Auckland Central (New Zealand electorate)

Auckland Central electorate boundaries used since the 2014 election

Auckland Central is a New Zealand electoral division returning one member to the New Zealand House of Representatives. Its current representative is Nikki Kaye, a member of the National Party; she has represented the seat since 2008.

Population centres

In the 1887 electoral redistribution, although the Representation Commission was required through the Representation Act 1887 to maintain existing electorates "as far as possible", rapid population growth in the North Island required the transfer of three seats from the South Island to the north. Ten new electorates were created, including Auckland Central, and one former electorate was recreated.[1]

Auckland Central contains downtown Auckland, the suburbs of Ponsonby, Grey Lynn, Westmere, Arch Hill, Herne Bay, Freemans Bay, St Mary's Bay, Newton and Eden Terrace at the west side of the city. Because of the location of the main Auckland ferry terminal, Auckland Central also contains the islands of the Hauraki Gulf. At the 2008 election, Grafton became part of Epsom, and Point Chevalier moved into Mount Albert. To offset these changes, the suburb of Newton was drafted in from Mount Albert.

History

Auckland Central was created ahead of the 1887 election; it was carved from parts of the electorates of Auckland North and the Auckland West and focused around upper Queen Street, Grafton, and Newton. It lasted only until the 1890 elections, when a reduction in the number of electorates meant Auckland Central was re-incorporated into single larger Auckland electorate. At the 1905 elections, the Auckland seat was split into three seats, including a recreated Auckland Central.

The seat has been held by the Labour Party for most of its existence — between 1919 and 2008, the seat had spent only three years in the hands of another party (the left-wing Alliance, from 1993 to 1996). However, the 2008 election saw the National Party win the electorate for the first time. National retained the seat in 2011 and 2014, although with a reduced majority making Auckland Central one of the most marginal electorates in the country.

Members of Parliament

Unless otherwise stated, all MPs terms began and ended at general elections.

Key

  Independent     Liberal     Labour     Alliance     National  

Election Winner
1887 election George Grey
(Electorate abolished 1890–1905, see Auckland)
1905 election Alfred Kidd
1908 election Albert Glover
1911 election
1914 election
1919 election Bill Parry
1922 election
1925 election
1928 election
1931 election
1935 election
1938 election
1943 election
1946 election Bill Anderton
1949 election
1951 election
1954 election
1957 election
1960 election Norman Douglas
1963 election
1966 election
1969 election
1972 election
1975 election Richard Prebble
1978 election
1981 election
1984 election
1987 election
1990 election
1993 election Sandra Lee-Vercoe
1996 election Judith Tizard
1999 election
2002 election
2005 election
2008 election Nikki Kaye
2011 election
2014 election

List MPs

Members of Parliament elected from party lists in elections where that person also unsuccessfully contested the Auckland Central electorate. Unless otherwise stated, all MPs terms began and ended at general elections.

Key

  ACT     Alliance     Green     National     Labour  

Election Winner
1996 election Rodney Hide
Sandra Lee-Vercoe
1999 election Donna Awatere Huata
Sandra Lee-Vercoe
Nándor Tánczos
2002 election Nándor Tánczos
Pansy Wong
2005 election Pansy Wong
2005 Nándor Tánczos[lower-alpha 1]
2011 election Jacinda Ardern
Denise Roche
2014 election Jacinda Ardern
Denise Roche

Election results

2014 election

General election, 2014: Auckland Central[2]
Notes:

Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Green tickY or Red XN denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.

Party Candidate Votes % ±% Party Votes % ±%
National Green tickY Nikki Kaye 12,494 45.84 +0.44 12,652 44.93 +2.70
Labour Jacinda Ardern 11,894 43.63 +0.41 6,101 21.67 -3.44
Green Denise Roche 2,080 7.63 -1.13 6,242 22.17 -0.63
Internet Miriam Pierard 270 0.99 +0.99
Conservative Regan Monahan 258 0.95 +0.23 486 1.73 +0.91
ACT Dasha Kovalenko 193 0.71 +0.26 329 1.17 -0.01
Climate Peter Whitmore 50 0.18 +0.18
Money Free Jordan Osmaston 19 0.07 +0.07
NZ First   1,459 5.18 +1.08
Internet Mana   553 1.96 +1.27[lower-alpha 2]
Māori   158 0.56 -1.08
Legalise Cannabis   85 0.30 -0.12
United Future   53 0.19 -0.03
Civilian   17 0.06 +0.06
Ban 1080   10 0.04 +0.04
Independent Coalition   7 0.02 +0.02
Democrats   3 0.01 -0.58
Focus   2 0.01 +0.01
Informal votes 195 99
Total Valid votes 27,453 28,256
Turnout 28,040 76.76[3] +1.47
National hold Majority 600 2.20 +0.04

2011 election

General election, 2011: Auckland Central[4]
Notes:

Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Green tickY or Red XN denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.

Party Candidate Votes % ±% Party Votes % ±%
National Green tickY Nikki Kaye 15,038 45.39 +2.48 14,447 42.24 +2.15
Labour Jacinda Ardern 14,321 43.23 +4.69 8,590 25.11 -9.44
Green Denise Roche 2,903 8.76 -4.66 7,797 22.79 +7.33
NZ First Allen Davies 412 1.24 +1.24 1,403 4.10 +1.81
Conservative Stephen Greenfield 238 0.72 +0.72 280 0.82 +0.82
ACT David Seymour 149 0.45 -1.25 404 1.18 -2.95
Human Rights Anthony van den Heuval 68 0.21 +0.01
Māori   562 1.64 +0.71
Mana   237 0.69 +0.69
Democrats   202 0.59 +0.56
Legalise Cannabis   146 0.43 +0.14
United Future   75 0.22 -0.46
Libertarianz   53 0.15 +0.08
Alliance   10 0.03 -0.002
Informal votes 352 164
Total Valid votes 33,129 34,206
National hold Majority 717 2.16 -2.21

Electorate (as at 26 November 2011): 45,649[5]

2008 election

General election, 2008: Auckland Central[6]
Notes:

Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Green tickY or Red XN denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.

Party Candidate Votes % ±% Party Votes % ±%
National Nikki Kaye 14,677 42.91 +9.81 14,112 40.08 +6.36
Labour Red XN Judith Tizard 13,180 38.53 -5.36 12,166 34.55 -10.68
Green Denise Roche 4,592 13.43 -1.38 5,446 15.47 +2.49
ACT Scott Uren 581 1.70 +0.15 1,456 4.14 +2.35
Legalise Cannabis Kevin O'Connell 349 1.02 - 101 0.29 +0.12
Progressive Justin Robson 274 0.80 +0.06 226 0.64 -0.17
RAM Oliver Woods 132 0.39 - 16 0.05 -
United Future Aaron Galey-Young 128 0.37 -0.91 168 0.48 -0.82
Independent Thomas Forde 84 0.25 -0.01
Independent Stephen Greenfield 68 0.20 -
Human Rights Anthony Ravlich 67 0.20 -
Alliance Sarita Divis 39 0.11 - 11 0.03 -0.02
RONZ Kerry Bevin 32 0.09 +0.00 10 0.03 +0.02
NZ First   806 2.29 -0.55
Māori   328 0.93 +0.33
Bill and Ben   132 0.37 -
Pacific   73 0.21 -
Kiwi   70 0.20 -
Family Party   38 0.11 -
Libertarianz   27 0.08 +0.01
Workers Party   12 0.03 -
Democrats   10 0.03 +0.00
Informal votes 290 101
Total Valid votes 34,203 35,208
National gain from Labour Majority 1,497 4.38 -6.42

2005 election

General election, 2005: Auckland Central[7]
Notes:

Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Green tickY or Red XN denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.

Party Candidate Votes % ±% Party Votes % ±%
Labour Green tickY Judith Tizard 15,794 43.89 +0.56 16,639 45.24
National Pansy Wong 11,910 33.10 +6.73 12,403 33.72
Green Nándor Tánczos 5,327 14.80 4,775 12.98
NZ First Susan Baragwanath 996 2.77 1,044 2.84
ACT Helen Simpson 559 1.55 658 1.79
United Future Steve Taylor 461 1.28 477 1.30
Māori Bronwyn Yates 330 0.92 223 0.61
Progressive Petronella Townsend 266 0.74 297 0.81
Destiny Maureen Vincent 150 0.42 80 0.22
Independent Thomas Forde 91 0.25
Direct Democracy Dilip Rupa 69 0.19 15 0.04
RONZ Alan Candy 32 0.09 3 0.01
Legalise Cannabis   61 0.17
Christian Heritage   29 0.08
Libertarianz   25 0.07
Alliance   19 0.05
Family Rights   13 0.04
Democrats   10 0.03
99 MP   5 0.01
One NZ   5 0.01
Informal votes 292 115
Total Valid votes 35,985 36,781
Labour hold Majority 3,884 10.79 -6.17

2002 election

General election, 2002: Auckland Central[8]
Notes:

Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Green tickY or Red XN denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.

Party Candidate Votes % ±% Party Votes % ±%
Labour Green tickY Judith Tizard 13,298 43.33 13,929 44.10
National Pansy Wong 8,093 26.37 4,748 15.03
Green Nándor Tánczos 6,212 20.24 4,990 15.80
ACT Lech Beltowski 1,223 3.98 3,358 10.63
United Future Steve Taylor 770 2.51 1,266 4.01
Alliance Mike Treen 365 1.19 513 1.62
Progressive Vivienne Shepherd 333 1.08 468 1.48
Christian Heritage Sean Michael Reynolds 235 0.77 163 0.52
Independent Neil Head 97 0.32
Independent Anthony Van Den Heuvel 66 0.22
NZ First   1,809 5.73
Legalise Cannabis   164 0.52
ORNZ   137 0.43
Mana Māori   20 0.06
One NZ   15 0.05
NMP   3 0.01
Informal votes 357 89
Total Valid votes 30,692 31,583
Labour hold Majority 5,205 16.96

1999 election

General election, 1999: Auckland Central[9][10]
Notes:

Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Green tickY or Red XN denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.

Party Candidate Votes % ±% Party Votes % ±%
Labour Green tickY Judith Tizard 12,645 38.74 13,647 41.50
National Martin Poulsen 7,360 22.55 7,747 23.56
Alliance Sandra Lee-Vercoe 6,129 18.78 2,321 7.06
Green Nándor Tánczos 3,057 9.37 4,235 12.88
ACT Donna Awatere Huata 2,301 7.05 2,929 8.91
Christian Heritage Dick Holland 435 1.33 332 1.01
NZ First Dilip Rupa 380 1.16 671 2.04
Blokes Liberation Front Pieter de Jonge 169 0.52
Mana Māori Tame Iti 83 0.25 19 0.06
South Island Gerry Campbell 43 0.13 7 0.02
Communist League Terence Coggan 38 0.12
Legalise Cannabis   296 0.90
Future NZ   150 0.46
United NZ   130 0.40
Libertarianz   124 0.38
Mauri Pacific   108 0.33
Animals First   58 0.18
McGillicuddy Serious   52 0.16
Natural Law   27 0.08
One NZ   17 0.05
NMP   9 0.03
People's Choice Party 4 0.01
Freedom Movement 1 0.00
Republican   1 0.00
Informal votes
Total Valid votes 32,640 32,885
Labour hold Majority 5,285 16.19

1996 election

General election, 1996: Auckland Central[11][12][13]
Notes:

Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Green tickY or Red XN denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.

Party Candidate Votes % ±% Party Votes % ±%
Labour Green tickY Judith Tizard 12,219 36.57 12,465 37.14
Alliance Red XN Sandra Lee-Vercoe 8,866 26.53 3,855 11.49
National Shane Frith 7,462 22.33 8,945 26.65
ACT Rodney Hide 1,848 5.53 3,393 10.11
NZ First Richard Whittaker 1,565 4.68 2,307 6.87
Christian Coalition Barrie Patterson 398 1.19 598 1.78
Progressive Green Laurence Boomert 326 0.98 229 0.68
McGillicuddy Serious Alistair Ramsden 226 0.68 129 0.38
Green Society Simon Reeves 175 0.52 110 0.33
Blokes Liberation Front Chris Brady 139 0.42
Natural Law Mark Watts 108 0.32 70 0.21
Independent Peter de Jonge 27 0.08
Citizens Party Wayne Young 18 0.05
Independent Lynne Robertson 13 0.04
Independent Adam Le Lievre 10 0.03
Independent Victor Bryers 7 0.02
Republican Duane Sutton 7 0.02
Legalise Cannabis   1,003 2.99
United NZ   199 0.59
Animals First   90 0.27
Libertarianz   41 0.12
Ethnic Minority Party 40 0.12
Mana Māori   32 0.10
Asia Pacific United 21 0.06
Advance New Zealand 14 0.04
Superannuitants & Youth 14 0.04
Conservatives 5 0.01
Te Tawharau 3 0.01
Informal votes 286 137
Total Valid votes 33,414 33,563
Labour gain from Alliance Majority 3,353 9.99

1993 election

General election, 1993: Auckland Central[14]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Alliance Sandra Lee-Vercoe 8,106 39.1
Labour Richard Prebble 6,815 32.9 -11.1
National Arthur Anae 4,242 20.4
NZ First Honoria Gray 967 4.6
Christian Heritage A Kennedy 210 1.0
McGillicuddy Serious Graeme Minchin 206 0.9
Natural Law G Sanson 74 0.3
Blokes Liberation Front P Millett 57 0.2
Communist League James Robb 32 0.1
Majority 1,291 6.2
Turnout 20,709

1990 election

General election, 1990: Auckland Central[15]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Labour Richard Prebble 7,876 44.0 -21.3
National K Hill 4,599 25.7
Green Mike Johnson 3,089 17.2
NewLabour Cliff Robinson 1,550 8.6
Legalise Cannabis Michael Finlayson 292 1.6
McGillicuddy Serious Vince Terreni 189 1.1 +0.1
Democrats B Jordan 181 1.0
Blokes Liberation Front Chris Brady 74 0.4
Communist League R S Johnson 28 0.1
Majority 3,277 18.3 -24.4
Turnout 17,878

1987 election

General election, 1987: Auckland Central[16]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Labour Richard Prebble 11,259 65.3 +2.8
National S J Mayer 3,904 22.6
Left Alternative J G Jesson 1,090 6.3
Democrats B A Jordan 459 2.7
Independent H Bickley 262 1.5
McGillicuddy Serious Vince Terreni 172 1.0
NZ Party A C Dunn 109 0.6
Majority 7,355 42.7 -1.6
Turnout 20,278 91.7 -2.8

1984 election

General election, 1984: Auckland Central[16]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Labour Richard Prebble 12,522 62.5 +1.3
National Maureen Eardley-Wilmot 3,646 18.2
NZ Party Mark Sapsford 2,571 12.8
Social Credit I C Andrews 751 3.7
Independent L P Cotman 253 1.3
Values C D Cowan 208 1.0
Cheer Up Vince Terreni 95 0.5 -0.7
Majority 8,876 44.3 +7.3
Turnout 22,689 94.5 +8.3

1981 election

General election, 1981: Auckland Central[16]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Labour Richard Prebble 10,952 61.2
National Dorice Reid 4,338 24.2
Social Credit Bruce Sheppard 2,401 13.4
Cheer Up Vince Terreni 208 1.2
Majority 6,614 37.0 +4.9
Turnout 20,980 86.2 +36.5

1978 election

General election, 1978: Auckland Central[16]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Labour Richard Prebble 9,603 58.4 +16.0
National M T Cole 4,319 26.3
Social Credit M J Hine 1,683 10.2
Values K C Langton 704 4.3
Independent Labour B J Shaw 65 0.4 +0.2
Socialist Action Brigid Mulrennan 62 0.4 +0.1
Majority 5,284 32.1 +30.2
Turnout 33,755 49.7 -18.6

1975 election

General election, 1975: Auckland Central[16]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Labour Richard Prebble 6,506 42.2
National Murray McCully 6,217 40.5
Values Reg Clough 1,939 12.6
Social Credit Allan Donovan 410 2.7 -2.8
Christian Democratic Tom Weal 172 1.1
Socialist Action Brigid Mulrennan 46 0.3
Liberal Peter Blakeborough 37 0.2
Independent Labour B J Shaw 35 0.2
Majority 289 1.9
Turnout 23,005 68.3 -13.8

1972 election

General election, 1972: Auckland Central[16]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Labour Norman Douglas 7,105 50.7 -0.3
National Clive Edwards 5,096 36.4 -6.2
Values Dave Hopkinson 878 6.3
Social Credit Allan Donovan 767 5.5
Independent Labour Gordon Ingham 101 0.7
New Democratic M Pinkey 53 0.4
Majority 2,009 14.3 +5.9
Turnout 17,232 82.1 -3.3

1969 election

General election, 1969: Auckland Central[17]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Labour Norman Douglas 6,851 51.0 -6.1
National Clive Edwards 5,727 42.6
Social Credit D B Guilford 507 3.8
Independent Labour Owen Gager 164 1.2
Independent E M P James 130 1.0
Communist Ralph Hegman 50 0.4
Majority 1,124 8.4 -15.6
Turnout 15,860 85.4

1966 election

General election, 1966: Auckland Central[17]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Labour Norman Douglas 6,103 57.1 -1.3
National Marie Quinn 3,541 33.1
Social Credit J R Burke 1,043 9.8
Majority 2,562 24.0 -0.4
Turnout 14,022 77.3 -6.8

1963 election

General election, 1963: Auckland Central[17]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Labour Norman Douglas 7,727 58.4 +4.1
National Walter Stevens 4,500 34.0
Social Credit M Rickard 563 4.3
Liberal D A Hannay 273 2.1
Communist R C Wolf 155 1.2
Majority 3,227 24.4 +10.1
Turnout 15,907 84.1 +2.1

1960 election

General election, 1960: Auckland Central[17]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Labour Norman Douglas 6,915 54.3
National R J Presland 5,069 39.8
Social Credit L B Liddle 586 4.6 -0.4
Communist Peter McAra 164 1.3
Majority 1,846 14.5
Turnout 15,702 82.0 -8.4

1957 election

General election, 1957: Auckland Central[17]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Labour Bill Anderton 9,144 60.2 -3.6
National A A Joyce 5,288 34.8
Social Credit L B Liddle 768 5.0
Majority 3,856 25.4 -9.5
Turnout 16,894 90.4 +7.3

1954 election

General election, 1954: Auckland Central[17]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Labour Bill Anderton 7,493 63.8 +1.3
National J W Stewart 3,400 28.9
Social Credit A H Gilbert 681 5.8
Communist Vic Wilcox 173 1.5
Majority 4,093 34.9 +8.3
Turnout 14,192 83.1 +3.0

1951 election

General election, 1951: Auckland Central[18]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Labour Bill Anderton 5,097 62.5 -1.0
National P G Hillyer 2,929 35.9
Communist Johnny Mitchell 135 1.6 -0.9
Majority 2,168 26.6 -3.7
Turnout 10,248 80.1 -14.4

1949 election

General election, 1949: Auckland Central[19]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Labour Bill Anderton 5,863 63.5 -3.5
National L G Bradley 3,064 33.2
Communist Johnny Mitchell 237 2.5
Independent H K Jones 73 0.8
Majority 2,799 30.3 -3.7
Turnout 9,888 94.5 +3.3

1946 election

General election, 1946: Auckland Central[20]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Labour Bill Anderton 6,865 67.0
National Leon Götz 3,387 33.0
Majority 3,478 34.0
Turnout 11,314 91.2

1943 election

There were four candidates in 1943, with the election won by Bill Parry over William George Stanley Swabey.[21]

1935 election

General election, 1935: Auckland Central[22]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Labour Bill Parry 6,871 74.92
Democrat Clifford Reid Dodd 1,573 17.15
Liberal-Labour John Lundon 284 3.09
Independent George Mullenger[nb 1] 264 2.87
Communist Tom Stanley 179 1.95
Majority 5,298 57.76
Turnout 9,171

Table footnotes:

  1. ↑ Mullenger ran as an Independent, but was aligned to the United/Reform Coalition.

1931 election

General election, 1931: Auckland Central[23][24]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Labour Bill Parry 5,382 72.47
United Harold Penfound Congdon 1,589 21.39
Communist Jim Edwards[25] 456 6.14
Majority 3,793 51.07
Informal votes 78 1.04
Turnout 7,505 70.11
Registered electors 10,705

1925 election

General election, 1925: Auckland Central[26][27][28]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Labour Bill Parry 5,672 64.20
Reform Charles Augustus Wilson 2,172 24.58
Liberal Frederick Stanley Morton 991 11.22
Majority 3,500 39.62
Informal votes 91 1.02
Turnout 8,926 86.84
Registered electors 10,279

1914 election

General election, 1914: Auckland Central[29]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Liberal Albert Glover 4,053 56.93 +3.73
Social Democrat Michael Joseph Savage 1,751 24.59 +1.01
Reform William Richardson 1,315 18.47 +10.60
Informal votes 100 1.40
Majority 2,302 32.33
Turnout 7,119

1911 election

General election, 1911: Auckland Central[30]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Liberal Albert Glover 4,061 53.20 -10.87
Socialist Michael Joseph Savage 1,800 23.58
Independent James Gleeson 1,171 15.34
Reform William Richardson 601 7.87
Informal votes 99 1.29 -0.92
Majority 2,261 29.62 -10.56
Turnout 7,633

1908 election

General election, 1908: Auckland Central, First ballot[31]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Liberal Albert Glover 4,050 64.07
Liberal Alfred Kidd 1,510 23.88 -29.46
Ind. Labour League Arthur Rosser 621 9.82
Informal votes 140 2.21 -0.79
Majority 2,540 40.18
Turnout 6,321 71.78 -6.20
Registered electors 8,806

1905 election

General election, 1905: Auckland Central[32]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Liberal Alfred Kidd 2,701 53.34
Conservative Lemuel John Bagnall 1,762 34.80
Ind. Labour League James Aggers 360 7.11
Independent Samuel Alexander Tilly 51 1.00
Conservative Albert Penn Bradly 37 0.73
Informal votes 152 3.00
Majority 939 18.54
Turnout 5,063 77.98
Registered electors 6,492

1887 election

General election, 1887, Auckland Central[33]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Independent Sir George Grey Unopposed
Registered electors 1,782

Table footnotes

  1. ↑ Tanczos got out of parliament at the 2005 election but as he was next on the party list when Green MP Rod Donald died Tanczos regained his seat in parliament.
  2. ↑ 2014 Internet Mana swing is relative to the votes for Mana in 2011; it shared a party list with Internet in the 2014 election.

References

  1. ↑ McRobie 1989, pp. 50–53.
  2. ↑ "Official Count Results – Auckland Central". Electoral Commission. 4 October 2014. Retrieved 4 October 2014.
  3. ↑ "2014 General Election Voter Turnout Statistics – Auckland Central". Electoral Commission. 21 January 2016. Retrieved 21 January 2016.
  4. ↑ 2011 election results
  5. ↑ "Enrolment statistics - Auckland Central". Electoral Commission. 25 November 2011. Archived from the original on 6 August 2011. Retrieved 26 November 2011.
  6. ↑ 2008 election results
  7. ↑ 2005 election results
  8. ↑ 2002 election results
  9. ↑ "Candidate vote details - Auckland Central 1999". October 2005.
  10. ↑ "Votes for registered parties by electorate, 1999". October 2005.
  11. ↑ "Electorate Candidate and Party Votes Recorded at Each Polling Place - Auckland Central, 1996" (PDF). Retrieved 24 December 2011.
  12. ↑ "Part III - Party Lists of Successful Registered Parties" (PDF). Electoral Commission. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 February 2013. Retrieved 14 June 2013.
  13. ↑ "Part III - Party Lists of unsuccessful Registered Parties" (PDF). Electoral Commission. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 February 2013. Retrieved 14 June 2013.
  14. ↑ Part 1: Votes recorded at each polling place (Technical report). New Zealand Chief Electoral Office. 1993.
  15. ↑ Part 1: Votes recorded at each polling place (Technical report). New Zealand Chief Electoral Office. 1990.
  16. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Norton 1988, pp. 194.
  17. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Norton 1988, pp. 193.
  18. ↑ "The New Zealand Official Year-Book, 1951–52". Statistics New Zealand. Retrieved 19 November 2012.
  19. ↑ "The General Election, 1949". National Library. 1950. pp. 1–5, 8. Retrieved 3 January 2014.
  20. ↑ "The General Election, 1946". National Library. 1947. pp. 1–11, 14. Retrieved 1 January 2014.
  21. ↑ "Electoral". The New Zealand Herald. 80 (24713). 13 October 1943. p. 5. Retrieved 15 May 2017.
  22. ↑ The New Zealand Official Year-Book. Government Printer. 1936. Retrieved 3 August 2013.
  23. ↑ The General Election, 1931. Government Printer. 1932. p. 1. Retrieved 2 November 2014.
  24. ↑ "Electoral". The New Zealand Herald. LXVIII (21036). 21 November 1931. p. 16. Retrieved 6 November 2014.
  25. ↑ Simpson, Tony. "James Henry Edwards". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Ministry for Culture and Heritage. Retrieved 23 April 2017.
  26. ↑ The General Election, 1925. Government Printer. 1926. p. 1. Retrieved 19 April 2015.
  27. ↑ "Electoral". The New Zealand Herald. LXII (19162). 30 October 1925. p. 4. Retrieved 19 April 2015.
  28. ↑ "Recount of Votes". The Evening Post. 116 (116). 12 November 1925. p. 6. Retrieved 19 April 2015.
  29. ↑ Hislop, J. (1915). The General Election, 1914. National Library. pp. 1–33. Retrieved 1 August 2013.
  30. ↑ "The General Election, 1911". National Library. 1912. pp. 1–14. Retrieved 1 August 2013.
  31. ↑ "The General Election, 1908". National Library. 1909. pp. 1–34. Retrieved 14 April 2012.
  32. ↑ The General Election, 1905. p. 3. Retrieved 26 November 2015.
  33. ↑ "The General Election, 1887". National Library. 1887. pp. 1–4. Retrieved 25 February 2012.

Bibliography

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