Auregnais

Auregnais
Native to Alderney
Extinct by c. 1960 (some rememberers)
Language codes
ISO 639-3 –
Glottolog None
Linguasphere 51-AAA-hcg

Auregnais, Aoeur'gnaeux or Aurignais was the Norman dialect of the Channel Island of Alderney (French: Aurigny, Auregnais: Aoeur'gny or Auregny). It was closely related to the Guernésiais (Guernsey), Jèrriais (Jersey), Sercquiais (Sark) dialects of the neighbouring islands, as well as Continental Norman on the European mainland.

The dialect became extinct in the 20th century. Only a few examples of Auregnais survive, mostly in place names in Alderney, and one audio recording is known to exist. Linguists have called the disappearance of Auregnais "the worst documented case of recent language extinction."[1]

History

The last known native speaker of Auregnais died around 1960.[2][3] Linguist Frank Le Maistre, author of the Dictionnaire Jersiais-Français, recorded the only known audio samples of the language, which he published in 1982.[4]

One reason for the extinction of the language was movement of the population. In particular, the influx of labourers from the United Kingdom employed by the British government in the construction of the abortive harbour project and other fortifications (during the reign of Queen Victoria), as well as the stationing of a sizable British garrison among the small population, served to relegate Auregnais to a lesser status for communication. It is thought that the evacuation of nearly all indigenous Auregnais to the British mainland during World War II (the island was occupied by the Wehrmacht) was a major factor in the final loss of the spoken language. The language has suffered further losses in recent years due to an influx of people from England who have moved to the Bailiwick both for tax purposes and to fill the local skills gap.

Another reason for the language's demise was official neglect, especially in the education sector, where it was not taught at all. This led to a situation in which, as was noted by the Guernsey newspaper Le Bailliage in 1880, children had ceased to speak the language among themselves – partly due to teachers discouraging its use in favour of standard French. However, along with the decline in Auregnais went the decline in the use of French. French ceased to be an official language in the island in 1966. The official French used in the Channel Islands (see Jersey Legal French) differs slightly from Metropolitan French and greatly from the vernacular Norman.

Surnames and place names

Traces of the language still exist in many, if not most, local placenames. Many of these have been gallicised, but some notable examples include Ortac (Or'tac), Burhou (with the -hou suffix) and the first element of the name "Braye Harbour".

One or two words linger on in the local English, e.g. vraic (seaweed fertiliser – a word common throughout the Channel Islands), and the pronunciation of certain local surnames, e.g. Dupont and Simon as [dipõ] and [symõ] rather than the standard Parisian pronunciation. A few older people can still remember it being spoken, and know a word or two.

Les Casquets

Unusually, for such a small dialect, Auregnais used to have an exclave or "colony" of speakers on Les Casquets for a number of years. Algernon Charles Swinburne based his poem Les Casquets on the Houguez family who actually lived on the islands for 18 years. The Houguez family came from Alderney, and the evidence points to its members being Auregnais speakers – in fact the daughter married a man from Alderney. During this time, they were isolated and would have had few visitors, but would have spoken Auregnais most of the time.

References

  1. ↑ Gunther, Wilf (1990). "Language conservancy or: can the anciently established British minority languages survive?". Fourth International Conference on Minority Languages. p. 58. Retrieved 7 December 2015.
  2. ↑ Satter, Raphael (4 Oct 2012). "Scottish man dies, taking town’s unique dialect with him". The Toronto Star. Retrieved 30 September 2015. The last native speaker of Alderney French, a Norman dialect spoken in the Channel Islands, died around 1960.
  3. ↑ Price, G. (2000), "Alderney French (Auregnais)" in Encyclopedia of the Languages of Europe, Wiley-Blackwell, New Ed edition, ISBN 978-0631220398
  4. ↑ Sallabank, Julia (2013). Attitudes to Endangered Languages: Identities and Policies. Cambridge University Press. pp. 58–59. Retrieved 7 December 2015.
Additional sources
For a list of words relating to Auregnais, see the Auregnais language category of words in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Norman language (including Auregnais) edition of Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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