Balija dynasties
During the Vijayanagar period, the Balijas were appointed as tax-collectors. The empire was based on an expanding, cash-oriented economy, with the collection of taxes from both agriculture and trade regularized and enhanced by Balija tax-farming.[1][2]
Many of the Polygars, the local military chieftains of South India, belonged to the Balija caste.[3] The Vijayanagar rulers had a policy of consolidating power by granting Polygars local administrative rights in exchange for support from the soldiers that the Polygars put at their disposal in times of war.
Some of the Balija Nayaks eventually controlled some kingdoms and principalities after the breakdown of the Vijayanagara empire. These included:
- Madurai Nayaks[4]
- Tanjavur Nayaks[4]
- Chandragiri Nayaks who ruled Chandragiri [5]
- Gingee Nayaks / Chenchi Nayaks, Thundeera [5][6][7]
References
- ↑ Symbols of substance: court and state in Nāyaka Period Tamilnadu, by Vēlcēru Nārāyaṇarāvu, David Dean Shulman, Sanjay Subrahmanyam, p. 10, p. 218
- ↑ The Sacred centre as the focus of political interest: Volume 6 of Groningen Oriental studies, By Hans Bakker
- ↑ Some south Indian villages, by Gilbert Slater
- 1 2 Politics and Social Conflict in South India: The Non-Brahmin Movement and Tamil Separatism, 1916 to 1929. Author: Irschick, Eugene F. Page 8
- 1 2 Sanjay Subrahmanyam. Improvising empire: Portuguese trade and settlement in the Bay of Bengal, 1500-1700, page 206
- ↑ Delhi School of Economics. The Indian economic and social history review, page 411
- ↑ Sanjay Subrahmanyam. The Political Economy of Commerce: Southern India 1500-1650, page 304
Further reading
- Questioning Ramayanas - by Paula Richman
- The Literary Cultures in History - by Sheldon I Pollock
- Penumbral Visions - by Sanjay Subrahmanyam
- "Rethinking India's Oral and Classical Epics: Draupadi among Rajputs, Muslims" By Alf Hiltebeitel.
- Caste & Class Articulation of Andhra Pradesh
- Caste politics in the North, West and South India before Mandal
- Social Changes among Balijas (by Vijaya Kumari and Sepuri Bhaskar)
- (15) Konduru: structure and integration in a South Indian village, Paul G. Hiebert, P.21-22.
- - The Warrior Merchants - by Mittison Mines
- India's Silent Revolution - By Christophe Jaffrelot
- Social Change in Modern India - by M N Srinivas
- The Trading world of the Tamil Merchant - by Kanakalatha Mukund
- Constructing the Colonial Encounter - by Niels Brimnes
- The Political Economy and Commerce - by Sanjay Subrahmanyam
- Religion and Public Culture - By John Jeya Paul
- The World of the Weaver in Northern Coromandel, C.1750- C.1850 by P. Swarnalatha
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