Isparta

Isparta
Municipality

Isparta from the air (February 2011)
Isparta
Coordinates: 37°45′53″N 30°33′24″E / 37.76472°N 30.55667°E / 37.76472; 30.55667Coordinates: 37°45′53″N 30°33′24″E / 37.76472°N 30.55667°E / 37.76472; 30.55667
Country Turkey
Province Isparta
District Isparta
Government
 • Mayor Yusuf Ziya Günaydın (MHP)
Area[1]
 • District 682.41 km2 (263.48 sq mi)
Population (2012)[2]
 • Urban 198,385
 • District 219,904
 • District density 320/km2 (830/sq mi)
Post code 32000
Website www.isparta.bel.tr

Isparta (Greek: Σπάρτη, also Baris/Βάρις in Byzantine Greek) is a city in western Turkey and the capital of Isparta Province. As Ancient Baris, a former city and bishopric of Pisidia, it remains a Catholic titular see. The city's population was 222,556 in 2010 and its elevation is 1035 m. It is also known as the "City of Roses".

Süleyman Demirel University has introduced thousands of youths from various backgrounds to the city's mostly conservative fabric in the recent years. The city's football team, Ispartaspor, currently plays in Group 7 of the Turkish Regional Amateur League.

Isparta is well-connected to other parts of Turkey via roads. Antalya lies 130 km to the south and Eskişehir is 350 km to the north.

History

Isparta corresponds to the ancient city of Baris, which (has a namesakes and) was part of the Roman province of Pisidia. At an early stage it became a Christian bishopric, a suffragan of the Metropolitan see of Antioch of Pisidia, the capital of the province. The names of two of its bishops are known with certainty: Heraclius participated in the First Council of Nicaea in 325, and Leo in the Second Council of Nicaea in 787. In addition, Paulus was at the Council of Constantinople (869) and Stephanus was at the Council of Constantinople (879), but one or both of these may have been of the Baris in the Roman province of Hellespontus.[3][4] Like most sees in Asia Minor, it faded.

On November 30, 2007, Atlasjet Flight 4203 crashed on approach to Isparta Süleyman Demirel Airport, killing all 57 passengers and crew.

Sights

The city lies close to a fault line and is thus prone to violent earthquakes. Some historical buildings and houses remain from the 19th century, but are rare compared to the number of modern buildings. There are several important mosques in Isparta, including the pre-Ottoman Hızır Bey Mosque (c. 1325), the Kutlubey or Ulu (Grand) Mosque (1429, with major restorations made in the 19th century) and Hacı Abdi Mosque (1569). The city also boasts a mosque by the Ottoman Royal Architect Mimar Sinan - the 16th century's Firdevs Pasa mosque. This mosque is also known as Mimar Sinan Mosque. There are several remains of Greek Orthodox churches from the Byzantine and Ottoman periods (14th-19th century). The Byzantine fortress is mostly in ruins.

Titular see

No longer a residential bishopric, Baris in Pisidia is today listed by the Catholic Church as a titular bishopric, nominal suffragan of Nicomedia,[5] since the diocese was nominally restored in 1933. Latin adjective Baren(us) in Pisidia (Latin).

It is vacant since decades, having had the following incumbents, so far of the fitting Episcopal (lowest) rank : [6]

Economy

The main economic activities of Isparta are the production of rose water and handmade carpets. Tourism, both local and increasingly international due to "biblical tourism", is also becoming an important source of revenue for the city.

In the early 20th century, carpetmaking was a major industry in Isparta.[7]

Climate

Isparta has a climate type between Mediterranean (Köppen climate classification: Csa) and Central Anatolia's typical climate type (Köppen climate classification: Dsa). Winters are cool and rainy, summers are hot and dry. The lakes around the city have important influence on the climate. Rainfall occurs mostly in January and December in a year. Monthly rainy days reduce until August. Rainy days increase again with September.

Climate data for Isparta
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 17.6
(63.7)		 19.0
(66.2)		 26.8
(80.2)		 28.4
(83.1)		 32.0
(89.6)		 36.2
(97.2)		 42.3
(108.1)		 41.2
(106.2)		 35.6
(96.1)		 31.2
(88.2)		 25.4
(77.7)		 20.0
(68)		 42.3
(108.1)
Average high °C (°F) 6.4
(43.5)		 7.8
(46)		 11.6
(52.9)		 16.5
(61.7)		 21.7
(71.1)		 26.5
(79.7)		 30.3
(86.5)		 30.5
(86.9)		 26.5
(79.7)		 20.4
(68.7)		 13.8
(56.8)		 8.2
(46.8)		 18.35
(65.03)
Daily mean °C (°F) 1.9
(35.4)		 2.9
(37.2)		 6.1
(43)		 10.7
(51.3)		 15.5
(59.9)		 20.1
(68.2)		 23.5
(74.3)		 23.2
(73.8)		 18.7
(65.7)		 13.0
(55.4)		 7.5
(45.5)		 3.5
(38.3)		 12.22
(54)
Average low °C (°F) −1.8
(28.8)		 −1.2
(29.8)		 1.0
(33.8)		 4.9
(40.8)		 8.6
(47.5)		 12.4
(54.3)		 15.4
(59.7)		 15.1
(59.2)		 10.9
(51.6)		 6.7
(44.1)		 2.4
(36.3)		 −0.3
(31.5)		 6.18
(43.12)
Record low °C (°F) −19.2
(−2.6)		 −21.0
(−5.8)		 −18.5
(−1.3)		 −7.7
(18.1)		 −1.2
(29.8)		 4.4
(39.9)		 4.9
(40.8)		 7.0
(44.6)		 −0.8
(30.6)		 −4.2
(24.4)		 −11.5
(11.3)		 −15.0
(5)		 −21
(−5.8)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 78.8
(3.102)		 62.6
(2.465)		 56.8
(2.236)		 52.7
(2.075)		 53.6
(2.11)		 32.4
(1.276)		 14.3
(0.563)		 11.2
(0.441)		 16.8
(0.661)		 37.5
(1.476)		 45.6
(1.795)		 83.1
(3.272)		 545.4
(21.472)
Average rainy days 12.5 11.1 11.1 10.7 10.7 6.8 3.0 2.2 3.6 6.6 7.9 12 98.2
Mean monthly sunshine hours 120.9 134.4 186 207 269.7 324 359.6 347.2 291 220.1 156 102.3 2,718.2
Source #1: Turkish State Meteorological Service [8]
Source #2: Hong Kong Observatory [9]

International relations

Twin towns — Sister cities

Isparta is twinned with:

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Area of regions (including lakes), km²". Regional Statistics Database. Turkish Statistical Institute. 2002. Retrieved 2013-03-05.
  2. ↑ "Population of province/district centers and towns/villages by districts - 2012". Address Based Population Registration System (ABPRS) Database. Turkish Statistical Institute. Retrieved 2013-02-27.
  3. ↑ Michel Lequien, Oriens christianus in quatuor Patriarchatus digestus, Paris 1740, Vol. I, coll. 1049-1050
  4. ↑ Raymond Janin, v. 2. Baris, in Dictionnaire d'Histoire et de Géographie ecclésiastiques, vol. VI, 1932, col. 808
  5. ↑ Annuario Pontificio 2013 (Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2013 ISBN 978-88-209-9070-1), p. 847
  6. ↑ http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/former/t0281.htm GCatholic
  7. ↑ Prothero, G. W. (1920). Anatolia. London: H.M. Stationery Office. p. 110.
  8. ↑ http://www.mgm.gov.tr/veridegerlendirme/il-ve-ilceler-istatistik.aspx?m=ISPARTA. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  9. ↑ Climatological Normals of Isparta
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.