Banded whiteface
| Banded whiteface | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Near Strzelecki Track, South Australia, Australia | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Family: | Pardalotidae |
| Genus: | Aphelocephala |
| Species: | A. nigricincta |
| Binomial name | |
| Aphelocephala nigricincta (North, 1895) | |
| Synonyms | |
|
Xerophila nigricincta North | |
The banded whiteface (Aphelocephala nigricincta) is a species of bird in the family Pardalotidae. It is endemic to dryer regions of Australia.
The ornithologist Alfred John North described the banded whiteface as Xerophila nigricincta in 1895, from specimens collected at Missionary Plains, Northern Territory.[2] Harry Church Oberholser pointed out that this genus name was invalid as it had been given to a genus of mollusc, hence it gained its current name Aphelocephala nigricincta in 1899.[3]
Description
The adult banded whiteface is around 10 cm (4 in) long. The upper parts of the body and head are greyish brown. The face has a white mask bordered by a darker band which runs vertically across the region of the eyes. The upper breast is pale blue-grey and the underparts white, separated by a prominent black band across the breast. There are red-brown patches on the flanks. The bill and legs are black and the eyes are white.[4] The plumage of male and female are alike and juveniles are duller.[5]
Behaviour
Like the other birds in its genus, the banded whiteface hops over open ground in pairs or small groups foraging for seeds and insects.[5]
Nesting takes place in winter from July to September or after a period of rain. Located on the ground near shrubs, the round hollow nest is constructed of twigs and grass and has a long tubular entrance.[6] Both the nest and the tunnel are lined with flowers and feathers.[5] The clutch consists of three or four matte white eggs with brown blotches mostly at the larger end. Tapered oval in shape, they are around 17 mm long by 13 mm wide.[6]
The banded whiteface has been reported to enter torpor at night in winter months, reawakening as it warms in the morning.[7]
Distribution and habitat
A nomadic or sedentary species moving according to seasonal conditions,[5] the banded whiteface is found in a very large range from southwestern Queensland across dryer parts of central and southern Australia into mid-Western Australia. It inhabits mulga woodland, gibber plains and sandhills, and frequenting saltbush and spinifex.[4]
References
- ↑ BirdLife International (2012). "Aphelocephala nigricincta". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 26 November 2013.
- ↑ Australian Biological Resources Study (12 February 2010). "Species Aphelocephala nigricincta (North, 1895)". Australian Faunal Directory. Canberra, Australian Capital Territory: Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts, Australian Government. Retrieved 21 February 2014.
- ↑ Oberholser, Harry C. (1899). "Some Untenable Names in Ornithology". Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 51 (1): 201–16 [214]. JSTOR 4062499.
- 1 2 Slater, Peter (1974). A Field Guide to Australian Birds: Passerines. Adelaide, South Australia: Rigby. pp. 154–55. ISBN 0-85179-813-6.
- 1 2 3 4 Trounson, Donald; Trounson, Molly (1989). Australian Birds (2nd ed.). PR Books. p. 122. ISBN 1875113193.
- 1 2 Beruldsen, Gordon (2003). Australian Birds: Their Nests and Eggs. Kenmore Hills, Queensland: self. p. 305. ISBN 0-646-42798-9.
- ↑ Geiser, Fritz; Körtner, Gerhard; Maddocks, Tracy A. Brigham, R. Mark (2006). "S22-4 Torpor in Australian birds" (PDF). Acta Zoologica Sinica. 52(Supplement): 405–08.