Asthenozoospermia
| -spermia, Further information: Testicular infertility factors |
| (A)spermia - complete lack of semen |
| (Asthenozoo)spermia - reduced sperm motility |
| (Azoo)spermia - absence of sperm cells in semen |
| (Hyper)spermia - large semen volume |
| (Hypo)spermia - small semen volume |
| (Oligozoo)spermia - few spermatozoa in semen |
| (Necrozoo)spermia - dead or immobile sperms |
| (Teratozoo)spermia - sperm with abnormal morphology |
Asthenozoospermia (or asthenospermia) is the medical term for reduced sperm motility. Complete asthenozoospermia, that is, 100% immotile spermatozoa in the ejaculate, is reported at a frequency of 1 of 5000 men.[1] Causes of complete asthenozoospermia include metabolic deficiencies, ultrastructural abnormalities of the sperm flagellum (see Primary ciliary dyskinesia) and necrozoospermia.[1]
It decreases the sperm quality and is therefore one of the major causes of infertility or reduced fertility in men. A method to increase the chance of pregnancy is ICSI.[1] The percentage of viable spermatozoa in complete asthenozoospermia varies between 0 and 100%.[1]
DNA fragmentation
Sperm DNA fragmentation level is higher in men with sperm motility defects (asthenozoospermia) than in men with oligozoospermia or teratozoospermia.[2] Among men with asthenozoospermia, 31% were found to have high levels of DNA fragmentation. As reviewed by Wright et al.[3], high levels of DNA fragmentation have been shown to be a robust indicator of male infertility.
References
- 1 2 3 4 Ortega, C.; Verheyen, G.; Raick, D.; Camus, M.; Devroey, P.; Tournaye, H. (2011). "Absolute asthenozoospermia and ICSI: What are the options?". Human Reproduction Update. 17 (5): 684–692. PMID 21816768. doi:10.1093/humupd/dmr018.
- ↑ Belloc S, Benkhalifa M, Cohen-Bacrie M, Dalleac A, Chahine H, Amar E, Zini A (2014). "Which isolated sperm abnormality is most related to sperm DNA damage in men presenting for infertility evaluation". J. Assist. Reprod. Genet. 31 (5): 527–32. PMC 4016368
. PMID 24566945. doi:10.1007/s10815-014-0194-3. - ↑ Wright C, Milne S, Leeson H (2014). "Sperm DNA damage caused by oxidative stress: modifiable clinical, lifestyle and nutritional factors in male infertility". Reprod. Biomed. Online. 28 (6): 684–703. PMID 24745838. doi:10.1016/j.rbmo.2014.02.004.