''Wer mich liebet, der wird mein Wort halten'', BWV 74

Wer mich liebet, der wird mein Wort halten ("If a man love me, he will keep my words", more literally: "He who loves me will obey my commands"), BWV 74,[lower-alpha 1] is a church cantata by Johann Sebastian Bach. He composed it in Leipzig for Pentecost and first performed it on 20 May 1725.

History and text

Bach composed this cantata in his second year in Leipzig for the first day of Pentecost (Whit Sunday).[1] The prescribed readings for the feast day were from the Acts of the Apostles (Acts 2:1–13) and the Gospel of John, part of the Farewell discourse (John 14:23–31).[2]

The librettist for this work was Christiana Mariana von Ziegler. She collaborated with Bach on nine cantatas after Easter 1724, beginning with Ihr werdet weinen und heulen, BWV 103. In several of these works, she began with a quotation of Jesus from the Gospel. For this cantata, she quoted the Bible three times, taking a quotation from the Gospel as a starting point in movement 1 (verse 23), another one in movement 4 (verse 28), and a quotation from an epistle by Paul in movement 6 (Romans 8:1). She concluded the text with the second stanza from Paul Gerhardt's hymn "Gott Vater, sende deinen Geist".[3] Much of her text was based on the "metaphysical" readings of the Gospel of John.[4]

Bach first performed the cantata on 20 May 1725.[1]

Scoring and structure

This piece is scored for four solo voices (soprano, alto, tenor, and bass), a four-part choir, three trumpets, timpani, two oboes, an oboe da caccia, two violins, viola, and basso continuo.[1]

The cantata has eight movements:[5]

  1. Chorus: Wer mich liebet, der wird mein Wort halten
  2. Aria (soprano): Komm, komm, mein Herze steht dir offen
  3. Recitative (alto): Die Wohnung ist bereit
  4. Aria (bass): Ich gehe hin und komme wieder zu euch
  5. Aria (tenor): Kommt, eilet, stimmet Sait und Lieder
  6. Recitative (bass): Es ist nichts Verdammliches an denen
  7. Aria (alto): Nichts kann mich erretten
  8. Chorale: Kein Menschenkind hier auf der Erd

Music

The opening chorus of this cantata is shorter than average and is a substantial reworking of the opening chorus from Wer mich liebet, der wird mein Wort halten, BWV 59, composed two years earlier and performed again the previous year. It employs a ritornello theme followed by a fanfare-like choral entry. The original movement was a two-part vocal entry; the expansion relies on imitative pairings, reflecting the earlier texture.[6] Craig Smith suggests that this is one of Bach's most successful arrangements of his own work because it remakes the "patchy" and "hollow" duet into "something richly varied and exquisitely delicate".[4] The movement is in C major and common time.[7]

The second movement is a soprano aria with oboe da caccia, a transposition of the bass and violin pairing of BWV 59.[6] The new arrangement lends a "childlike openness" to the movement.[4] It is in F major and common time.[7]

The third movement is a short alto recitative of only seven measures.[7] It is characterized by the diminished chord which concludes the vocal line before the final cadence.[6]

The bass aria uses "sequences of 'treading' quavers in the continuo line" to suggest a stepping motion. The movement concludes with a long vocal melisma.[6] The movement is in E minor.[7]

The piece then moves into a technically demanding tenor aria dominated by swirling string lines. The movement is in a combined ternary and ritornello form, adopting a heavy emphasis on the words komm and eilet ("come" and "hasten"), and concludes with a modulation to a minor key and darker harmonies.[6]

The bass recitative, like the earlier alto, is rather short and simple in comparison to the arias. It employs an unusual accompaniment of three oboes.[6] The recitative modulates from E minor to C major.[7]

The seventh movement, an alto aria, has unusually dense texture and rich scoring. It opens with a fanfare-like ritornello followed by long melismatic passages with repeated notes in the instrumental parts. The short middle section moves to a less dense accompaniment and a minor key, with a "manic chortling" of triplets on the word lache ("laugh").[6]

The closing chorale is a four-part setting of the melody of "Kommt her zu mir, spricht Gottes Sohn".[8] It is in a minor key, creating a sombre mood.[6]

Recordings

Notes

  1. ↑ "BWV" is Bach-Werke-Verzeichnis, a thematic catalogue of Bach's works.

References

  1. 1 2 3 "Cantata BWV 74". bach-cantatas. Retrieved 27 May 2013.
  2. ↑ Crouch, Simon. "Cantata 74". Classical Net. Retrieved 27 May 2013.
  3. ↑ "BWV 74" (in German). bach.de. Retrieved 31 May 2013.
  4. 1 2 3 Smith, Craig. "Bach Cantata Notes: BWV 74". Emmanuel Music. Retrieved 27 May 2013.
  5. ↑ "BWV 74". University of Alberta. Retrieved 27 May 2013.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Mincham, Julian. "Chapter 48 BWV 74". jsbachcantatas. Retrieved 31 May 2013.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 Traupman-Carr, Carol (2003). "Cantata BWV 74". Bach Choir of Bethlehem. Retrieved 27 May 2013.
  8. ↑ "Chorale Melodies used in Bach's Vocal Works / Kommt her zu mir, spricht Gottes Sohn". bach-cantatas. 2006. Retrieved 31 May 2013.
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