Type 81 assault rifle
| Type 81 | |
|---|---|
|
Type 81-1 (top) and Type 81 (bottom). | |
| Type |
Assault rifle Battle rifle (CS/LR14) |
| Place of origin | China |
| Service history | |
| In service | 1983–present |
| Used by | See Users |
| Wars |
Sino-Vietnamese conflicts Sri Lankan Civil War Internal conflict in Burma |
| Production history | |
| Designed | 1971-1981 |
| Manufacturer | Norinco |
| Produced | 1985 |
| No. built | 50000+ |
| Variants |
Type 81-1 Type 81 light machine gun Type-81S Type 87 Type 87-1 BD-08 BD-08mk2 BD-08LMG |
| Specifications | |
| Weight |
3.4 kg (7.50 lb) (loaded) 4.5 kg (9.92 lb) (empty) (CS/LR14)[1] |
| Length |
955 mm (37.6 in) 785 mm (30.9 in) (butt folded) (CS/LR14)[1] 1,010 mm (40 in) (butt extended) (CS/LR14)[1] |
| Barrel length | 445 mm (17.5 in) |
|
| |
| Cartridge |
7.62×39mm (Type 81) 5.8×42mm DBP87 (Type 87) 7.62x51mm (CS/LR14) |
| Action | Short stroke gas piston, rotating bolt |
| Rate of fire | Approx. 700–720 rounds/min |
| Muzzle velocity |
750 m/s (2,461 ft/s) 760 metres per second (2,493 feet per second) (CS/LR14)[1] |
| Effective firing range |
300+ meter 400-500 meter (CS/LR14) |
| Maximum firing range | 550 meter |
| Feed system | 30-round detachable box magazine (20 rounds for CS/LR14), 75-round detachable drum magazine |
| Sights | Adjustable iron sights |
The Type 81 Assault Rifle (Chinese: 81式自动步枪) is a Chinese-designed Kalashnikov and SKS based, second-generation, selective-fire, gas-operated 7.62×39mm automatic assault/battle rifle which has been used by the Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) since the mid-1980s.
History
The weapon was introduced into PLA service in 1981 but did not become widely distributed until the late 1980s. It replaced the SKS[2] and the Type 56 rifle (a Chinese license produced AK-47). Its first combat use came during the Sino-Vietnamese border conflicts of the mid-1980s. The PLA has replaced most of its Type-81s with the Type 95 or Type 03 series of weapons, though it is still in service in the reserves and armed police. It is also used by Bangladesh Army. An improved version has been showed referred as BD-08mk2.
Design
Type 81 light machine gun
The Type 81 incorporates elements of the Dragunov, SKS, and AK-47 series rifles.
The rifle retains the general layout of the Chinese Type 56 assault rifle (a license produced AK-47), but it has a SKS-like short-stroke gas-piston design and other improvements to reduce recoil and muzzle jump, giving better firing accuracy. Notable physical differences from the Type 56 assault rifle include the stock of the rifle, the length of the action, bayonet, and the positioning of the front sight.[3]
The most easily distinguishable feature of the Type 81 is the more exposed muzzle part of the barrel. The front sight has been moved back as a modification to be able to fire rifle grenades, which are slid over the unobstructed barrel muzzle now formed into a spigot-type rifle grenade launcher.[3]
There is a significant gap between the trigger guard and the magazine on Type 81 rifles, while on the Type 56 rifle series the magazine is adjacent to the front of the trigger guard.
The non-detachable swing-out spike-shaped bayonet of the Type 56 rifle was also replaced on Type 81 rifles with a detachable knife-bayonet.
Like its predecessors, the Type 81 is a series of weapons. The Type 81 (fixed stock) and Type 81-1 (folding stock) are 7.62×39mm caliber assault rifles with 30-round magazines, and the heavier Type 81 light machine gun (LMG) fitted with a 75-round drum magazine is used in the squad automatic weapon (SAW) role.[3] Its sight remains at the front of the LMG barrel.
The Type 81 can be fitted with a Picatinny rail, bipod, foregrip and flashlight.[4]
Variants
- Type 81 7.62×39mm assault rifle with a fixed wooden buttstock. 400,000 were produced before it was replaced by the Type 81-1.[5]
- Type 81-1 7.62×39mm assault rifle with a foldable buttstock. Originally intended for paratrooper use, the Type 81-1 replaced the Type 81 with its fixed wooden buttstock as the standard issue rifle for the PLA.[5]
- Type 81 LMG 7.62×39mm squad machine gun[5]
- Type 81 MGS Semi-automatic only version of the Type 81 LMG.
- Type 81S Early semi-automatic only model intended for the U.S. market. Only 20 were imported in January 1989 before further importation was blocked by executive order.
- EM356 5.56×45mm variant of the Type 81S, intended for the U.S. market. Only 3 Tool room prototypes were completed and imported for the 1989 SHOT show before importation was banned along with the Type 81S by executive order. No magazines were ever made for them so modified 5.56×45mm AK magazines must be used instead.
- T81SA Semi-automatic variant in 7.62×39mm.[6]
- T81-1SA Same as above, but with folding buttstock.
- Type 87-1 5.8×42mm experimental assault rifle, used to develop and test 5.8×42mm DBP87 cartridge for the QBZ-95 rifle
- Type 87 Served as a development platform for the next generation of PLA small arms, being used as a test-bed for the then new 5.8×42mm DBP87 ammunition. It never went into full-scale production but has been in service with PLA special forces.[5]
- Type 81 Tactical Tactical variant used by the PAP
- CS/LR14 7.62×51mm battle rifle. Newest tactical upgrade with modifications, such as tactical rails, foregrip, additional mountings, etc.
- NAR-10 Tactical variant made for export.
- NR-81S semi-automatic made primarily for the European and Canadian markets.
Foreign variants
- BD-08: Made under license by the Bangladesh Ordnance Factories in 2008.[7] The BD08MK2 is an improved of the original BD-08.
-
Kachin Independence Army produced Type 81 variants dubbed the M23, comes with updated polymer furniture with a Sun Motif. Not much is known about their manufacturing details due to their clandestine origins, possibly unofficially licensed built with PRC tooling as proxy military aid delivered through Bangladesh.[8] - Kachin K09: Comes with black/plum polymer furniture.
- Kachin K010: Comes with green polymer furniture.
- Kachin K011: Dedicated indigenous 45mm rifle grenade launcher variant.
Users
Algeria[9][10]
Bangladesh: Made under license by the Bangladesh Ordnance Factories as BD-08 Assault Rifle[11]
Benin: Used by Beninese peacekeepers in northern Mali.[12]
China: The Type 56 replaced by Type 81 and 95 in PLA front line service, but the Type 56 remains in use with reserve and militia service.[5]
Comoros: Used by the Military of the Comoros.[13]
Djibouti[9][14]
Gabon[15]
Ghana[16]
Guinea: Used by the Guinean Army and Navy[17][18]
Iraq: Used by Iraqi Police.[19]
Ivory Coast[9][20]
Kyrgyzstan[21]
Laos[22]
Myanmar[23]
Niger[24]
Nigeria: Produced under license by the Defence Industries Corporation of Nigeria[9][25]
Pakistan: Used by the Pakistan Army[26]
Rwanda: Used by Rwandan United Nations Police in the Central African Republic.[27][28][29]
Senegal[30]
South Sudan[31]
Sri Lanka[32]
Sudan[33]
Syria: seen in used by Syrian army during Syrian civil war
Tajikistan: Equipped with Type 81s since 2014.[34]
Tanzania[9][35]
Uganda: Ugandan soldiers seen carrying Type 81s during military exercise in Lohatla, South Africa 2015.[36]
Zimbabwe: Type 81s used by Zimbabwean military police officers.[37]
Non-State Actors
-
All Burma Students' Democratic Front[38] -
Arakan Army[39] - Kachin Independence Army[40]
-
Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army[41] -
Revolutionary United Front[42][43] -
Ta'ang National Liberation Army[44] -
Tamil Tigers[17] -
United Wa State Army[45]
References
- 1 2 3 4 Modern Firearms - NORINCO NAR-10 / CS/LR-14 automatic rifle (China)
- ↑ The SKS Is the Cockroach of Weapons-You just can’t kill Sergei Simonov’s old, reliable, semi-automatic carbine
- 1 2 3 Cutshaw, Charles Q. (28 February 2011). Tactical Small Arms of the 21st Century: A Complete Guide to Small Arms From Around the World. Iola, Wisconsin: Gun Digest Books. pp. 192–193. ISBN 978-1-4402-2709-7. Retrieved 27 July 2013.
- ↑ Johnson, Steve (2012-07-25). "Chinese People's Armed Police Tacti-cool Type 81 Upgrade". The Firearm Blog. Retrieved 2016-04-11.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Miller, David (2003). The illustrated directory of twentieth century guns. Zenith Imprint. pp. 278–279. ISBN 978-0-7603-1560-6.
- ↑ EMEI/7.62mm Semi-Automatic Rifle Model T81SA
- ↑ http://www.bof.gov.bd/history/
- ↑ http://www.wanhuajing.com/d310053
- 1 2 3 4 5 "Weapon". Weaponsystems.net. Retrieved 2016-04-11.
- ↑ 360doc (2015-09-29). "撒哈拉那畔的兄弟：中阿军事合作的今与昔". 360doc.com. Retrieved 2017-01-24.
- ↑ "China and Russia dominate Bangladesh arms imports in 2015/16 - Bangladesh Military Forces". BDMilitary.com. Retrieved 2016-04-11.
- ↑ Grujic, Blagoje (2013-07-17). "Casques bleus béninois à Kidal - Blue Helmets from Benin in Kidal". Mission de l'ONU au Mali - UN Mission in Mali. Retrieved 2017-01-28.
- ↑ tiexue.net. "原创]久经考验的好枪！81式枪族在海外[已拜读 ]". tiexue.net. Retrieved 2016-10-19.
- ↑ Maj. Khalid Cannon (2011-03-08). "U.S. Soldiers mentor Djiboutian Army rapid reaction forces at Ali Oune, Djibouti". US Army Africa. Retrieved 2017-01-24.
- ↑ Cpl. Alexander Mitchell (2016-11-24). "Gabon, U.S. train to fight illicit activity". Defande Video Imagery Distribution System. Retrieved 2017-01-27.
- ↑ News Ghana (2016-05-08). "Ghana Armed Forces Hold Annual Open Day". newsghana.com.gh. Retrieved 2017-06-14.
- 1 2 "81式枪族". firearmsworld.net. 2005-11-04. Retrieved 2016-10-19.
- ↑ US Army Africa (2014-02-20). "USARAF conducts training in Guinea". US Army Africa. Retrieved 2017-06-21.
- ↑ eastday.com (2016-04-26). "81式自动步枪的同门兄弟——1981年式7.62毫米班用机枪". eastday.com. Retrieved 2016-10-19.
- ↑ 360doc (2014-05-19). "Ivory Coast army retakes border town after attack kills 13". defenceweb.co.za. Retrieved 2017-01-24.
- ↑ "永远的81杠！ 这是中国口碑最好的步枪美军抢着用黑叔叔都说好". eastday.com. Retrieved 2016-10-19.
- ↑ "Laos Self Guided Tour". laosgpsmap.com. Retrieved 2016-10-22.
- ↑ Jones, Richard D. Jane's Infantry Weapons 2009/2010. Jane's Information Group; 35th edition (27 January 2009). ISBN 978-0-7106-2869-5.
- ↑ "Got AK porn if'n ya want it! - Page 5". Militaryfirearm.com. Retrieved 2016-04-11.
- ↑ Okoroafor, Cynthia (2015-08-27). "You probably didn’t know that Nigeria already manufactures these weapons". Ventures. Retrieved 2017-01-24.
- ↑ "Nazarian". Nazarian.no. Archived from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2016-04-11.
- ↑ Markogiannis, Nektarios (2015-02-26). "UNPOL Operation in Boyrab". UN Mission in the Central African Republic MINUSCA. Retrieved 2017-02-01.
- ↑ Markogiannis, Nektarios (2015-02-26). "UNPOL Operation in Boyrab". UN Mission in the Central African Republic MINUSCA. Retrieved 2017-02-01.
- ↑ Markogiannis, Nektarios (2015-02-26). "UNPOL Operation in Boyrab". UN Mission in the Central African Republic MINUSCA. Retrieved 2017-02-01.
- ↑ Dormino, Marco (2013-07-27). "Visite d'une délégation militaire dans le Nord du Mali - Generals to the North". Mission de l'ONU au Mali - UN Mission in Mali. Retrieved 2017-01-29.
- ↑ "South Sudan to try rebel leaders, risking fragile cease-fire". japantimes.co.jp. Retrieved 2016-10-19.
- ↑ "Type 81 Assault Rifle". Military-Today.com. Retrieved 2016-04-11.
- ↑ Yan, Timothy G. (2014-03-24). "Sudanese Future Soldier System". The Firearm Blog. Retrieved 2016-04-11.
- ↑ Why Is The Tajikistan Army Using Chinese-made Weapons? | 21st Century Asian Arms Race
- ↑ Nichols, Michelle (2013-10-29). "UN gives mandate for protection force for Central African Republic". Reuters. Retrieved 2017-01-24.
- ↑ "African intervention force finally nears reality". japantimes.co.jp. Retrieved 2016-10-18.
- ↑ "Zimbabwe: Harare Gripped With Fear As Soldiers Embark On Revenge Attacks". allafrica.com. 2012-09-11. Retrieved 2016-10-24.
- ↑ "Kachin State". Retrieved 2016-10-23.
- ↑ "Rakhine: hundreds of civilians flee fighting between Burmese and Arakan forces". 2015-04-29. Retrieved 2016-10-23.
- ↑ "China denies providing arms to Myanmar militants - China News". SINA English. 2013-01-29. Retrieved 2016-04-11.
- ↑ "Myanmar military relaxes stance on rebels barred from peace talks". 2016-08-04. Retrieved 2016-10-23.
- ↑ Daimler Art Collection (2004). "Guy Tillim Kamajoor-Milizen, 2001/2004". daimler.com. Retrieved 2016-10-20.
- ↑ Daimler Art Collection (2004). "Guy Tillim Kamajoor-Milizen, 2001/2004". daimler.com. Retrieved 2016-10-20.
- ↑ "Myanmar army releases 46 child soldiers under UN deal". PressTV. 2016-03-13. Retrieved 2016-10-23.
- ↑ "Ethnic armed groups to meet in remote Wa region". 2015-04-15. Retrieved 2016-10-23.
External links
- Type 81 assault rifle (People Republic of China)
- Chinese Type 81 Rifle, Guns&Ammo magazine
- News report on BD-08 Assault Rifle
This article is issued from
Wikipedia.
The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike.
Additional terms may apply for the media files.