Bhopali

Bhopali, also known as Bhoop, Bhoopali or Bhupali, (Hin: भूपाली / भोपाली) is a Hindustani classical raga. It is a pentatonic scale (uses 5 notes in ascending and descending scale). Most of the songs in this raga are based on Bhakti rasa. Since it uses 5 notes, it belongs to the "Audav jaati" of ragas.

The same raga in Carnatic music is known as Mohanam.

Raga Bhoopali, Raga Yaman and Raga Bhairav tend to be the three basic ragas of Hindustani music, learnt first by its students.[1]

Theory

Karhade (2011) explains that raga Bhopali consists of just 5 notes - स रे ग प ध (sa, re, ga, pa and dha).[2] It does not use Ma (also called Madhyam) and Ni (also called Nishadh).[2]

The Introduction consists of two parts - Aroh आरोह (where the notes are simply recited on an ascending scale) and avaroha (where the roles are simply recited on a descending order)[2]

Thereafter, with these same five notes, different combinations are made by the singer, similar to short phrases, also called "chalan".[2]

Writing about the musical theory of Indian classical music is fraught with complications. There is no universally accepted set of rules or formal method of writing notations. However, the Bhatkhande and Paluskar paddhatis are the two ways of writing down musical notations. Indian music has always been more of an aural tradition, and written word has never been an essential part of imparting talim (training/knowledge).

Aroha & Avaroha

The scale of Bhopali uses only Shuddh swaras.

Vadi & Samavadi

Gandhar - ga (here-after G but not to be confused with note G of western music notations)

Dhaivat - Dha (here-after D but not to be confused with note D of western music notations)

Pakad & Chalan

The Pakad (catchphrase that often helps in identifying a raga) is:

S R G R S D1 S R G

or:

S R G R S D1 S R G P G D P G R S

or:

G R P G G R S R D1 S

or:

G R S D1 S R G R P G D P G R S

Some chalans (elaborations of the pakad) are:

1. S R G R S D1 S R G
2. S R G R S D1 P1
3. P1 D1 S R G R G
4. S R P G
5. G R S R G P
6. G P D P D D S’
7. P G P D P D S’ R’ G’ R’ G’
8. G’ R’ S’ D P G R S

Note: Normally written swaras (individual notes) indicate the middle octave. A swara immediately followed by 1 indicates the mandra saptak (lower octave) and ' indicates the taar saptak (higher octave

A few movements in Bhopali are important to note. There is typically a slide when descending between Sa and Dha, as well as between Pa and Ga. These slides parallel each other and can be used to create a symmetry about how the Swaras are developed. Also, many performers will bring out the Kalyan flavor of Bhopali by using abhasi of the notes Shuddha Ni and Tivra Ma. That is to say, these notes are only vaguely suggested in passing ornaments, not actually sung for long enough for the Swara to become a clear part of the Raga. Some examples would be:

(N1)D1 S

P(m)P(m) D P

where the notes in parenthesis are connected by slides or sung as meend.

Bandish

This bandish is bound with Teentaal (16 beats).

1 2 3 4| 5 6 7 8|9 10 11 12|13 14 15 16|

ASTHAYI:

D2 S D2 P |G2 R2 S R2|

G2 _ G2 P |G2 R2 S _ |

S R2 G2 P |R2 G2 P D2|

G2 P D2 P |G2 R2 S _ |

ANTARA:

G2 _ G2 G2|P _ D2 P|

S' _ S'S'|D3 R3 S' _|

G3 G3 R3 S'|R3 R3 S' D3|

S' _ D2 P |G2 R2 S _|

The Asthayi starts with the 9th beat.

Organization & relationships

Raga Bhoopali belongs to the Kalyan Thaat.

Related ragas: Deshkar (a pentatonic raga belonging to the Bilawal Thaat with the same scale as Bhoopali). Shuddha Kalyan is another similar raga.

Behavior

Behavior refers to practical aspects of the music. It is complicated to talk about this for Hindustani music since many of the concepts are fluid, changing, or archaic. The following information cannot be accurate, but it can attempt to reflect how the music existed.

Samay (Time)

Raat ka pehla pehr First part of night.(6 to 9)

Seasonality

Certain ragas have seasonal associations.

Rasa

Bhakti Rasa (Devotional)

Historical Information

Important Recordings

E ri Aaj Bhaeelawa
Pratham sur saadhe (vilambit)

Lage re nain tum se - Ustad Fateh Ali Khan
Jab Se Tumi San Lagali - Kishori Amonkar
Sahela Re - Kishori Amonkar

Film Songs based on Bhoopali

Bhopali is a popular raga used in Indian folk songs, and thus in Hindi and other regional film songs.[2]

Hindi:

Marathi:

See also

References

  1. ↑ Pathak Yajurvedi, Dr. Sarita. "Lecture - Raag Bhopali (Edusat)". www.youtube.com. Bharti College, University of Delhi. Retrieved 5 December 2016.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 Karhade, Aradhana. "Raag Bhopali (Uploaded 20 January 2011)". www.youtube.com. Karhade, A. Retrieved 5 December 2016.
  3. ↑ "Songs based on Raaga Bhopali". www.soundofindia.com. Sound of India. Retrieved 5 December 2016.
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