Audi hybrid vehicles

The Audi metroproject quattro, a concept vehicle showcasing Audi hybrid technology

Audi hybrid vehicles are hybrid electric vehicles created by the German carmaker, Audi. Some vehicles listed were concept vehicles, which utilised an internal combustion engine and an electric motor, and were used for research and development (R&D) for potential future use of the technology into possible series production. Audi launched its first hybrid concept car in 1989 called the Audi Duo, and was the first European company to sell a hybrid in 1997, though only in very small numbers.

Audi Duo

The original Audi Duo (styled duo) was created in 1989 and was first shown at the Frankfurt Motor Show,[1] and was based on the Audi C3 100 Avant. It was a petrol engine/electric hybrid concept vehicle. It was powered 100-kilowatt (136 PS; 134 bhp) five-cylinder petrol engine that drove the front wheels, and a part-time electric motor that could be activated when the vehicle was stationary, developing 9-kilowatt (12 PS; 12 bhp) and drove the rear wheels. It used nickel-cadmium batteries.[2]

Audi 100 Duo II

Audi 100 Duo second generation concept car was introduced in 1991. It featured Audi's "trademark" quattro permanent four-wheel drive system. Powered by a four-cylinder 2.0 L engine with 85 kilowatts (116 PS; 114 bhp)), with a 21 kilowatts (29 PS; 28 bhp) electric motor for the rear wheels when required. In electric mode the front axle was disconnected, and in this mode the Duo could reach a claimed top speed of 65 km/h (40.4 mph) and the sodium-sulfur battery sufficient for 80 km (49.71 miles).[2]

Audi A4 Duo III

The Audi Duo III was introduced in 1997, based on the Audi A4 Avant, and was the only Duo to ever make it into series production.[3] The Duo III used the 1.9-litre (120 cu in) Turbocharged Direct Injection (TDI) diesel engine producing 66 kW (90 PS; 89 bhp), which was coupled with a 21 kW (29 PS; 28 bhp) water-cooled electric motor. Both engine and motor powered the front wheels only, unlike the two previous concept Duos. There was a switch inside the cabin for changing between the electric motor and the engine. The batteries would be recharged during highway or country driving, or by plugging the car into an AC power outlet. The electric motor could also recover energy during deceleration and in electric mode the Duo had a range of approximately 50 kilometers (31.07 miles) and a top speed of 80 km/h (49.7 mph).[2]

The hybrid was unable to achieve fuel efficiency much greater than the standard 1.9 TDI, due to the extra weight the lead gelatin batteries added. There was little demand for this hybrid due to its high price, and thus only about 100 Duos were produced. The Duo was the first European hybrid ever put into production and up until early 2011 the only Audi.[3]

Audi Q7 hybrid 4.2 FSI quattro

Audi unveiled the Audi Q7 hybrid 4.2 FSI quattro, which uses their Fuel Stratified Injection (FSI) 4.2-litre V8 engine, at the 2005 Frankfurt Motor Show. Audi had planned to have the Q7 hybrid as a part of their 2008 model range, but never did.

Audi metroproject quattro

The metroproject quattro is a supermini/sub-compact, and was shown to the public at the 2007 Tokyo Motor Show.[4] Under the bonnet/hood is a 1.4-litre TSI petrol engine, producing 110 kilowatts (150 PS; 148 bhp).[4] This will distribute its torque of 240 newton metres (177 lbf·ft) to the front roadwheels via an 'S tronic' Direct-Shift Gearbox.[4] However, in the back of the car, beneath a perspex peephole, is a 30 kilowatts (41 PS; 40 bhp) electric motor which drives the rear axle, and can generate an additional 200 newton metres (148 lbf·ft) of torque, designed to create a zero emissions driving[4] experience in residential or city areas, and increase torque while the 1.4 TSI engine is accelerating.

A lithium-ion battery pack supports a range of up to 100 kilometres (62 mi).[4] In electric mode, the car has a top speed of more than 100 kilometres per hour (62 mph).[4] When both the engine and electric motors are working in unison, the car is transformed into a genuine quattro, with a combined torque output of 440 newton metres (325 lbf·ft) being shared between all four roadwheels.[4] Stop-start technology will be utilised,[4] as will regenerative braking. As a result, Audi claim a 15% improvement in fuel efficiency when compared to exclusive use of the internal combustion engine.[4]

The A1 started production in 2010 but without a hybrid. There are also no plans to add such later; instead Audi plan an all-electric version.

Audi Q5 hybrid

The Q5 is Audi's first large-scale production hybrid model on sale, first announced at the end of 2010, and sales started during 2011. Powered by a 2.0-litre TFSI turbocharged and direct injected petrol engine, producing 208 bhp, and a 33-kilowatt (45 PS; 44 bhp) electric motor providing a combined total output for the hybrid system is 241 bhp and 354 lb ft. Drive goes to all four wheels, and the gearbox is an eight-speed automatic, but without a torque converter as the electric motor also acts as a starter motor and as a generator. The 1.3 kW lithium-ion battery sits under the boot floor.[5]

Other concept models

Other Audi hybrid electric vehicles include:

Other production models

Audi A8 hybrid at the Frankfurt Motor Show in 2011

Batteries

Audi is planning an alliance with the Japanese electronic company Sanyo to develop a pilot hybrid project for the Volkswagen Group. The alliance could result in Sanyo batteries and other electronic components being used in future models of the Volkswagen Group.[9]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Youngtimer als Pionier der Hybridtechnik". Auto Motor und Sport. 16 April 2009. Retrieved 28 December 2012.
  2. 1 2 3 "The Audi duo". Audi Media Services. 27 October 2010. Retrieved 28 December 2012.
  3. 1 2 "History of Hybrid Vehicles". HybridCars.com. 2006-03-27. Archived from the original on 4 September 2009. Retrieved 2010-03-21.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "Audi Introduces Metroproject Quattro Sub-Compact Plug-In Hybrid Concept at Tokyo Show". BioAge Group, LLC. GreenCarCongress.com. 24 October 2007. Retrieved 14 November 2009.
  5. ↑ "Audi Q5 Hybrid Quattro (2011)". Car. 12 January 2011. Retrieved 28 December 2012.
  6. ↑ Audi New Car January 2011 Archived 7 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine.
  7. ↑ "Audi A6 Saloon Hybrid driven". Top Gear. November 2011. Retrieved 28 December 2012.
  8. ↑ "Audi A8 Hybrid (2012)". Car. 5 April 2012. Retrieved 28 December 2012.
  9. ↑ "Volkswagen expanding battery cooperation with Sanyo". Autoblog.com.
Audi, a marque of the Volkswagen Group, car timeline, European market, 1965–present
Type 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s
56789 0123456789 0123456789 0123456789 0123456789 01234567
Supermini 50 (86) 50 (300) A1
Small family car A3 A3 A3
S3 S3 S3
Compact luxury car F103 series 80 (82) 80 / 90 (85) 80 / 90 (89) 90 (8C) 90 (8D) A4 A4 A4
S-80 S4 S4 S4 S4
Mid-size luxury car 100 (F104/43/44/4A) / 200 (44) A6 A6 A6 A6
SC S6 S6 S6 (4F) S6 (4G)
Full-size luxury car V8 A8 A8 A8
S-V8 S8 S8
Sports car TT TT TT
Coupé 100 Coupé (82) Coupé (89) A5 A5
S5 S5
Full-size luxury fastback A7
S7
Muscle Car RS3 RS3
RS-80 RS4 RS4 RS4 RS4
RS6 RS6 RS6
TT RS TT RS
Kharmann Uria (Uria) S5 Muscle S5 Muscle
RS7
RS-Q3
Supercar R8
Crossover utility vehicle A4 allroad
A6 allroad A6 allroad A6 allroad
SUV Q2
Q3 Q5
Q7 Q7
Homologation road / rally car Y4 Y4 Y4

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