Astragalus propinquus

Astragalus propinquus
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
(unranked): Angiosperms
(unranked): Eudicots
(unranked): Rosids
Order: Fabales
Family: Fabaceae
Genus: Astragalus
Species: A. propinquus
Binomial name
Astragalus propinquus
Schischkin[1]
Synonyms
  • "Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge
  • Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge var. mongholicus (Bunge)P.K.Hsiao
  • Astragalus propinquus Schischkin var. glabra Vydr.
  • Phaca membranacea Fisch."[1]

Astragalus propinquus (syn. Astragalus membranaceus,[2] commonly known as Mongolian milkvetch[3] in English and as huáng qí (Chinese: 黄芪), běi qí (Chinese: 北芪) or huáng huā huáng qí (Chinese: 黄花黄耆),[4] in Chinese, is a flowering plant in the family Fabaceae. It is one of the 50 fundamental herbs used in traditional Chinese medicine.[5] It is a perennial plant and it is not listed as being threatened.[1]

Use

Herbalism

A. propinquus is used in traditional Chinese medicine for healing and for diabetes.[6]

The natural gum tragacanth, which is used in pharmaceuticals and textiles, is obtained from Astragalus tragacanthus.[7]

Medical

A. propinquus is an component in Lectranal, a food supplement used in treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis.[8][9]

Chemistry

An extract of A. propinquus called TA-65 may activate telomerase, extending the lengths of the shortest telomeres which protect the terminal DNA at the ends of all chromosomes.[10] It contains the saponin cycloastragenol. Constituents of the roots (Radix Astragali) include polysaccharides, triterpenoids (astragalosides)[11] as well as isoflavones (including kumatakenin, calycosin and formononetin) along with their glycosides and malonates.[12]

Toxicology

While several other species of Astragalus are known to cause severe poisonings in livestock due to indolizine alkaloids, aliphatic nitro compounds, and accumulated selenium,[13] none of these constituents have been detected in the medicinal species Astragalus membranaceus used in dietary supplements and TCM preparations.[14]

Compendial status

A. propinquus is listed in the following official Pharmacopeia:

See also

Notes and references

  1. 1 2 3 "Astragalus propinquus Schischkin". LegumeWeb. International Legume Database & Information Service. 2005-11-01. Retrieved 2012-02-27.
  2. ↑ http://www.ildis.org/LegumeWeb?version~10.01&LegumeWeb&tno~16104&genus~Astragalus&species~membranaceus
  3. ↑ English Names for Korean Native Plants (PDF). Pocheon: Korea National Arboretum. 2015. p. 368. ISBN 978-89-97450-98-5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 May 2017. Retrieved 26 January 2017 – via Korea Forest Service.
  4. ↑ Joe Hing Kwok Chu. "Huang qi". Complementary and Alternative Healing University. Retrieved 2012-02-27.
  5. ↑ "Astragalus membranaceus - Moench.". Plants for a Future.
  6. ↑ Block, Keith I.; Mead, Mark N. (1 September 2003). "Immune System Effects of Echinacea, Ginseng, and Astragalus: A Review". Integrative Cancer Therapies. 2 (3): 247–267. doi:10.1177/1534735403256419.
  7. ↑ Gentry, H. S.; Mittleman, M.; McCrohan, P. R. (1990). "Introduction of Chia and Gum Tragacanth in the U.S.". Purdue University Crop Index. Purdue University. Retrieved 2012-02-26.
  8. ↑ Matkovic Z, Zivkovic V, Korica M, Plavec D, Pecanic S, Tudoric N (2010). "Efficacy and safety of Astragalus membranaceus in the treatment of patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis". Phytother Res. 24 (2): 175–81. PMID 19504468. doi:10.1002/ptr.2877.
  9. ↑ Guo, Ruoling; Pittler, Max H.; Ernst, Edzard (December 2007). "Herbal medicines for the treatment of allergic rhinitis: a systematic review". Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. 99 (6): 483–495. PMID 18219828. doi:10.1016/S1081-1206(10)60375-4.
  10. ↑ Harley, C. B.; Liu, W.; Blasco, M.; Vera, E.; Andrews, W. H.; Briggs, L. A.; Raffaele, J. M. (2011). "A Natural Product Telomerase Activator As Part of a Health Maintenance Program". Rejuvenation Research. 14 (1): 45–56. PMC 3045570 Freely accessible. PMID 20822369. doi:10.1089/rej.2010.1085.
  11. ↑ Xu, Q.; Ma, X.; Liang, X. (2007). "Determination of Astragalosides in the Roots of Astragalus spp. Using Liquid Chromatography Tandem Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry". Phytochemical Analysis. 18 (5): 419–427. PMID 17624885. doi:10.1002/pca.997.
  12. ↑ Lin, L. Z.; He, X. G.; Lindenmaier, M.; Nolan, G.; Yang, J.; Cleary, M.; Qiu, S. X.; Cordell, G. A. (2000). "Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry Study of the Flavonoids of the Roots of Astragalus mongholicus and A. membranaceus". Journal of Chromatography A. 876 (1–2): 87–95. PMID 10823504. doi:10.1016/S0021-9673(00)00149-7.
  13. ↑ "A review of the pharmacology and toxicology of Astragalus". Phytotherapy Research. 11 (6): 411–418. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1099-1573(199709)11:6<411::AID-PTR132>3.0.CO;2-6.
  14. ↑ "Astragalus". WebMD.
  15. ↑ Japanese Pharmacopoeia (PDF) (15th ed.). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-22.
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