National Theatre in Belgrade

National Theatre in Belgrade

National Theatre in Belgrade logo
Address Francuska 3
Belgrade
Serbia
Construction
Opened 1869
Rebuilt 1912, 1922, 1941, 1965, 1989
Architect Aleksandar Bugarski
Website
www.narodnopozoriste.rs

The National Theatre (Serbian: Народно позориште у Београду / Narodno Pozorište u Beogradu) was founded in the later half of the 19th century. It is located on Republic Square, at the corner of Vasina and Francuska Street in Belgrade, Serbia. With the raising of this building as well as with the implementation of the Regulations Plan of Town in Trench by Josimović[1] from 1867, the conditions were made for the formation of today’s main Republic Square in Belgrade. Built back in 1868, the National Theatre, following the fate of its own people and the country, went through different phases of the architectural and artistic development, surviving as a symbol of Serbian culture, tradition and spirituality. Today, under its roof, there are three artistic ensembles - Opera, Drama and Ballet.

The National Theatre was declared a Monument of Culture of Great Importance in 1983, and it is protected by the Republic of Serbia.[2]

History

In 1868, the Serbian National Theatre from Novi Sad (then the capital of Serbian culture in Austria-Hungary) performed in Belgrade (then the capital of the Principality of Serbia). Prince Michael, impressed by the performances he experienced, invited Jovan Đorđević (the founder of the Novi Sad Serbian National Theatre) to found a similar institution in Serbia. Having accepted, Jovan Đorđević came to Belgrade with half of his company of actors and founded the National Theatre in Belgrade, seven years after having founded the Novi Sad theatre.

The National Theatre Square in Belgrade, in 1895
The National Theatre c. 1930.

The National Theatre building

The National Theatre in 2012.

The National Theatre Belgrade was built in 1869 according to the design of Aleksandar Bugarski, the most productive architect of Belgrade in the 19th century. The decision to construct a special building for the theatre was made by Knez Mihailo Obrenović. The building was a typical theatre building at the time and was particularly reminiscent of La Scala, Milan, with regard to its Renaissance conception and the decorative finish. Later, reconstructions completely changed the original appearance. The heavy reconstruction was made in 1986 when the theatre regained the 1922 look and an annex was built towards Braće Jugovića Street. Beside theatrical purposes, the hall has been used for charity balls and concerts during the 19th century. The Great Constitutional Assembly adopted the famous 1888 Constitution in this building.

The building was hit during the heavy „Easter bombing“ of Belgrade by the Allies on 16 April 1944.[3]

Performance facilities

The National Theatre Belgrade has 2 halls for performing arts.

The Grand Hall has 3 levels. The ground level has 219 seats in total with the seats at the front being most expensive. There are 3 balconies in the theatre with the first one being the most expensive.

Large operas, dramas and ballets are presented at the Grand Hall.

Raša Plaović has 281 seats and with no balconies. It is much smaller and less beautiful then the Grand Hall. Smaller scale dramas are played out on this stage.

The events of 1999

During one of the toughest times in Serbian history, which is the 1999 NATO bombing, this theatre was the only one to open its doors to the public during the 78-day air raids. For only 1 dinar, opera, plays and ballets were performed to the public. The performance times were very unusual, from 15:00 to 18:00. It was done because in that period of time there were not NATO air strikes on Belgrade. World well-known opera conductor, maestro Alberto Zedda, said once that during those horrible days Belgrade Opera was proudly writing the most dignified pages of history of world opera.

Drama, opera, ballet

Drama

The activity of Drama of the National Theatre can be viewed as a development in four stages: from 1868 till 1914, from 1918 till 1941, from 1945 until 1991, and from 1991 till today. The first stage is marked by many tragedies and enactments inspired by medieval and modern history, like The Death of Uroš V by Stefan Stefanović. The characteristic of the repertoire of the National Theatre, especially at the end of the 19th century were plays with singing like dramatizations of Stevan Sremac’s popular short stories: Zona Zamfirova and Ivkova Slava.

In the first two decades of the 20th century the broadening of subject matters was noticeable. Beside Branislav Nušić others like Simo Matavulj, Vojislav Jovanović Marambo, Mirabo and Milivoj Predić must be mentioned. Koštana by Borisav Stanković was first shown at the very beginning of the 20th century and it has remained the cult performance of this theatre till this day. In the first stage on the repertoire of the National Theatre were plays written by the most significant writers of all periods: from the earliest (Sophocles), to Shakespeare, Calderon, Molière, Racine, Goldoni, Rostand, Gete, Ibsen, Strindberg, Gogol, Ostrovsky, Chekhov and Gorky.

The Grand Hall

Between the two world wars, speaking of domestic dramaturgy, the plays of Jovan Sterija Popović, Branislav Nušić, Milutin Bojić, Borisav Stanković, Ivo Vojnović, Milan Begović, Ivan Cankar and Todor Manojlović were staged.

In the period from 1945 till 1953 the plays with clear political message were played. Political changes and certain liberalization characterise the relationship towards the foreign dramaturgy and discovering of the American drama and the works of Jonesco and Becket.

The seventies and eighties were marked by plays of Borislav Mihajlović Mihiz, Aleksandar Popović, Žarko Komanin, Ljubomir Simović and Jovan Hristić. The National Theatre opened its door to the contemporary world dramaturgy. Plays by Martin Mcdona, Erich Emanuel Schmidt, Nina Valsa, Jasmina Reza, Pavel Kohout are played and plays by Serbian contemporary writers Siniša Kovačević, Vida Ognjenović, Jelena Kajgo, Miloš Nikolić, Stevan Pešić can be seen on the stage of the National Theatre.

Opera

The music ensemble of the National Theatre in Belgrade worked towards being a professional opera ensemble from 1882. The present chief conductor is Dejan Savić, and the principal concertmaster is Edit Makedonska.

As an independent ensemble, the Opera of the National Theatre began its work in 1919. On 11 February 1919, under the leadership of the first music director of the Opera Sector of the National Theatre, Stanislav Binički, a conductor, the opera Madam Butterfly by Giacomo Puccini, was performed. The first opera performances were received very favourably, most of them were operas by Italian composers (Rossini, Verdi), while Serbian music was represented by the works of Stevan Hristić (The sunset), and Petar Konjović (Prince of Zeta).

Lobby at the National Theatre

In the ten years 1924 to 1933 Stevan Hristić was the director of the Belgrade Opera. This period marked an expansion of the repertoire and the first tour abroad. Conductors such as Lovro Matačić, Ivan Brezovšek, directors Branko Gavela and Josip Kulundžić were notable in the period between the two wars. Russian singers prevailed in the ensemble, but there were also Serbian singers such as Zdenka Zikova, Melanija Bugarinović and Nikola Cvejić; as well as Bosnian singers such as Bahrija Nuri Hadžić.

After the Second World War, conductor Oskar Danon quickly renewed the activities of the Opera as its general manager. Special attention was dedicated to the domestic opera composers.

The golden period of the Belgrade Opera saw significant development and international affirmation of the Serbian operatic art. Starting in 1954 with a very successful performance of Boris Godunov by Modest Mussorgsky in Switzerland as a part of a concert cycle 'Clubhouse', and gramophone recordings of seven major Russian operas for Decca. The Decca series was supported by Gerald Severn, an émigré white Russian. The venue found in the then Yugoslav capital for the first batch of recordings was the cinema in the Dome of Culture (House of culture) complex, but which could only be used after the last film of the day (around 11pm) so sessions took place at night.[4] Prince Igor and Khovanschina were recorded in February 1955, with Eugene Onegin, Life for the Tsar, Snow Maiden and Queen of Spades in September and October that year, all among the early Decca stereo records.[5] The company's recording of Boris Godunov took place in Zagreb between the other sets of sessions.[5]

The culmination of this 'golden period' was an outstanding production of Mazeppa by Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky on the stage of the Theater das Westerns in West Berlin. The most eminent foreign critics pointed out the wholeness of the performance, good teamwork and the beauty of the performing, outstanding soloist creations, acoustic superiority, the homogeneity of the choir and the professional playing of the orchestra of the National Theatre from Belgrade. The opera has attracted talented musicians, including Sándor Szabó[6] and others.

Ballet

Ballet has always been a great part of the National Theatre Belgrade. One of its most important and most watched ballet performances is the Swan Lake. Ballet of the National Theatre is very well known by its world premieres. One of the titles national Ballet is proud the most is Anna Karenina by Russian composer Schedrin, as well as The Legend from Ohrid by Serbian composer S. Hristic.

List of directors of the National Theatre in Belgrade

Director from since
Jovan Đorđević 1. XI 1868. 5. I 1871.
Đorđe Maletić 5. I 1871. 11. XII 1871.
Milan A. Simić 11. XII 1871. 22. X 1875.
Jovan Đorđević 22. X 1875. 1. IV 1877.
Milorad Popović Šapčanin 1. IV 1877. 12. XI 1877.
Milan A. Simić 12. XI 1877. 5. III 1880.
Milorad Popović Šapčanin 5. III 1880. 15. VIII 1893.
Dr Nikola Petrović 15. VIII 1893. 14. VII 1900.
Branislav Nušić 14. VII 1900. 14. I 1902.
Jovan Đ. Dokić 15. I 1903. 15. V 1903.
Dragomir Janković 15. V 1903. 30. VII 1906.
Dr Nikola Petrović 30. VII 1906. 29. XI 1906.
Mihajlo Marković 29. XI 1906. 17. VII 1909.
Milan Grol 17. VII 1909. 31. III 1910.
Milorad Gavrilović 31. III 1910. 30. XII 1911.
Milan Grol 1. IX 1911. 28. VII 1914.
Milutin Čekić 1. XII 1918. 5. VIII 1919.
Milan Grol 5. VIII 1919. 28. II 1924.
Milan Predić 1. III 1924. 11. XI 1924.
Velimir Živojinović Masuka 11. XI 1924. 21. VIII 1925.
Milan Predić 21. VIII 1925. 14. VIII 1933.
Dragoslav Ilić 14. VIII 1933. 21. II 1935.
Dr Branislav Vojnović 21. II 1935. 28. IX 1939.
Milan Predić 13. X 1939. 26. VI 1940.
Momir Veljković 26. VII 1940. 1. VIII 1941.
Jovan Popović 1. VIII 1941. 30. XII 1944.
Milan Predić 1. I 1945. 30. IV 1947.
Velibor Gligorić 1. VII 1947. 30. VIII 1950.
Milan Bogdanović 1. IX 1950. 31. III 1962.
Gojko Miletić 1. VII 1962. 29. II 1972.
Velimir Lukić 15. VI 1972. 16. IV 1990.
Vida Ognjenović 16. IV 1990. 1993.
Aleksandar Berček 21. I 1993. 10. V 1997.
Nebojša Bradić 16. IV 1997. 13. VII 1999.
Željko Simić 13. VII 1999. X 2000.
Ljubivoje Tadić 12. XII 2000. 31. III 2005.
Dejan Savić 31. III 2005. 23. XI 2007.
Predrag Ejdus 23. XI 2007. 11. XI 2009.
Božidar Đurović 22. X 2009. 04. X 2012.

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Emilijan Josimovic - Beograd 1867". www.staribeograd.com. Retrieved 2015-09-28.
  2. ↑ Monuments of Culture in Serbia: Народно позориште / National Theatre (SANU) (in Serbian) (in English)
  3. ↑ J. Gajić (15–16 April 2017). "Na praznik padale bombe" (in Serbian). Politika. p. 27.
  4. ↑ Walker, Malcolm. Two-channel pathfinder (interview with Roy G Wallace). International Classical Record Collector, Autumn 1997, p52-62.
  5. 1 2 Philip Stuart. Decca Classical, 1929-2009 (Discography) .
  6. ↑ Independent Press (March 15, 2012). "Concert alert: Oratorio Society Performs a romantic spring Brahms program". nj.com. Retrieved 2012-09-25. About Dr. Sandor Szabo ... teaching piano at the University of Music Arts, Novi Sad, and working as Assistant Conductor/Accompanist at the Ser-bian National Opera. Dr. Szabo has studied with many distinguished musicians, including conducting with Stanko Sepic, Ann Howard Jones and Joseph Flummerfelt; piano with Zol-tan Kocsis, Nevena Popovic, Anthony di Bonaventura and Tong Il Han; organ with Gabor Lehotka, Max Miller, Eugene Roan and McNeil Robinson; and harpsichord with Mark Kroll. ...

Coordinates: 44°49′00″N 20°27′38″E / 44.8167°N 20.4606°E / 44.8167; 20.4606

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