Bible translations into Russian

Biblia Ruska of Skaryna

The tradition of Bible translations in Christianity in Russia begins with Slavic translations of the Bible and Old Church Slavonic.

Tsar Peter the Great felt that the Russian people needed a Bible in the vernacular and authorized Pastor Johann Ernst Glück in 1703 to prepare such an edition. Glück died in 1705 and nothing is known of his work.

Early East Slavic translation projects

Francysk Skaryna (ca 1490-1552?) was the first to attempt the translation and printing of the Bible in Russian, based on the Slavonic and Czech Bibles.[1] August Hermann Francke (1663-1727) tried to produce a cheap Russian Bible, but the first Russian Bible to be successfully printed and widely distributed was the Elizabeth Bible of 1751.[2]

Orthodox Church version

The first Orthodox Church Bible appeared in 1876.[3] It was left to the 19th century in connection with the establishment of the Russian Bible Society (founded in 1812 at Saint Petersburg, with the consent of Alexander I) to prepare a Bible in the vernacular. The work was undertaken by Filaret, rector of the Theological Academy of Saint Petersburg (afterward metropolitan of Moscow), and other members of the faculty of the academy.

The Gospels were published in 1818 and in 1822 the entire New Testament. In 1820 the translation of the Old Testament was undertaken, and in 1822 Philaret's translation of the Psalms was published. In 1825 the Pentateuch, Joshua, Judges, and Ruth were issued. The year 1826 saw an end to the activity of the Bible Society in the ban put upon all kinds of private associations, even when non-political. Not before 1858 was the work of translation resumed. In 1876 the entire Bible was published in one volume. This translation is called the Synod Version. The Old Testament books, though based upon the Hebrew Bible, follow the order of the Septuagint and the Church Slavonic Bible. The Apocryphal books also form a part of the Russian Bible. The British and Foreign Bible Society also issued a Russian edition, omitting, however, the Apocrypha.

Recent versions

Since 1990 the Russian Bible Society and Protestants in Russia have produced newer translations into the Russian language. In September, 2000 the International Bible Society completed a Dynamic equivalence translation called Slovo Zhizny, the Russian equivalent of the English New International Version. In May 2015 the Bible Translation Institute (BTI) at Zaoksky Theological Seminary in Russia published jointly with St. Andrew's Biblical Theological Institute in Moscow a new translation of the Holy Scriptures from the original languages. This translation has been prepared by an inter-denominational team of scholars under the editorial direction of M.P. Kulakov and M.M. Kulakov.[4][5][6]Jehovah's Witnesses have translated their New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures into Russian.

References

  1. ↑ The Slavs in European History and Civilization - Page 307 Francis Dvornik - 1962 "He was followed by the Belo-Russian Skorina, who had conceived the plan of printing the first Bible in Russian. He started to realize his plan in Prague, basing himself on the texts of the Bible in Church Slavonic and of the Czech Bible ...
  2. ↑ Pietism and the making of eighteenth-century Prussia - Page 193 Richard L. Gawthrop - 1993 "Francke's dream of a cheap Russian Bible was never realized, the "Elizabeth" Bible of 1751 , the first Bible in Russian to go through several editions, was prepared by translators trained at the Halle press."
  3. ↑ Journal of the Moscow Patriarchate - 1978 "The latest edition of the Bible for the 100th anniversary of the first Bible in Russian came out in 1976. "
  4. ↑ http://standrews.ru/rus/bibliya-sovremennyiy-russkiiy-perevod.html
  5. ↑ http://www.newsru.com/religy/22may2015/bibel_uebersetzung.html
  6. ↑ http://www.bogoslov.ru/text/4547853/index.html
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