Black and red ware culture

Black and Red Ware, Sonkh, Uttar Pradesh. Government Museum, Mathura.

Palaeolithic (2,500,000–250,000 BCE)

Madrasian Culture	(2,500,000 BCE)
Riwatian Culture	(1,900,000 BCE)
Soanian Culture	(500,000–250,000 BCE)

Neolithic (10,800–3300 BCE)

Bhirrana Culture	(7570–6200 BCE)
Mehrgarh Culture	(7000–3300 BCE)

Chalcolithic (3500–1500 BCE)

Jorwe Culture	(3500–2000 BCE)
Ahar-Banas Culture	(3000–1500 BCE)
Pandu Culture	(1600–1500 BCE)

Bronze Age (3300–1300 BCE)

Indus Valley Civilisation	(3300–1300 BCE)
– Early Harappan Culture	(3300–2600 BCE)
– Mature Harappan Culture	(2600–1900 BCE)
– Late Harappan Culture	(1900–1300 BCE)
Vedic Civilisation	(2000–500 BCE)
– Ochre Coloured Pottery culture	(2000–1600 BCE)
– Swat culture	(1600–500 BCE)

Iron Age (1300–230 BCE)

Vedic Civilisation	(2000–500 BCE)
– Janapadas	(1500–600 BCE)
– Black and Red ware culture	(1300–1000 BCE)
– Painted Grey Ware culture	(1200–600 BCE)
– Northern Black Polished Ware	(700–200 BCE)
Pradyota Dynasty	(799–684 BCE)
Haryanka Dynasty	(684–424 BCE)
Three Crowned Kingdoms	(c. 600 BCE–1600 CE)
Maha Janapadas	(c. 600–300 BCE)
Achaemenid Empire	(550–330 BCE)
Ror Dynasty	(450 BCE–489 CE)
Shishunaga Dynasty	(424–345 BCE)
Nanda Empire	(380–321 BCE)
Macedonian Empire	(330–323 BCE)
Maurya Empire	(321–184 BCE)
Seleucid India	(312–303 BCE)
Pandya Empire	(c. 300 BCE–1345 CE)
Chera Kingdom	(c. 300 BCE–1102 CE)
Chola Empire	(c. 300 BCE–1279 CE)
Pallava Empire	(c. 250 BCE–800 CE)
Maha-Megha-Vahana Empire	(c. 250 BCE–c. 500 CE)
Parthian Empire	(247 BCE–224 CE)

Middle Kingdoms (230 BCE–1206 CE)

Satavahana Empire	(230 BCE–220 CE)
Kuninda Kingdom	(200 BCE–300 CE)
Indo-Scythian Kingdom	(200 BCE–400 CE)
Mitra Dynasty	(c. 150 BCE–c. 50 BCE)
Shunga Empire	(185–73 BCE)
Indo-Greek Kingdom	(180 BCE–10 CE)
Kanva Empire	(75–26 BCE)
Indo-Parthian Kingdom	(21–c. 130 CE)
Western Satrap Empire	(35–405 CE)
Kushan Empire	(60–240 CE)
Bharshiva Dynasty	(170–350 CE)
Nagas of Padmavati	(210–340)
Sasanian Empire	(224–651)
Indo-Sassanid Kingdom	(230–360)
Vakataka Empire	(c. 250–c. 500)
Kalabhras Empire	(c. 250–c. 600)
Gupta Empire	(280–550)
Kadamba Empire	(345–525)
Western Ganga Kingdom	(350–1000)
Kamarupa Kingdom	(350–1100)
Vishnukundina Empire	(420–624)
Maitraka Empire	(475–767)
Huna Kingdom	(475–576)
Rai Kingdom	(489–632)
Kabul Shahi Empire	(c. 500–1026)
Chalukya Empire	(543–753)
Maukhari Empire	(c. 550–c. 700)
Harsha Empire	(606–647)
Tibetan Empire	(618–841)
Eastern Chalukya Kingdom	(624–1075)
Rashidun Caliphate	(632–661)
Gurjara-Pratihara Empire	(650–1036)
Umayyad Caliphate	(661–750)
Pala Empire	(750–1174)
Rashtrakuta Empire	(753–982)
Paramara Kingdom	(800–1327)
Yadava Empire	(850–1334)
Chaulukya Kingdom	(942–1244)
Western Chalukya Empire	(973–1189)
Lohara Kingdom	(1003–1320)
Hoysala Empire	(1040–1346)
Sena Empire	(1070–1230)
Eastern Ganga Empire	(1078–1434)
Kakatiya Kingdom	(1083–1323)
Karnatas of Mithila	(1097-1325)
Zamorin Kingdom	(1102–1766)
Kalachuris of Tripuri	(675-1210)
Kalachuris of Kalyani	(1156–1184)
Sutiya Kingdom	(1187-1673)
Deva Kingdom	(c. 1200–c. 1300)

Late Medieval Period (1206–1600 CE)

Delhi Sultanate	(1206–1526 CE)
– Mamluk Sultanate	(1206–1290)
– Khilji Sultanate	(1290–1320)
– Tughlaq Sultanate	(1320–1414)
– Sayyid Sultanate	(1414–1451)
– Lodi Sultanate	(1451–1526)
Ahom Kingdom	(1228–1826)
Chitradurga Kingdom	(1300–1779)
Reddy Kingdom	(1325–1448)
Vijayanagara Empire	(1336–1646)
Bengal Sultanate	(1352–1576)
Garhwal Kingdom	(1358–1803)
Mysore Kingdom	(1399–1947)
Gajapati Kingdom	(1434–1541)
Deccan Sultanates	(1490–1596)
– Ahmadnagar Sultanate	(1490–1636)
– Berar Sultanate	(1490–1574)
– Bidar Sultanate	(1492–1619)
– Bijapur Sultanate	(1492–1686)
– Golkonda Sultanate	(1518–1687)
Keladi Kingdom	(1499–1763)
Koch Kingdom	(1515–1947)

Early Modern Period (1526–1858)

Mughal Empire	(1526–1858)
Sur Empire	(1540–1556)
Madurai Kingdom	(1559–1736)
Thanjavur Kingdom	(1572–1918)
Bengal Subah	(1576–1757)
Marava Kingdom	(1600–1750)
Thondaiman Kingdom	(1650–1948)
Maratha Empire	(1674–1818)
Sikh Confederacy	(1707–1799)
Travancore Kingdom	(1729–1947)
Sikh Empire	(1799–1849)

Colonial States (1510–1961)

Portuguese India	(1510–1961)
Dutch India	(1605–1825)
Danish India	(1620–1869)
French India	(1759–1954)
Company Raj	(1757–1858)
British Raj	(1858–1947)

Sri Lankan Kingdoms (544 BCE–1948 CE)

Kingdom of Tambapanni	(543–505 BCE)
Kingdom of Upatissa Nuwara	(505–377 BCE)
Anuradhapura Kingdom	(377 BCE–1017 CE)
Kingdom of Ruhuna	(200 CE)
Kingdom of Polonnaruwa	(300–1310)
Jaffna Kingdom	(1215–1624)
Kingdom of Dambadeniya	(1220–1272)
Kingdom of Yapahuwa	(1272–1293)
Kingdom of Kurunegala	(1293–1341)
Kingdom of Gampola	(1341–1347)
Kingdom of Raigama	(1347–1415)
Kingdom of Kotte	(1412–1597)
Kingdom of Sitawaka	(1521–1594)
Kingdom of Kandy	(1469–1815)
Portuguese Ceylon	(1505–1658)
Dutch Ceylon	(1656–1796)
British Ceylon	(1815–1948)

National histories

Regional histories

Specialised histories

The black and red ware culture (BRW) is an early Iron Age archaeological culture of the northern Indian subcontinent. It is dated to roughly the 12th – 9th century BCE, and associated with the post-Rigvedic Vedic civilization.

In some sites, BRW pottery is associated with Late Harappan pottery, and according to some scholars like Tribhuan N. Roy, the BRW may have directly influenced the Painted Grey Ware and Northern Black Polished Ware cultures.^[1] BRW pottery is unknown west of the Indus Valley.^[2]

Use of iron, although sparse at first, is relatively early, postdating the beginning of the Iron Age in Anatolia (Hittites) by only two or three centuries, and predating the European (Celts) Iron Age by another two to three hundred years. Recent findings in Northern India show Iron working since 1800 BCE. According to Shaffer, the "nature and context of the iron objects involved [of the BRW culture] are very different from early iron objects found in Southwest Asia."^[3]

It is succeeded by the Painted Grey Ware culture.

Notes

↑ Shaffer, Jim. 1993, Reurbanization: The eastern Punjab and beyond. In Urban Form and Meaning in South Asia: The Shaping of Cities from Prehistoric to Precolonial Times, ed. H. Spodek and D.M. Srinivasan.
↑ Shaffer, Jim. Mathura: A protohistoric Perspective in D.M. Srinivasan (ed.), Mathura, the Cultural Heritage, 1989, pp. 171-180. Delhi. cited in Chakrabarti 1992
↑ Shaffer 1989, cited in Chakrabarti 1992:171

References

Shaffer, Jim. Mathura: A protohistoric Perspective in D.M. Srinivasan (ed.), Mathura, the Cultural Heritage, 1989, pp. 171–180. Delhi.

External links

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

Black and red ware culture

Notes

See also

References

External links