B3GAT2
Galactosylgalactosylxylosylprotein 3-beta-glucuronosyltransferase 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the B3GAT2 gene.[3][4]
The product of this gene is a transmembrane protein belonging to the glucuronyltransferase family, and catalyzes the transfer of a beta-1,3 linked glucuronic acid to a terminal galactose in different glycoproteins or glycolipids containing a Gal-beta-1-4GlcNAc or Gal-beta-1-3GlcNAc residue. The encoded protein is involved in the synthesis of the human natural killer-1 (HNK-1) carbohydrate epitope, a sulfated trisaccharide implicated in cellular migration and adhesion in the nervous system.[4]
Use of HNK-1 Antibody for Neural Crest Research
Antibodies raised against the HNK-1 epitope have played a large role in studies of the neural crest, especially in the avian embryo.[5] The first antibody raised against this epitope was NC-1,[6] which permitted much easier analyses of neural crest migration pathways. In avians, and especially in other vertebrates, the results of HNK-1 staining should be interpreted with caution as the epitope is not unique to the neural crest.
References
External links
Further reading
- Nagase T, Kikuno R, Ohara O (2002). "Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. XXII. The complete sequences of 50 new cDNA clones which code for large proteins.". DNA Res. 8 (6): 319–27. PMID 11853319. doi:10.1093/dnares/8.6.319.
- Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. PMC 139241
. PMID 12477932. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899.
- Marcos I, Galán JJ, Borrego S, Antiñolo G (2003). "Cloning, characterization, and chromosome mapping of the human GlcAT-S gene.". J. Hum. Genet. 47 (12): 677–80. PMID 12522689. doi:10.1007/s100380200103.
- Mungall AJ, Palmer SA, Sims SK, et al. (2003). "The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 6.". Nature. 425 (6960): 805–11. PMID 14574404. doi:10.1038/nature02055.
- Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, et al. (2004). "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.". Nat. Genet. 36 (1): 40–5. PMID 14702039. doi:10.1038/ng1285.
- Kakuda S, Oka S, Kawasaki T (2004). "Purification and characterization of two recombinant human glucuronyltransferases involved in the biosynthesis of HNK-1 carbohydrate in Escherichia coli.". Protein Expr. Purif. 35 (1): 111–9. PMID 15039073. doi:10.1016/j.pep.2003.12.021.
- Kakuda S, Sato Y, Tonoyama Y, et al. (2005). "Different acceptor specificities of two glucuronyltransferases involved in the biosynthesis of HNK-1 carbohydrate.". Glycobiology. 15 (2): 203–10. PMID 15470230. doi:10.1093/glycob/cwi001.
- Kimura K, Wakamatsu A, Suzuki Y, et al. (2006). "Diversification of transcriptional modulation: large-scale identification and characterization of putative alternative promoters of human genes.". Genome Res. 16 (1): 55–65. PMC 1356129 . PMID 16344560. doi:10.1101/gr.4039406.
- Shiba T, Kakuda S, Ishiguro M, et al. (2006). "Crystal structure of GlcAT-S, a human glucuronyltransferase, involved in the biosynthesis of the HNK-1 carbohydrate epitope.". Proteins. 65 (2): 499–508. PMID 16897771. doi:10.1002/prot.21118.
PDB gallery |
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| 2d0j: Crystal Structure of Human GlcAT-S Apo Form |
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