Ascidian mitochondrial code

The ascidian mitochondrial code (translation table 13) is a genetic code found in the mitochondria of Ascidia.

Code

   AAs = FFLLSSSSYY**CCWWLLLLPPPPHHQQRRRRIIMMTTTTNNKKSSGGVVVVAAAADDEEGGGG
Starts = ---M------------------------------MM---------------M------------
 Base1 = TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG
 Base2 = TTTTCCCCAAAAGGGGTTTTCCCCAAAAGGGGTTTTCCCCAAAAGGGGTTTTCCCCAAAAGGGG
 Base3 = TCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAGTCAG

Bases: adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G) and thymine (T) or uracil (U).

Amino acids: Alanine (Ala, A), Arginine (Arg, R), Asparagine (Asn, N), Aspartic acid (Asp, D), Cysteine (Cys, C), Glutamic acid (Glu, E), Glutamine (Gln, Q), Glycine (Gly, G), Histidine (His, H), Isoleucine (Ile, I), Leucine (Leu, L), Lysine (Lys, K), Methionine (Met, M), Phenylalanine (Phe, F), Proline (Pro, P), Serine (Ser, S), Threonine (Thr, T), Tryptophan (Trp, W), Tyrosine (Tyr, Y), Valine (Val, V)

Differences from the standard code

Differences from the standard code:
Code 13 Standard
AGA Gly Arg
AGG Gly Arg
AUA Met Ile
UGA Trp Ter

Systematic range and comments

There is evidence from a phylogenetically diverse sample of tunicates (Urochordata) that AGA and AGG code for glycine. In other organisms, AGA/AGG code for either arginine or serine and in vertebrate mitochondria they code a STOP. Evidence for glycine translation of AGA/AGG has been found in Pyura stolonifera[1][2][3][4][5]

Alternative initiation codons

See also

References

  1. ↑ Durrheim GA, Corfield VA, Harley EH, Ricketts MH (1993). "Nucleotide sequence of cytochrome oxidase (subunit III) from the mitochondrion of the tunicate Pyura stolonifera: evidence that AGR encodes glycine". Nucleic Acids Research. 21 (15): 3587–8. PMC 331473 Freely accessible. PMID 8393993.
  2. ↑ Kondow A, Suzuki T, Yokobori S, Ueda T, Watanabe K (June 1999). "An extra tRNAGly(U*CU) found in ascidian mitochondria responsible for decoding non-universal codons AGA/AGG as glycine". Nucleic Acids Research. 27 (12): 2554–9. PMC 148460 Freely accessible. PMID 10352185. doi:10.1093/nar/27.12.2554.
  3. ↑ Yokobori S, Ueda T, Watanabe K (January 1993). "Codons AGA and AGG are read as glycine in ascidian mitochondria". Journal of Molecular Evolution. 36 (1): 1–8. PMID 8381878. doi:10.1007/bf02407301.
  4. 1 2 Yokobori S, Watanabe Y, Oshima T (November 2003). "Mitochondrial genome of Ciona savignyi (Urochordata, Ascidiacea, Enterogona): comparison of gene arrangement and tRNA genes with Halocynthia roretzi mitochondrial genome". Journal of Molecular Evolution. 57 (5): 574–87. PMID 14738316. doi:10.1007/s00239-003-2511-9.
  5. ↑ Yokobori S, Ueda T, Feldmaier-Fuchs G, Pääbo S, Ueshima R, Kondow A, Nishikawa K, Watanabe K (December 1999). "Complete DNA sequence of the mitochondrial genome of the ascidian Halocynthia roretzi (Chordata, Urochordata)". Genetics. 153 (4): 1851–62. PMC 1460873 Freely accessible. PMID 10581290.
  6. ↑ Gissi C, Pesole G (2003). "Transcript mapping and genome annotation of ascidian mtDNA using EST data". Genome Research. 13 (9): 2203–12. PMC 403730 Freely accessible. PMID 12915488. doi:10.1101/gr.1227803.
  7. ↑ The Genetic Codes
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