MBB/Kawasaki BK 117

BK 117
A BK 117 of the German police
Role Utility/transport
National origin Germany/Japan
Manufacturer Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm (MBB)/Kawasaki Heavy Industries
First flight 13 June 1979
Introduction 9 December 1982
Primary users DRF
ADAC
Produced 1979–2004
Number built 443
Developed from MBB Bo 105[1]
Developed into Eurocopter EC145

The MBB/Kawasaki BK 117 is a twin-engined medium utility–transport helicopter. It was a joint development between Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm (MBB) of Germany and Kawasaki of Japan. MBB was later purchased by Daimler-Benz and eventually became a part of Eurocopter. The BK 117 is popular for passenger and VIP-transport, seating from seven up to 10 people. It is also used for aerial crane and sling work, law enforcement, and military transport, and is exceptional as an air ambulance and search and rescue platform. Its successor, the EC 145, was developed from the BK 117 C-1 version.

Development

The BK 117 was a joint development between MBB and Kawasaki based on an agreement made on 25 February 1977. The agreement would replace two separate projects for twin-engined general purpose helicopters; the Bo 107 by MBB and the KH-7 from Kawasaki.[2] Costs were shared equally, with MBB developing the rotors (based on the rigid rotor system used on MBB's Bo 105), tailboom, flight controls and hydraulic system and Kawasaki developing the landing gear, airframe, main transmission and other minor components. Each company would have its own assembly line producing aircraft for local markets.[3]

Each company was to build two prototypes (although Kawasaki only built one) to be completed by 1979; one for flight testing and the others for tie down testing and static testing. MBB's flying prototype made its first flight at Ottobrunn on 13 June 1979, followed by the Kawasaki prototype at Gifu on 10 August 1979.[3] Development was slower than expected, a problem made worse by shortages of skilled manpower available at MBB. Although it was originally planned for airworthiness certification to be achieved before the end of 1980, German certification was not achieved until 9 December 1982, with Japanese certification following on 17 December, and the all-important United States FAA certification being obtained on 29 March 1983.[4]

A single BK 117 A-3 (c/n 7106) was leased by the Canadian Forces Air Command for a test program and designated as the CH-143. When the program was over, the aircraft was returned to MBB Canada.[5]

In total, 443 BK 117s were made; 329 (and two prototypes) by MBB at Donauworth, 111 (and one prototype) by Kawasaki in Japan.

Japanese Production:

BK 117 A-1 to C-1: c/n 1001-1112 = 111 + P-3/P-5 prototype

German Production:

BK 117 A-1 to B-2: c/n 7001-7275 = 274

BK 117 C-1: c/n 7500-7555 = 56

+ P-2 prototype + S-01 Pre-production prototype

NOTE: The last variant of the BK 117 was the C-1. The BK 117 C-2 is actually the brand name for the EC 145 for the Australasian market, and as such is an EC 145, not a BK 117.

Variants

STARS Air Ambulance at Foothills Medical Centre.
BK 117 P-2 (D-HBKA)
German prototype, first flown 13 June 1979. Now exhibited at the Bückeburg helicopter museum, Bückeburg, Germany.
BK 117 S-01 (D-HDRF)
Initial pre-production prototype. Now preserved on top of the DRF-Headquarters at Stuttgart Airport.
BK 117 P-3/P-5 (JQ0003)
Japanese prototype, first flown 10 August 1979. Now exhibited at Kakamigahara Aerospace Museum, Kakamigahara/Gifu, Japan
BK 117 A-1 
Powered by two Lycoming LTS 101-650B-1 engines. First flown 23 April 1982.
BK 117 A-3 
Introduced in March 1985, the A-3 has a larger tail rotor with improved blades, Yaw CSAS, improved stability (SPAS) and the take-off weight increased to 3,200 kg (7,055 lb).- The Canadian Armed forces leased a single BK 117-A3 for a test program and designated the CH-143. When the program was over, the aircraft was returned to MBB Canada[6]
BK 117 A-4 
Introduced in July 1986, the A-4 has increased transmission limits at take-off power, improved tail rotor head. German aircraft have provision for extra internal fuel, giving enhanced performance.
BK 117 A-3M 
Military version introduced in 1986. The A-3M is fitted with taller skids and can carry 11 troops. A Browning 12.7 mm (0.5 in) machine gun can be mounted under the fuselage in a Lucas turret with 450 rounds and controlled by a helmet-mounted sight. The A-3M also has outrigger pylons which can hold up to eight HOT II or TOW antitank missiles or a variety of air-to-air missiles, rocket-pods, or forward-firing cannons. Provisions for a doorway gunner's position with a 12.7 mm (0.5 in) gun can also be installed.
BK 117 B-1 
Introduced in December 1987, the B-1 is fitted with LTS 101-750B-1 engines to provide increased performance, and a 140 kg (309 lb) increase in payload.
BK 117 B-1C 
UK-certified version with reduced range and endurance.
BK 117 B-2 
Maximum Gross Weight increased to 3,350 kg, 2 x Allied Signal Lycoming LTS101-750B-1 engines fitted as standard, new tail rotor blades, improved "hot and high" performance, take-off/landing limitation increased to 15,000 ft, improved flight performance for: HIGE/HOGE, single engine service ceiling.
BK 117 C-1 
Powered by two Turbomeca Arriel 1E engines. Later models may be upgraded to Arriel 1E2 engines.
NBK 117 
License-built model produced in Indonesia.
BK 117-850D2 
Introduced in 2010, the 850D2 variant is an STC (Supplementary Type Certificate) development (i.e., re-engined) of BK 117 B-2 incorporating Honeywell LTS 101-850B-2 engines aimed at improving OEI and Category A performance.[7] Development and certification was conducted in New Zealand by Airwork of Ardmore, NZ, in conjunction with Flight Structures Ltd.[8]

Operators

Russian BK 117
An Italian BK 117 air ambulance
An Australian BK 117 search and rescue
Western Australia Police BK 117
BK 117 operated by St. Louis Children's Hospital

Civil operators

The majority of the helicopters are operated by various emergency services although it is also operated by private individuals, companies and executive charter operators.

 Australia
 Canada
 Germany
 Kenya
 New Zealand
BK 117 in service with Auckland Rescue Helicopter Trust
 Taiwan

 United States

Military and government operators

 Australia
 Chile
 Colombia
 Germany
 Japan
 Peru
 Republic of China
 Russia
 Spain
 South Africa
BK 117 in service with 15 Squadron South African Air Force

Former operators

 Bophuthatswana
 Canada
 Ciskei
 Transkei
 Venda

Specifications (BK 117 B-2)

Data from Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1993-94[36]

General characteristics

Performance

See also

Related development

References

Citations

  1. ↑ "1979: BK 117." Archived 21 September 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Eurocopter, Retrieved: 31 March 2013.
  2. ↑ Air International April 1989, p. 163.
  3. 1 2 Air International April 1989, p. 164.
  4. ↑ Air International April 1989, pp. 164–165.
  5. ↑ "MBB CH-143 BK 117". Archived from the original on 10 September 2005. Retrieved 25 March 2007.
  6. 1 2 "BK 117 CH-143". canadianwings.com. Archived from the original on 22 September 2013. Retrieved 2 February 2013.
  7. ↑ "Honeywell Announces LTS101-850B-2 Engine Upgrade for Eurocopter BK117." Archived 12 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Honeywell, 22 February 2009.
  8. ↑ "Airwork (NZ)’s BK117-850D2 takes to the skies over Australia and New Zealand." Flight Structures Ltd, 1 May 2010.
  9. ↑ "Careflight: Our Helicopters". careflight.org. Retrieved 2015-06-29.
  10. ↑ "lifesaver Fleet". lifesaver.org.au. Archived from the original on 14 January 2013. Retrieved 2 February 2013.
  11. ↑ "STARS fleet". stars.ca. Retrieved 2 February 2013.
  12. ↑ "ADAC Air Rescue confirms the choice of Eurocopter to renew its helicopter fleet with the EC145 T2 and EC135". eurocopter.com. Archived from the original on 16 November 2012. Retrieved 2 February 2013.
  13. ↑ "BK-117C". Demand media. Retrieved 2 February 2013.
  14. ↑ "DRF Luftrettung BK 117". Retrieved 2 February 2013.
  15. ↑ "Everatt's BK 117 C1". everettaviation.com. Retrieved 2 February 2013.
  16. ↑ "Auckland Rescue Helicopter Trust (fleet)". rescuehelicopter.org.nz. Retrieved 7 March 2015.
  17. ↑ "Otago Rescue Helicopter Trust (fleet)". otagorescue.co.nz. Archived from the original on 30 June 2013. Retrieved 2 July 2013.
  18. ↑ "Daily Air Operations" (PDF). dailyair.com.tw. Retrieved 2 February 2013.
  19. ↑ "airmethods fleet". airmethods.com. Retrieved 2 February 2013.
  20. ↑ "KidsFlight 1". stlouischildrens.org. Retrieved 2 February 2013.
  21. ↑ "ORMC Aircare 1". Orlando Health. Retrieved 12 June 2015.
  22. 1 2 "FireAir 1". fire.nsw.gov.au. Archived from the original on 25 April 2013. Retrieved 5 February 2013.
  23. ↑ "WA Police Air Wing". stepforward.wa.gov.au. Archived from the original on 9 February 2013. Retrieved 2 February 2013.
  24. 1 2 3 4 "World Air Forces 2013" (PDF). Flightglobal Insight. 2013. Retrieved 2 February 2013.
  25. ↑ "(MBB BK 117) Carabineros de Chile". Retrieved 2 February 2013.
  26. ↑ "Kawasaki BK-117B-1". Demand media. Retrieved 2 February 2013.
  27. ↑ "Einsatzfahrzeug: D-HNWQ (c/n: 7554)". © Ebner Verlag GmbH & Co. KG. Retrieved 2 February 2013.
  28. ↑ "Base Aérea Lima-Callao Policia Nacional del Peru". cavok-aviation. Archived from the original on 21 September 2013. Retrieved 2 February 2013.
  29. ↑ Mlandenov Air International December 2016, pp. 85–86.
  30. ↑ "Spanish Guardia Civil". aeroflight.co.uk. Retrieved 2 February 2013.
  31. ↑ "South African Police Service signs for its 7th Eurocopter AS 350 B3 at AAD 2004". Eurocopter. Archived from the original on 22 September 2013. Retrieved 2 February 2013.
  32. ↑ "World Air Forces 1991 pg. 37". flightglobal.com. Retrieved 6 March 2015.
  33. ↑ "World Air Forces 1991 pg. 41". flightglobal.com. Retrieved 6 March 2015.
  34. ↑ "World Air Forces 1991 pg. 65". flightglobal.com. Retrieved 6 March 2015.
  35. ↑ "World Air Forces 1991 pg. 71". flightglobal.com. Retrieved 6 March 2015.
  36. ↑ Lambert 1993, pp. 159–160.

Bibliography

  • "BK 117...a Terrestrial Space Ship". Air International, Vol 36 No 4, April 1989. Bromley, UK:Fine Scroll. ISSN 0306-5634. pp. 163–170.
  • Hatch, Paul. "World's Air Forces". Flight International, 5–11 December 1990, pp. 35–81.
  • Hoyle, Craig. "World Air Forces Directory". Flight International, Vol. 182, No. 5370, 11–17 December 2012. pp. 40–64. ISSN 0015-3710.
  • Lambert, Mark. Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1993-94. Coulsdon, UK:Jane's Data Division, 1993. ISBN 0-7106-1066-1.
  • Mlandenov, Alexander. "Russia's Responders". Air International, Vol. 91, No. 6, December 2016. pp. 78–87. ISSN 0306-5634.
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