Balasore

Balasore Baleswar
City
Nickname(s): Sand City of India Granary of Odisha
Balasore Show map of Odisha Balasore Show map of India Location in Odisha, India
Coordinates: 21°29′N 86°56′E / 21.49°N 86.93°E / 21.49; 86.93Coordinates: 21°29′N 86°56′E / 21.49°N 86.93°E / 21.49; 86.93
Country	India
State	Odisha
District	Balasore
Area
• City	88 km2 (34 sq mi)
Elevation	16 m (52 ft)
Population (2011)
• City	144,373
• Density	1,600/km2 (4,200/sq mi)
• Metro	177,557
Languages
• Official	Odia
Time zone	IST (UTC+5:30)
PIN	756001-756xxx
Telephone code	06782
Vehicle registration	OD - 01(Previously OR - 01)
UN/LOCODE	IN BLS
Website	baleswar.nic.in

Balasore or Baleshwar is a city in the state of Odisha, about 194 kilometres (121 mi) north of the State capital Bhubaneswar, in eastern India. It is the administrative headquarters of Balasore district. It is best known for Chandipur beach. It is also the site of the Indian Ballistic Missile Defense Program's Integrated Test Range, located 18 km. south of Balasore. The Defence Research and Development Organisation developed many different missiles such as Nag, Brahmos, Agni Missile among others here.This is where famous freedom fighter Jatindranath Mukherjee also known as Bagha Jatin got injured and died fighting the British. The spoken language in Balasore is Odia.

History

Baleshwar district was part of the ancient Kalinga kingdom which later became a territory of Koshala or Utkal, till the death of Mukunda Dev. It was annexed by the Mughal Empire in 1568 and remained as a part of their suzerainty up until 1700s. The British East India Company (EIC) established a factory at Balasore in 1633. As Calcutta rose in importance, Balasore became the center for river pilot services for vessels seeking to ascend the Hooghli River.

The Marathas then occupied this part of Odisha and it became a part of the dominion of the Bhonsle Maratha Rajas of Nagpur. They ceded this part through a treaty called the Treaty of Deogaon in 1803 and it became a part of Bengal Presidency until 1912.

Balasore as a separate district was created in October 1828 while it was in the Bengal Presidency. On 7 November 1845, all of Danish India was sold to the British, who made it part of British India. With the creation of Bihar Province, Odisha was diverted along with Balasore district from Bengal to Bihar. But with the creation of Odisha as a separate State on 1 April 1936 Balasore became an integral part of Odisha State. The national movement of independence surged ahead with the visit of Mahatma Gandhi in 1921. Similarly Praja Andolan was initiated against the ruler of Nilagiri State. The state of Nilagiri merged with state of Odisha in January 1948 and became a part of Balasore district. On 3 April 1993 Bhadrak sub-division became a separate district and from this day Balasore remains a district of Odisha with two Sub-divisions namely Balasore and Nilagiri having eight Tahasils, namely Balasore, Soro, Simulia, Nilagiri, Jaleswar, Basta, Baliapal and Remuna and 12 blocks namely Bhograi, Jaleswar, Baliapal, Basta, Balasore, Remuna, Nilagiri, Oupada, KHAIRA, Soro and Bahanaga. The name of the district is being derived from the name of the town.

Geography

Balasore is a town in the North of Odisha, which is a state in South Eastern India. The city has West Bengal in the north, and the Bay of Bengal to the East. Balasore is located at 21°30`N, 86°56`E. Balasore has an area of 3076 km². Balasore, the coastal district of Odisha is crisscrossed with perennial and estuarine rivers because of its proximity to the sea. Two important rivers of Odisha, Budhabalanga and Subarnarekha, pass through this district from west to east before flowing into the Bay of Bengal. There is widespread irrigation in Balasore district.

Climate

Climate data for Balasore
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high °C (°F)	33.5 (92.3)	38.1 (100.6)	40.3 (104.5)	42.5 (108.5)	45.4 (113.7)	43.8 (110.8)	40.1 (104.2)	39.5 (103.1)	39.2 (102.6)	38.3 (100.9)	38.0 (100.4)	36.2 (97.2)	45.4 (113.7)
Average high °C (°F)	27.0 (80.6)	29.5 (85.1)	33.7 (92.7)	36.0 (96.8)	36.1 (97)	34.2 (93.6)	31.8 (89.2)	31.4 (88.5)	31.7 (89.1)	31.3 (88.3)	29.2 (84.6)	26.9 (80.4)	31.57 (88.83)
Average low °C (°F)	13.9 (57)	16.7 (62.1)	21.0 (69.8)	24.4 (75.9)	26.0 (78.8)	26.2 (79.2)	25.8 (78.4)	25.8 (78.4)	25.5 (77.9)	23.0 (73.4)	17.8 (64)	13.7 (56.7)	21.65 (70.97)
Record low °C (°F)	3.1 (37.6)	8.5 (47.3)	13.4 (56.1)	17.2 (63)	20.0 (68)	22.1 (71.8)	21.8 (71.2)	21.8 (71.2)	21.7 (71.1)	18.4 (65.1)	10.5 (50.9)	5.3 (41.5)	3.1 (37.6)
Average precipitation mm (inches)	17.0 (0.669)	36.3 (1.429)	39.4 (1.551)	54.8 (2.157)	108.6 (4.276)	233.4 (9.189)	297.9 (11.728)	318.3 (12.531)	275.8 (10.858)	184.0 (7.244)	41.6 (1.638)	6.5 (0.256)	1,613.6 (63.526)
Source: India Meteorological Department (1901-2000)[1]

Demographics

The population of Balasore in 2011 census is 144373^[2] and is the 7th most populous city of Odisha. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Balasore has an average literacy rate of 88%, higher than the national average of 59.5%. It is also the most literate town of Odisha. 11% of the population is under 6 years of age.

Overview

Balasore is a place of scenic beauty and a major tourist attraction, also because of its historical monuments, such as various temples in the area. There are a few hill ranges in the region too. It is 207 km north-east of Bhubaneswar by road.

Balasore has been in use from 1989, but unlike Sriharikota, it is not used for launching satellites. The rocket launching site at Balasore is situated in a place named Chandipur. Chandipur is located on the Bay of Bengal. The Integrated Test Range in Chandipur, Balasore is responsible for carrying out tests for various missiles such as Agni, Prithvi, Trishul, etc. It is a great place to visit.

Economy

Balasore is the main town in the District of Balasore. The district has four major revenue sources – industries, agriculture, fishing and tourism with its base in Chandipur.^[3] Many small and large scale industries are located both within the city limits as well as the outskirts. Balasore Alloys Limited,^[4] Emami Paper Mills,^[5] Oriplast, and Birla Tyres are some of the major industries based in Balasore. The main markets of Balasore are Nua Bazar, Motiganj, FM Square, Vivekanand Marg, Station Square, ITI Chakh, Kachehri Road, Town Hall and Nua Shahi.

Industry

In an effort to bring industry, trade and commerce to a common meaningful platform the North Orissa Chamber of Commerce and Industry^[6] serves an interface to fight for the rights and issues concerning the industrial scenario so as to contribute to the development of the state as a whole. Members from both public and private sectors work very closely with the government for the expansion of business opportunities, enhancing efficiency and competitiveness and to work on policy issues. Located in Januganj, Balasore, NOCCI is essentially a business park with a massive exhibition hall, a separate residential block with hotel and restaurant facilities and an extended building called the industry facilitation center^[7] specifically for industrial training. NOCCI comprises about 100 member units and six affliatied associations of the industrial units. NOCCI is instrumental in the promoting the initiative of the Department of Industrial Promotion and Policy (DIPP), Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Government of India (GoI)^[8] through a scheme of Industrial Infrastructure Upgradation.

Transport

Air

The nearest airport is Bhubaneshwar. Kolkata is approximately three and a half hours by train and approximately 4 to 5 hours by bus.

Rail

Balasore railway station is an important station on the Howrah-Chennai main line of the South Eastern Railway. The distance to Kolkata is approximately 232 km, while the distance to Bhubaneswar is about 206 km. A branch line to Baripada starts from Rupsa, near Balasore. Balasore is connected to all parts of India through trains. 58029/Balasore - Bhadrak Passenger (UnReserved) origine from here.

• 
  Balasore Railway Station

Road

National Highway 5 and National Highway 60 pass through the city. A part of the Golden Quadrilateral project, this highway runs from Chennai to Kolkata. Intra-city transport comprises cycle rickshaws and auto rickshaws. City buses ply in two routes in the city to join the different parts of the city. The bus terminus is at Sahadev Khunta and thousands of private buses ply to hundreds of destinations everyday.

Places of interest

Chandipur-on-sea is a seaside resort famous for its mile long beach. It is a unique beach – the tide comes to the shore only four times a day, at fixed intervals. At a distance of 30 km south-west is Panchalingeshwar, a temple and scenic spot high on a mountain. The presiding deity there, Shiva, cannot be seen. One has to touch and feel the statue as it is behind (submerged under) a waterfall. About 33 km south-west of Balasore, there is a town by name 'Santaragadia' that has a 'Biseswar temple' situated on a hill. The town is surrounded by hills on all sides. Nearby is 'Khulia' village, a settlement of aboriginals. Around 30 km south-east of Balasore is a port named 'Dhamra'.

Khirachora Gopinatha Temple, situated at Remuna, approximately 7 km from the main town of Balasore, was built by King Langula Narasimha Dev, who also built the famous temple at Konark. Khirochora Gopinath Temple is notable for its mythological story about how it was built there. The prashad of Krishna – the khira – is very famous. The Biranchinarayan Temple, Palia, "AstaDurga", "Bhudhar Chandi" are some other temples located in the region.

Jagannatha Temple, Remuna is a newly built temple in the area, the architecture of which is influenced by the famous Jagannatha Temple of Puri.It is the recent favourite tourist spot concerning the region.

There is a Jagannatha Temple in Nilagiri^[9] which is one of the prominent Jagannatha temples of Odisha. Lord Jagannath, Balabhadra and Subhadra are worshipped here. Every year, Ratha Yatra is performed with all the deities.

Panchalingeswara Temple, is a temple near a picnic spot in Baleswar which is located 30 km from Balasore.^[10] There is a state tourism Pantha Nivas in Panchalingeswara for tourists. Panchalingeswara is surrounded by hills and forests.

Bhujakhia Pir, situated at sunhat at the heart of the city is the tomb of Sufi saint Aasthana Sharif Hazrat Pir named as Bhujakhia Pir.The most interesting thing that both Muslim and Hindu jointly worship pir baba

Baba Bhusandeswar Temple, is one of the largest Shiva Lingams in the World is in Bhograi village of Balasore district, Odisha.which is located 100kms from Balasore. The 12 feet long and 14 feet width lingam is carved out on a black granite and only half of the lingam is visible. The other half has remained buried for years. The diameter of the lingam is 12 feet and has three parts. The middle portion of the lingam is octagonal in shape, about 12 feet in diameter and nearly four feet in height. The Lingam slightly leans towards the right side.

Panchalingeswara Temple

Culture and festivals

Balasore culture is a blend of traditional festivals, food, and music . The city offers a cosmopolitan and diverse lifestyle with a variety of food, entertainment, available in a form and abundance comparable to that in other cities. Balasore residents celebrate both Western and Indian festivals. Diwali, Holi, Eid, Christmas, Navratri, Good Friday, Dussera, Moharram, Ganesh Chaturthi, Durga Puja, Rajaa and Maha Shivratri are some of the popular festivals in the city. The akhada Arts Festival during durga puja is a unique culture of balasore.

Festivals

• Dusshera, the festival of goddess Durga, is very popular in Balasore. Idols are worshipped in many streets and localities. In this city, Dussehra is famous for its idols, with localities trying to outsmart each other by constructing more attractive idols. Indeed, the whole city comes to a standstill on Astami, Navami and in Dashami burning of effigy of the demon Ravana (the eighth, ninth and tenth days of Dussehra) as people travel all over the city appreciating all the idols put forth by the neighbourhoods.
• Kali puja, Just after Durga puja gets over, balasore gear up with all their vigour to celebrate Kali puja. On the auspicious day of Diwali amidst the bursting of firecrackers.
• Kartikeshwar puja: The organized puja committees in charge of carrying out the worship of the deity of Balasore get ready for Kartikeswar Puja. Kartikeshwar is the eldest son of Lord Shiva.
• Kite flying is also celebrated with much enthusiasm and energy in the city. Kite-flying culminates with the Makar Sankranti, with kite-flying competitions being held all over the city.
• All the other regular Indian festivals like Ganesh Chaturthi, Vasant Panchami, Holi, Id, Good Friday, Rath Yatra, Diwali, Christmas and the numerous Hindu festivals are also celebrated.

Education

Balasore is the education hub of Northern Odisha with many Engineering Schools and the famous Fakir Mohan University, named after the renowned novelist Fakir Mohan Senapati, who hails from this town of Odisha.

Universities/Colleges

Schools

Sports and Entertainment

Cricket is the most popular sport in the city. Due to a shortage of grounds, various modified versions are played everywhere. The city is also represented by the Balasore Baghas in the Odisha Premier League. Apart from cricket, people here love the game of football, volleyball & other sports.

• Theaters

Balasore has several cinemas playing films in Oriya, Hindi, and English languages. Some of the well-known Cinemas are Balasore Talkies, MoviEx, Oden, etc.

• Parks

Sand park at Gandhi smruti Bhawan and Baghajatin park at Phuladi is quite a large and nice park for spending your afternoons and evenings. It is also a popular destination for a mini-picnic.

Nursing homes and Hospitals in Balasore

Industrial and infrastructural development has boosted the healthcare market in Balasore and attracted healthcare corporate houses to set up base in the city. Balasore government hospital was the city's first hospital. The other healthcare facilities of repute are Jyoti Hospital, Kaushalaya Memorial Hospital, Durga Nursing Home, etc.

Politics

Current MLA from Balasore Assembly Constituency is Jeeban Pradeep Dash of BJD, who won the seat in State elections in 2009. He had won this seat earlier as a BJP candidate in 2000. Other previous MLAs from this seat were Arun Dey (NCP) who won this seat in 2004, Gopa Narayan Das of INC in 1985, and Kartik Chandra Rout of JNP in 1977.^[11] Balasore is part of Balasore (Lok Sabha constituency).^[12]

See also

• Rocket launch sites
• Indian Space Research Organisation
• Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station
• Chandipur
• Chandipur travel guide from Wikivoyage
• PanchaLingeswar travel guide from Wikivoyage

References

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Balasore.

Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article Balasore.

• Online Information Center of Balasore
• Baleswar District website