Bitot's spots

Bitot's spots
Classification and external resources
Specialty	endocrinology
ICD-10	E50.1
ICD-9-CM	264.1

Typical location of Bitot's spots

Bitot's spots are the buildup of keratin located superficially in the conjunctiva, which are oval, triangular or irregular in shape. These spots are a sign of vitamin A deficiency and are associated with conjunctival xerosis. In 1863, Pierre Bitot (1822-1888), a French physician, first described these spots.^[1]

In ancient Egypt, this was treated with animal liver, which is where vitamin A is stored.^[2]

Treatment

References

↑ Shukla, M; Behari, K (Jul 1979). "Congenital Bitot spots.". Indian Journal of Ophthalmology. 27 (2): 63–4. PMID 541036.
↑ Numitor, Gerd (February 2012). Bitot's Spots. Flu Press. ISBN 978-620-0-57824-2.

External links

Illustration
BJO Online
Online Atlas of Ophthalmology at the University of Iowa

Malnutrition or nutrition disorders (E40–E68, 260–269)

Malnutrition

Protein-energy
malnutrition

Vitamin deficiency

B vitamins	B₁: Beriberi / Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome (Wernicke's encephalopathy Korsakoff's syndrome) B₂: Riboflavin deficiency B₃: Pellagra (Niacin deficiency) B₆: Pyridoxine deficiency B₇: Biotin deficiency B₉: Folate deficiency B₁₂: Vitamin B₁₂ deficiency
Other vitamins	A: Vitamin A deficiency/Bitot's spots C: Scurvy D: Vitamin D deficiency/Rickets/Osteomalacia E: Vitamin E deficiency K: Vitamin K deficiency

Mineral
deficiency

Overnutrition

Overweight Obesity	Childhood obesity Obesity hypoventilation syndrome Abdominal obesity
Vitamin poisoning	Hypervitaminosis A Hypervitaminosis D Hypervitaminosis E
Mineral overload	see inborn errors of metal metabolism, toxicity

Symptoms and medical signs relating to the eye
Adnexa	lacrimal: Schirmer's test eyelid: Abadie's sign of exophthalmic goiter Boston's sign Dalrymple's sign Stellwag's sign
Globe	pupil: Argyll Robertson pupils Adie pupil Marcus Gunn pupil iris: Fleischer ring Kayser-Fleischer ring Brushfield spots Lisch nodule conjunctiva: Bitot's spots Arlt's line retina: Hollenhorst plaque Roth's spot Fuchs spot others: Alexander's law Hirschberg test Siegrist streaks Hudson–Stahli line

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