Mundari language

Mundari
Native to India, Bangladesh, Nepal
Ethnicity Munda
Native speakers
 1.6 million (2001 census)[1]
Austroasiatic
Dialects
  • Bhumij
Mundari Bani, Devanagari, Bengali script, Oriya script, Latin script
Language codes
ISO 639-3 unr – inclusive code
Individual code:
unx – "Munda" (Killi; duplicate code)
Glottolog mund1320[2]

Mundari (Muɳɖa) is a Munda language of the Austroasiatic language family spoken by the Munda people, and is closely related to Santali and Ho.Ho and Mundari are linguistically close but the ethnic identity of the speakers is distinct.So,Some researchers and scholars said that Ho and Mundari are two sister languages[3],[4] .Mundari is primarily spoken by Munda tribal people in east India, Bangladesh, and Nepal. Mundari Bani, a script specifically to write Mundari, was invented by Rohidas Singh Nag.[5][6]The Ho is a sister tribe of the Munda tribal community. It is believed that Ho speakers were originally Mundas. In course of time, some fourteen to seventeen century A.D., they parted aside for unknown reason and migrated from Bandhgaon-Khunti region and settled down in Singhbhum or Kolhan region.[7] So,Ho and Mundari are linguistically similar.[8]

Dialects

Toshiki Osada (2008:99), citing the Encyclopaedia Mundarica (vol. 1, p. 6), lists the following dialects of Mundari, which are spoken mostly in Jharkhand state.

Bhumij, listed in many sources as a separate language, may in fact be a variety of the Latar (Tamaria) dialect of Mundari. It is spoken across Jharkhand state and in Mayurbhanj district, Odisha (Anderson 2008:196). There may be around 50,000 Bhumij speakers. [9]

Counting

Mundari Transliteration Translation
मिसा Missa Once
बरसा Birsa Twice
अपिसा Apisa Thrice
उपनुसा Upnisa four times
मोंड़ेसा Mondesa Five times
तुरिसा Turisa Six times
ए'सा Eh sa Seven times
इरलसा Erklsa Eight Times
अरे-सा Are sa Nine times
गेलसा Gelsa Ten times

Relations

Mundari Transliteration Translation
ऐंन्गा Enga Mother
आपूम Apum Father
हग्गा Hagga Brother
मिस्सी Missi Sister
गुया Guya Sister/brother of sister/brother in law
गतिंग Gatin Friend

Verb

Mundari Transliteration Translation
रिकाएआ-करेगा Rikā'ē'ā Does
ओलेआ Ol'ē'ā Write
जगरेआ Jagor'ē'ā Talk
पढ़वएआ Padv'ē'ā Read
लेलेआ Lel'ē'ā Look/ See
सेनेआ Sen'ē'ā Come along with
नमेआ Nem'ē'ā Found
निरेआ Nir'ē'ā Run
सबेआ Sab'ē'ā Hold
लेका एआ Leka'ē'ā Count
मुकाएआ Muka'ē'ā Measure
रिका एआ Rika'ē'ā Cut

Samples

Mundari Transliteration Translation
सिंगी बोंगा मरांग बोंगा । Singi bonga marang bonga Sun is almighty.
अमा नुतुम चिकना ? Amā lutum kanā What is your name?
अियन नुतुम रिमिल तना । A̔iy lutum Rimil tanā. My name is Rimil.
अम कोते सेनो तना? Am kōtēm sēnō tanā Where are you going?
नेते हुजू में Nētē hijū mē Come here.
अम चिल्का मेना ? Am cilkā mēnāme How are you?
आलोम नाक खुजाओ में Ālama nāka khujā'ō maiṁ Don't scratch your nose.
जागर लाई पैसा लॉगो। Jāgar natin paisā lagawa Talking costs money.
अम सिनेमा लाई सेनो तना चि का ? Ām cinēmā lel sēnō tanā cī . Will you go to Cinema?
अम चिकम चिका ताना ? Am kanam cekā tānā? What are you doing?
एमके चिकना मेना ? Ēmakē cikanā mēnā? you have any problem
अम कोते ते हिजु ताना ? Ām kōtēm senoh tānā? Where did you go?
अम कोते ते हिजु ताना ? Koteyam hijuh tan Where are you coming from?
थड़ीआ Thaṛī'ā Utensils.
बहा Baā Flower.

References

  1. ↑ Mundari at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
    "Munda" (Killi; duplicate code) at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
  2. ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian, eds. (2016). "Mundari". Glottolog 2.7. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  3. ↑ livingtongues
  4. ↑ Anderson, edited by Gregory S. (2008). The Munda languages (1. publ. ed.). London: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-32890-X.
  5. ↑ http://www.oneindia.com/2006/05/15/bms-to-intensify-agitation-on-mundari-language-1147760918.html
  6. ↑ [https://web.archive.org/web/20161108183956/http://www.stscodisha.gov.in/pdf/June-Dec-2012-Vol-1-2.pdf "Adivasi. Volume 52. Number 1&2. June&December 2012".}} Page 22
  7. ↑ Houlton, Sir John, Bihar: The Heart of India, 1949, pp. 132, 138-139, 166-169, Orient Longmans, Kolkata.
  8. ↑ Anderson, Gregory D. S., Toshiki Osada and K. David Harrison. "Ho and the other Kherwarian Languages" In Gregory Anderson (ed.) Munda Languages. (2008). Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-32890-6
  9. ↑ http://www.punemirror.in/pune/civic/Keeping-Munda-in-mind/articleshow/54369782.cms

Further reading

Texts


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