Barasoain Church

Barasoain Church
Our Lady of Mount Carmel Parish
Barasoain Church during the Independence Day rites drill, 2015.
Barasoain Church Republic of the Philippines
14°50′48″N 120°48′46″E / 14.846649°N 120.812679°E / 14.846649; 120.812679Coordinates: 14°50′48″N 120°48′46″E / 14.846649°N 120.812679°E / 14.846649; 120.812679
Location	Malolos City, Bulacan
Country	Philippines
Denomination	Roman Catholic
Website	http://www.barasoainchurch.org
History
Founded	31 August 1859
Dedication	Our Lady of Mount Carmel
Relics held	John Paul II
Associated people	Emilio Aguinaldo Felipe Calderon Pedro Paterno
Architecture
Status	Parish church
Functional status	Active
Heritage designation	Seat of the First Philippine Republic
Designated	1 August 1873
Architect(s)	Miguel Magpayo
Architectural type	Church
Style	Baroque
Completed	1885
Specifications
Number of domes	None
Number of towers	1
Materials	Adobe and concrete
Bells	5
Administration
Diocese	Roman Catholic Diocese of Malolos
Province	Ecclesiastical Province of Manila
Clergy
Bishop(s)	Jose F. Oliveros
Rector	Dario V. Cabral
Vicar(s)	Ronald Rey H. Mangon

Barasoain Church (also known as the Our Lady of Mt. Carmel Parish) is a Roman Catholic church built in 1888^[1] in Malolos, Bulacan.^[2] It is about 42 kilometers away from Manila. Having earned the title as the "Cradle of Democracy in the East, the most important religious building in the Philippines",^[3] and the site of the First Philippine Republic, the church is proverbial for its historical importance among Filipinos.

Etymology

The term "Barasoain" was derived from Barásoain in Navarre, Spain to which the missionaries found the place in Malolos in striking similarity. When the Filipino revolution broke out, the Spanish authorities coined the term "baras ng suwail," which means "dungeon of the defiant" because the church was a meeting place for anti-Spanish and anti-colonial illustrados.^[4]

History

Opening of the Malolos Congress in 1898

Barasoain was known before as "Bangkal" a part of Encomienda of Malolos integrated by Miguel Lopez de Legaspi with the town of Calumpit in April 5, 1572. When the Augustinian friars founded the Town of Malolos in 1580 as independent town, Bangkal was become villages of Malolos under the town church. a hermitage made of nipa and bamboo was constructed near the river between Maluslos (Malolos poblacion) and Barasoain for the people of Bangkal. In that same year, Malolos Friar Curate and Vicario Foraneo Fray Agustin Carreno, OSA established the first chapel at the old Ermita of the old Cemetery of Malolos. Abandoned in 1680, it served as the temporary visita of Barasoain, located in front of the Casa Tribunal (Presidencia), which is now commonly called "Casa Real de Malolos." A big fire in the 17th century destroyed the new church.

Another church building was commissioned and constructed on a new site, its present location—corner of Paseo del Congreso and Antonio Bautista streets. Under the supervision of Rev. Fr. Francisco Royo, O.S.A., the new church was built, made of light materials. In 1884, during the celebration of the Flores de Mayo (Nuestra Señora del Carmen), Patroness of the Parish, the temporary church was burned.^[5]

From 1630 to 1859, priests serving in Barasoain were from the nearby church, the mother church of the town which is Parroquia dela Inmaculada Concepcion of Malolos. Since the formal establishment of Barasoain as an independent parish to Malolos Church in 1859, several priests were assigned by the Augustinian Order, and later by the Archdiocese of Manila and Diocese of Malolos.

The separation of Barasoain and the construction of the church

In 1859, Barasoain was separated from Malolos. As a new town and parish, the Our Lady of Mt. Carmel was deemed to be its patroness. Fr. Francisco Arriola, appointed first parish on June 1, 1859, built the convent. A small ermita, constructed by Fr. Melchor Fernandez in 1816 while he was parish priest of Malolos (1816–1840), served as temporary parish church. One of the existing bells bears the year 1870. It was installed by Fr. Emterio Ruperez. It was donated by the “principalia (sic) of Malolos.” And dedicated to the Our Lady of Mt. Carmel of Barasoain. Fr. Francisco Royo replaced the temporary chapel with a hewn stone church built between 1871 and 1878. This was soon destroyed by fire. The only remnant of this church is one of its bells, installed by Fr. Royo on February 30, 1873 and dedicated to St. Francis Xavier.Fr. Juan Giron who succeeded him, used the chapel of the cemetery until this one, too, was destroyed by the earthquakes of 1880. Fr. Giron then built temporary chapel of nipa and bamboo which was burned down in 1884, during the solemn celebrations of the feast of Our Lady of Mt. Carmel.

In 1885, Fr. Giron hired the services of contractor by the name of Magpayo and started the construction of a massive church made of masonry and bricks. The church was completed under Fr. Giron’s supervision. Jorde does not specify the year of its completion; he says only that, “at the time it was completed the pockets of Fr. Giron were drained.” In 1889, Fr. Martin Arconada started the construction of the tower and the restoration of the convent. Three bells were installed in 1897. One of them is dedicated to St. Martin, Bishop, and was donated by Fr. Martin Arconada. In 1894, Fr. Miguel de Vera undertook another restoration of the convent.

Bell Tower of Barasoain Church

Philippine Revolution and the Malolos Congress

As tensions were brewing between the Filipino revolutionaries and the Americans who have arrived in the country in the wake of the Spanish-American War, the Philippine Revolutionary Government under the leadership of Emilio Aguinaldo decided to move the capital north from Cavite to Malolos in Bulacan. Plans were made to write a new constitution for the soon to be proclaimed Philippine Republic; Barasoain Church was chosen to be the site of the First Philippine Congress, otherwise known as the Malolos Congress, which convened on September 15, 1898 to draft what would become the Malolos Constitution.

On January 21, 1899, the Malolos Constitution was ratified. This paved way for the formal inauguration of the First Philippine Republic on January 23, 1899)^[6] with Emilio Aguinaldo taking oath as president. But the outbreak of the Philippine-American War on February 4 brought the republic into a crisis. The Malolos Congress held its last session on the last week of February as the Aguinaldo government left Malolos and transferred the capital to Nueva Ecija.

On March 31, 1899, the American forces captured Malolos and Barasoain as they were placed under American control.

Reunited with Malolos and subsequent events

In 1903, the town of Barasoain was abolished as the former town was decreed to be reunited with Malolos.

By Presidential Decree No. 260, Barasoain Church was proclaimed as a National Shrine by President Ferdinand Marcos on August 1, 1973.^[7] A museum was opened at the old convent of the church which is being managed by the National Historical Commission of the Philippines.

In the wake of the 1998 Philippine Centennial celebrations, the church became the venue for the inauguration of Joseph Estrada on June 30, 1998.^[4]

Philippine bill issue

Before 2002, the image of the church has been depicted in certain monetary bills, namely the English series one peso bill and the Pilipino, Ang Bagong Lipunan, and both the 1985 and 1997 New Design series ten peso bill together with an image of Apolinario Mabini (Andres Bonifacio on the 1997 version) on the other side. However, it was replaced by a ten-peso coin without the representation of the church. In 2009, local priests and Laban ng Bulacan movement officials, led by their chairman John Paul Albert Limpo, initiated a signature campaign to appeal to the Philippine Bangko Sentral restoring at least the image of the church in any present Philippine bill.^[8]

After three years of petition, in December 2010, upon the issuance of the "New Generation Currency" series for Philippine banknotes, the Barasoain Church is featured again in the Philippine banknotes, this time in the 200-peso denomination.^[9]

References

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Barasoain Church.

• Official website

Philippine Registry of Cultural Property (PRECUP)
Government cultural agencies	Cultural Center of the Philippines Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino National Archives National Commission for Culture and the Arts National Historical Commission of the Philippines National Library National Museum Sentro Rizal
Categories of cultural properties	UNESCO World Heritage Sites National Cultural Treasures Important Cultural Properties National Historical Landmarks National Shrines National Monuments National Heritage Houses Works of National Artists Marked Structures Other Cultural Properties
Related	National Cultural Heritage Act