1,000,000,000

1,000,000,000 (one billion, short scale; one thousand million or milliard, yard,^[1] long scale) is the natural number following 999,999,999 and preceding 1,000,000,001. One billion can also be written as b or bn.^[2][3]

In scientific notation, it is written as 1 × 10⁹. The SI prefix giga indicates 1,000,000,000 times the base unit.

One billion years may be called eon/aeon in astronomy or geology.

Previously in British English (but not in American English), the word "billion" referred exclusively to a million millions (1,000,000,000,000). However, this is no longer as common as earlier, and the word has been used to mean one thousand million (1,000,000,000) for some time.^[4] The alternative term "one thousand million" is mainly used in the U.K., or countries such as Spain that uses "one thousand million" as one million million constitutes a billion. The worded figure, as opposed to the numerical figure (one thousand million/1,000,000,000) is used to differentiate between "one thousand million" or "one billion".

The term milliard can also be used to refer to 1,000,000,000; whereas "milliard" is seldom used in English,^[5] variations on this name often appear in other languages.

In the South Asian numbering system, it is known as 100 crore or 1 Arab.

Visualisation of powers of ten from one to 1 billion

• 1000000007 – smallest prime number with 10 digits.
• 1023456789 – smallest pandigital number in base 10.
• 1026753849 – smallest pandigital square that includes 0.
• 1073676287 – 15th Carol number.^[6]
• 1073741824 – 2³⁰
• 1073807359 – 14th Kynea number.^[7]
• 1129760415 – 23rd Motzkin number.^[8]
• 1134903170 – 45th Fibonacci number.
• 1162261467 – 3¹⁹
• 1220703125 – 5¹³
• 1232922769 – Centered hexagonal number.
• 1234567890 – pandigital number with the digits in order.
• 1311738121 – 25th Pell number.^[9]
• 1382958545 – 15th Bell number.^[10]
• 1406818759 – 30th Wedderburn–Etherington number.^[11]
• 1631432881 – Triangular square number.
• 1836311903 – 46th Fibonacci number.
• 1882341361 – The least prime whose reversal is both square (40391²) and triangular (triangular of 57121).
• 1977326743 – 7¹¹
• 2147483647 – 8th Mersenne prime and the largest signed 32-bit integer.
• 2147483648 – 2³¹
• 2176782336 – 6¹²
• 2214502422 – 6th primary pseudoperfect number.^[12]
• 2357947691 – 11⁹
• 2971215073 – 11th Fibonacci prime (47th Fibonacci number).
• 3166815962 – 26th Pell number.^[9]
• 3192727797 – 24th Motzkin number.^[8]
• 3323236238 – 31st Wedderburn–Etherington number.^[11]
• 3405691582 – hexadecimal CAFEBABE; used as a placeholder in programming.
• 3405697037 – hexadecimal CAFED00D; used as a placeholder in programming.
• 3735928559 – hexadecimal DEADBEEF; used as a placeholder in programming.
• 3486784401 – 3²⁰
• 4294836223 – 16th Carol number.^[6]
• 4294967291 – Largest prime 32-bit unsigned integer.
• 4294967295 – Maximum 32-bit unsigned integer (FFFFFFFF₁₆), perfect totient number, product of the five prime Fermat numbers..
• 4294967296 – 2³²
• 4294967297 – the first composite Fermat number.
• 4295098367 – 15th Kynea number.^[7]
• 4807526976 – 48th Fibonacci number.
• 5784634181 – 13th alternating factorial.^[13]
• 6103515625 – 5¹⁴
• 6210001000 – only self-descriptive number in base 10.
• 6227020800 – 13!
• 6975757441 – 17⁸
• 6983776800 – 15th colossally abundant number,^[14] 15th superior highly composite number^[15]
• 7645370045 – 27th Pell number.^[9]
• 7778742049 – 49th Fibonacci number.
• 7862958391 – 32nd Wedderburn–Etherington number.^[11]
• 8589869056 – 6th perfect number.^[16]
• 8589934592 – 2³³
• 9043402501 – 25th Motzkin number.^[8]
• 9814072356 – largest square pandigital number, largest pandigital pure power.
• 9876543210 – largest number without redundant digits.
• 9999999967 – greatest prime number with 10 digits.^[17]

Sense of scale

The facts below give a sense of how large 1,000,000,000 (10⁹) is in the context of time according to current scientific evidence:

• 10⁹ seconds is 114 days short of 32 calendar years (≈ 31.7 years).
• About 10⁹ minutes ago, the Roman Empire was flourishing and Christianity was emerging. (10⁹ minutes is roughly 1,901 years.)
• About 10⁹ hours ago, modern human beings and their ancestors were living in the Stone Age (more precisely, the Middle Paleolithic). (10⁹ hours is roughly 114,080 years.)
• About 10⁹ days ago, Australopithecus, an ape-like creature related to an ancestor of modern humans, roamed the African savannas. (10⁹ days is roughly 2.738 million years.)
• About 10⁹ months ago, dinosaurs walked the Earth during the late Cretaceous. (10⁹ months is roughly 83.3 million years.)
• About 10⁹ years—a gigaannus—ago, the first multicellular eukaryotes appeared on Earth.
• It takes approximately 95 years to count from one to one billion in a single sitting.^[18]
• The universe is thought to be about 13.8 × 10⁹ years old.^[19]

Distance

• 10⁹ inches is 15,783 miles (25,400 km), more than halfway around the world and thus sufficient to reach any point on the globe from any other point.
• 10⁹ metres (called a gigameter) is almost three times the distance from the Earth to the Moon.
• 10⁹ kilometres is over six times the distance from the Earth to the Sun.

Finance

• The possession of assets with total value of 10⁹ United States dollars would place a person among the world's wealthiest individuals.
• If one had 10⁹ dollars, they could spend $54,757.016 per day; or $2,281.542 an hour; for 50 continuous years.

Area

• A billion square inches would be a square about one half mile on a side.
• A piece of finely woven bed sheet cloth that contained a billion holes would measure about 500 square feet (46 m²), large enough to cover a moderate sized apartment.

Volume

• There are a billion cubic millimeters in a cubic meter and there are a billion cubic meters in a cubic kilometer.
• A billion grains of table salt or granulated sugar would occupy a volume of about 2.5 cubic feet (0.071 m³).
• A billion cubic inches would be a volume comparable to a large commercial building slightly larger than a typical supermarket.

Weight

• one billion kilograms (2.2×10⁹ lb) would weigh about as much as 5,525 empty Boeing 747-400s.
• a cube of iron that weighs one billion pounds (450,000,000 kg) would be 1,521 feet 4 inches (0.28813 mi; 463.70 m) on each side.

Products

• As of July 2016, Apple has sold one billion iPhones.^[20] This makes the iPhone one of the most successful product lines in history, surpassing the PlayStation and the Rubik's Cube.
• As of July 2016, Facebook has 1.71 billion users.^[21]

Nature

• A small mountain, slightly larger than Stone Mountain Georgia, United States, would weigh (have a mass of) a billion tons.
• There are billions of worker ants in the largest ant colony in the world,^[22] which covers almost 4,000 miles (6,400 km) of the Mediterranean coast.
• in 1804, the world population was one billion.

Count

A is a cube; B consists of 1000 cubes of type A, C consists of 1000 Bs; and D consists of 1000 Cs. Thus there are 1 million As in C; and 1,000,000,000 As in D.

References