Bhanusimha Thakurer Padabali

Rabindranath Tagore at the time he wrote the first "Bhanusimha" song, 1877. A sketch by Gaganendranath Tagore.

Bhanusimha Thakurer Padabali (Bengali: ভানুসিংহ ঠাকুরের পদাবলী, Bhanushingho Thakurer Padabali; lit. The Songs of Bhanushingho Thakur) is a collection of Vaishnava lyrics composed in Brajabuli by Rabindranath Tagore. It was published in 1884. These lyrics, which were earlier brought out in several issues of Bharati magazine, were first anthologized in 1884. Later, Tagore described composing these songs in his reminiscences Jiban Smriti. Rabindranath Tagore wrote his first substantial poems titled Bhanusimha Thakurer Padabali in Brajabuli under the pseudonym Bhānusiṃha ("Sun Lion") at age sixteen.

The anthology has 22 songs out of which only nine exists in Swarabitan (Vol. XXI), collection of notations of Tagore’s music.

Background

Young Tagore was attracted to the Maithili poems collected in Prachin Kavya Samgraha, edited by Akshay Chandra Sarkar and Sarada Charan Mitra. From Sarkar he learned of Thomas Chatterton, “a young boy who used to imitate the ancient poets”. Inspired by this example, Tagore prepared himself to be a “second Chatterton”.[1] The first song "Gahana Kusumakunja-majhe" was probably composed in 1877. No manuscript survives, except of the song "Gabhir Needame Abasha Shyama Mama", which was probably written in Ahmedabad in 1878.[2] It is difficult to put these songs in chronological order.[3] Some songs, like "Marana Re, Tunhu Mama Shyamasamana", "Ko Tunhu Bolabi Moye" and "Aaju Sakhi Muhu Muhu" were composed much later.[3]

Bhanusimha Thakurer Padavali was published on 1 July 1884. It was dedicated to Kadambari Devi, Tagore’s sister-in-law who was eager to see the poems published, but committed suicide in 1883.[4]

Theme

The Bhanusimha poems chronicle the romance between Radha and Krishna which is a traditional theme of Indian poetry.

Kausambi feels the Bhanusimha poems chronicle the romance between Radha and Krishna which is a traditional theme of Indian poetry. The poet sought connection with divinity through appeal to nature and the emotional interplay of human drama. He repeatedly revised the poems over the following seventy years.[5][6] Song VIII of Bhanusimha Thakurer Padavali:

গহন কুসুমকুঞ্জ-মাঝে মৃদুল মধুর বংশি বাজে,
বিসরি ত্রাস-লোকলাজে সজনি, আও আও লো।
পিনহ চারু নীল বাস, হৃদয়ে প্রণয়কুসুমরাশ,
হরিণনেত্রে বিমল হাস, কুঞ্জবনমে আও লো॥
ঢালে কুসুম সুরভভার, ঢালে বিহগ সুরবসার,
ঢালে ইন্দু অমৃতধার বিমল রজত ভাতি রে।
মন্দ মন্দ ভৃঙ্গ গুঞ্জে, অযুত কুসুম কুঞ্জে কুঞ্জে,
ফুটল সজনি, পুঞ্জে পুঞ্জে বকুল যূথি জাতি রে॥
দেখ সখি, শ্যামরায় নয়নে প্রেম উথল যায়,
মধুর বদন অমৃতসদন চন্দ্রমায় নিন্দিছে।
আও আও সজনিবৃন্দ, হেরব সখি শ্রীগোবিন্দ
শ্যামকো পদারবিন্দ ভানুসিংহ বন্দিছে॥
Gohon kushumokunjo-majhe mridulo modhuro bongshi baje,
Bishori trash-loukolaje shojoni, ao ao lou.
pinaha (meaning: attire) charu nil bash, hridoye pronoyokushumorash,
Horinonetre bimol hash, kunjobonme ao lo.
Dhale kushumo shurobhobhar, dhale bihoga shuroboshar,
Dhale indu omritodhar bimol rojoto bhati re.
Mondo mondo bhringo gunje, oyuto kushumo kunje kunje,
Phutolo shojoni, punje punje bokulo yuthi jati re.
dekha sakhi, Shyamoray noyone prem utholo jai,
Modhuro bodono omritoshodono chondromai nindichhe.
Ao ao shojonibrindo, herobo shokhi Shri Goubindo
Shyamkou podorobindo Bhanushingho bondichhe.

Songs

Bhanusimha Thakurer Padavali has 23 songs altogether, which includes:

References

  1. ↑ Tagore, Rabindranath. "Bhanusimher Kabita". Jibansmriti (in Bengali). Kolkata: Visva-Bharati. pp. 85–86.
  2. ↑ Paul, Prashanta Kumar. Rabijibani (in Bengali). II. Kolkata: Ananda Publishers Private Limited. p. 10.
  3. 1 2 Paul, Prashanta Kumar. Rabijibani (in Bengali). I. Kolkata: Ananda Publishers Private Limited. p. 310.
  4. ↑ Paul, Prashanta Kumar. Rabijibani (in Bengali). II. Kolkata: Ananda Publishers Private Limited. p. 210.
  5. ↑ Stewart & Twichell 2003, p. 95
  6. ↑ Stewart & Twichell 2003, p. 7
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