B330

B330

Rendering of the B330
Station statistics
Crew 6[1]
Launch 2020[2]
Carrier rocket Atlas V[2]
Mission status Developmental
Mass 20,000 kg (43,000 lb)[3]
Length 13.7 m (44.9 ft)[1][4]
Diameter 6.7 m (22.0 ft)[1][4][note 1]
Pressurised volume 330 m3 (11,654 cu ft)[1][4]

The B330 (previously known as the Nautilus space complex module and BA 330) is an inflatable space habitat being privately developed by Bigelow Aerospace. The design was evolved from NASA's TransHab habitat concept. B330 will have 330 cubic meters (12,000 cu ft) of internal space, hence its numeric designation.

The craft will support zero-gravity research including scientific missions and manufacturing processes. Beyond its industrial and scientific purposes, however, it has potential as a destination for space tourism and a craft for missions destined for the Moon and Mars.

Features

Compared to their volume-mass ratio, expandable modules offer more living space than traditional rigid modules. For example, the pressurised volume of a 20-ton B330 module is 330 m3, compared to 106 m3 of the 15 ton ISS Destiny module. Thus B330 offers 210% more habitable space, with an increase in mass of only 33%.

Bigelow also claims that the module provides radiation protection equivalent to, and ballistic protection superior to, the International Space Station.[5]

The exterior of the craft is intended to be 13.7 metres (45 ft) long by 6.7 metres (22 ft) in diameter[6] and the module will weigh between 20,000 kilograms (45,000 lb) and 23,000 kilograms (50,000 lb).[7]

The habitat is designed to have two solar arrays and two thermal radiator arrays for heat dissipation, as well as life support systems to sustain a crew of up to six astronauts. It will also have "a zero-g toilet with solid and liquid waste collection, semi-private berths for each crew member, exercise equipment, a food storage and preparation station, lighting, and a personal hygiene station."[8]

The wall thickness will be approximately 0.46 metres (18 in) when the module is fully expanded. The walls are made up of 24 to 36 layers for ballistic protection, thermal protection, radiation protection[9] and will be as hard as concrete once the craft is fully expanded.[10] The exterior will also feature four large windows coated with a UV protection film.

Dual-redundant control thruster systems are to be used, one using mono-propellant hydrazine and the other using gaseous hydrogen and gaseous oxygen. The latter system is refillable from the on-board environmental control system.[8] Module-specific avionics will be provided for navigation, re-boost, docking and other on-orbit maneuvering.

Bigelow Aerospace is developing the B330 module to be compatible to mate with other spacecraft such as Russian Soyuz spacecraft, SpaceX's Dragon V2, Boeing's CST-100 Starliner, and NASA's Orion spacecraft. The module's large size is particularly beneficial for lunar astronauts or the crews of other long-duration space missions,[11] which until now have been restricted to fairly cramped quarters for the several-day flight.

Technology

Mock-up of the B330

While details on the purchased TransHab technology have not been published, NASA states the following about the structure of the module that Bigelow adopted as a starting point:

With almost two dozen layers, TransHab's foot-thick inflatable shell is a marvel of innovative design. The layers are fashioned to break up particles of space debris and tiny meteorites that may hit the shell with a speed seven times as fast as a bullet. The outer layers protect multiple inner bladders, made of a material that holds in the module's air. The shell also provides insulation from temperatures in space that can range from +121°C (+250°F) in sunlight to -128°C (-200°F) in the shade.

The key to the debris protection is successive layers of Nextel, a material commonly used as insulation under the hoods of many cars, spaced between several-inches-thick layers of open cell foam, similar to foam used for chair cushions on Earth. The Nextel and foam layers cause a particle to shatter as it hits, losing more and more of its energy as it penetrates deeper.

Many layers into the shell is a layer of super-strong woven Kevlar that holds the module's shape. The air is held inside by three bladders of Combitherm,[12] material commonly used in the food-packing industry. The innermost layer, forming the inside wall of the module, is Nomex cloth, a fireproof material that also protects the bladder from scuffs and scratches.

— NASA TransHab Concept, [13]

Bigelow has described their technology to news media[14] and have indicated that their proprietary technology inflatable shell, now in validation test in low-Earth orbit in two subscale spacecraft, incorporates a layer of Vectran, along with the Kevlar, etc. of the NASA technology.[15]

History

Its design is based on the cancelled NASA TransHab program. Bigelow gained access to Transhab engineers and workers, some of whom later went on to advise Bigelow's project.[16][17]

The module follows the launch of two demonstration modules successfully tested in Earth orbit, Genesis I in 2006[18] and Genesis II in 2007.

As of 2005, Bigelow Aerospace had plans to develop the CSS Skywalker, a space station based upon using B330 modules to act as an orbital hotel.[19] Plans in 2010 continued to call for construction of a space station, but without the CSS Skywalker moniker, with "more usable volume than the existing International Space Station".[20] Those plans included a complex of two smaller Sundancer modules, a combined node and propulsion module and one full-size B330 in order to provide a total volume that was only somewhat less than that of the International Space Station, though built from fewer and larger individual modules.[21]

In early 2010, Bigelow selected[22] Orbitec as the supplier for environmental control and life support systems (ECLSS).[23]

As of February 2010, an initial launch of the B330 was slated to be no earlier than 2015, following a notional launch of the smaller Sundancer habitat in 2014.[20] In July 2010, Bigelow announced that a B330 would be the sixth spacecraft component making up the notional Bigelow Commercial Space Station.[21] The Sundancer development was later halted, with a decision to move directly from the Gen esis-series prototype expandable habitats to the B330.

As of November 2013, Bigelow Aerospace indicated that the company has the financial capacity to produce at least two B330 habitats, along with a couple of transit tugs and a docking node if Bigelow is able to secure commercial customers to pay for approximately half of the launch costs for these systems.[24]

In February 2014, some pricing and other lease details were made public. The B330 lease rate will be US$25 million for one-third of the station—110 cubic metres (3,900 cu ft)—for a 60-day lease and a round-trip taxi-seat to the B330 in low Earth orbit (LEO) on a SpaceX Dragon V2 was projected to be US$26.5 million per seat. At the time, Bigelow indicated that the habitat could be launch-ready by 2017.[8]

Also in 2014, Bigelow announced notional designs for two enhanced B330s,[8] but has explicitly stated that it would need to secure an anchor customer to go forward with building and launching any systems beyond low Earth orbit (BLEO).[24]

In April 2016, Bigelow signed an agreement with United Launch Services to launch the first B330 module in 2020 using an Atlas V rocket.[2]

XBASE

In August 2016 Bigelow negotiated an agreement with NASA to develop a full-sized ground prototype Deep Space Habitation based on the B330 under the second phase of Next Space Technologies for Exploration Partnerships. The module is called the Expandable Bigelow Advanced Station Enhancement (XBASE), as Bigelow hopes to test the module by attaching it to the International Space Station.[25]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Internal diameter when expanded.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 "International Space Development Conference - Bigelow Slideshow" (PDF). Bigelow Aerospace. 24 May 2011. Retrieved 27 May 2011.
  2. 1 2 3 Wall, Mike (11 April 2016). "Private Space Habitat to Launch in 2020 Under Commercial Spaceflight Deal". Space.com. Retrieved 17 April 2016.
  3. ↑ "Moonandback Interview With Robert Bigelow, part 3 – Pluses And Minuses". MoonandBack.com. 30 November 2011. Retrieved 10 December 2011.
  4. 1 2 3 "Bigelow Aerospace: BA 330". Bigelow Aerospace. Retrieved 2 May 2014.
  5. ↑ Bigelow Aerospace — Next-Generation Commercial Space Stations: BA 330 Archived 13 December 2010 at the Wayback Machine., Bigelow Aerospace, 2010, accessed 29 December 2010. ()
  6. ↑ David, Leonard (8 March 2005). "Progress Made on Inflatable Private Space Module". Space.com. Retrieved 7 April 2011.
  7. ↑ "Moonandback Interview With Robert Bigelow, part 3 – Pluses And Minuse". Moonandback Media. 30 November 2011. Retrieved 30 November 2011.
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Grondin, Yves (7 February 2014). "Affordable habitats means more Buck Rogers for less money says Bigelow". NASAspaceflight.com. Retrieved 16 February 2014.
  9. ↑ "Robert Bigelow Explains His Inflatable Space Module". Bloomberg Businessweek. 31 January 2013. Retrieved 23 May 2013.
  10. ↑ Rogers, Keith (23 July 2006). "Week in Review: Reporters Notebook". Las Vegas Review-Journal. Retrieved 1 June 2007.
  11. ↑ Private Spaceflight Goes Public, Alan Boyle, MSNBC Cosmic Log, 1 February 2010.
  12. ↑ "DuPont, Surlyn-resin, Combitherm-film case study".
  13. ↑ "TransHab Concept". National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA.gov). 27 June 2003. Archived from the original on 1 June 2007. Retrieved 1 June 2007.
  14. ↑ Putting Up the Ritz: Can pneumatic buildings breathe life into space tourism?, James Oberg, IEEE Spectrum, Feb 2007.
  15. ↑ Inflatable space module puffs up, Jonathan Fildes, BBC News, 14 July 2006
  16. ↑ Schrimpsher, Dan (21 August 2006). "Interview: TransHab developer William Schneider". TheSpaceReview.com. Retrieved 3 October 2009.
  17. ↑ An Interview with Constance Adams: Architect for the TransHab Inflatable Space Station Module, 30 May 2003
  18. ↑ "Launch of Genesis I Pathfinder Ushers in a New Era of Commercial Space Development". SpaceFellowship.com. 15 July 2006. Retrieved 12 March 2007.
  19. ↑ "The Five-Billion-Star Hotel, 1 Mar 2005".
  20. 1 2 Moon dreams - The Americans may still go to the moon before the Chinese, The Economist, 2010-02-18, accessed 22 February 2010. "The current plan is to launch the first full-scale habitat (called Sundancer) in 2014. Further modules will be added to this over the course of a year, and the result will be a space station with more usable volume than the existing international one."
  21. 1 2 Bigelow Aerospace — Next-Generation Commercial Space Stations: Orbital Complex Construction Archived 10 July 2010 at the Wayback Machine., Bigelow Aerospace, accessed 15 July 2010.
  22. ↑ Orbital Technologies Corporation (ORBITEC) Trusted by Bigelow Aerospace to provide Environmental Control and Life Support (ECLSS) for Sundancer Feb 2010.
  23. ↑ Diagram of B330 with Orbitec life support systems Feb 2010.
  24. 1 2 Grondin, Yves (14 February 2014). "Bigelow: Moon Property rights would help create a lunar industry". NASAspaceflight.com. Retrieved 16 February 2014. [Bigelow Aerospace] has the financial capacity to pay for at least two B330s habitats which should be ready by the end of 2016.
  25. ↑ Mahoney, Erin (August 9, 2016). "NextSTEP Partners Develop Ground Prototypes to Expand our Knowledge of Deep Space Habitats". NASA. Retrieved April 9, 2017.
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