for Panglao, which houses the most-visited and accessible beaches in the province. Proponents of the scheme hope that the new airport will increase Bohol's reputation as an international tourist destination although the plan has been dogged by ongoing criticism.^[44]

Infrastructure

Airport

Though a number of national flag carriers serve the Tagbilaran Airport, a proposed international airport (see Panglao Island International Airport) has been planned on nearby Panglao Island to accommodate bigger aircraft and handle larger volumes of passengers and tourists to the province. The Panglao airport project is controversial. Private land in the planned right-of-way that was bought cheaply is being sold expensively, creating further issues and delays.

Seaports

Port of Tubigon, the busiest among the smaller ports, offers more than ten daily round trips plying the Cebu-Bohol route. Catagbacan Port in Loon serves the roll-on roll-off services between Cebu and Bohol for those who have vehicles. Port of Jagna offers service between Bohol to Cagayan and Camiguin (with roll-on/roll-off) route. The other ports are Ubay, Talibon, Getafe, Buenavista, and Clarin.

Media

Bohol has 2 major AM radio stations, DYRD and DYTR, both based in Tagbilaran City. Another AM radio station, DYZD, based in Ubay, is being operated by DYRD. Both DYRD and DYTR also operate FM stations with the same names. There are multiple weekly or twice weekly newspapers like Sunday Post, Bohol Times, Bohol Standard and Bohol Bantay Balita. These days Bohol Chronicle is now a daily paper. An online news website called Bohol News Daily aggregates news from various sources.

Education

The literacy rate of the province of Bohol is high at 98%.^[9]

Institutions of Higher Learning are:

Festivals

Notable people

Gallery

• 
  Alona beach
• 
  Bohol interior
• 
  Loboc river
• 
  Mahogany forest in Bohol

• 
  Baclayon church
• 
  Panglao watchtower
• 
  Tarsier
• 
  Kalamay delicacy

See also

References

Sources

Further reading

External links

• Official website of the provincial government of Bohol
• Provincial Planning and Development Office of Bohol (includes provincial atlas)

Adjacent places of Bohol
	Cebu | Cebu Strait		Camotes Sea | Leyte
			Canigao Channel | Southern Leyte
		Bohol
	Siquijor | Bohol Sea	Bohol Sea Camiguin, Misamis Oriental