Armenians in Singapore
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The Armenians in Singapore are a small community who had a significant presence in the early history of Singapore. They numbered around 100 individuals at their peak in the early 1920s, but most have moved on to other countries or become absorbed into the wider Singapore community. They were among the earliest merchants to arrive in Singapore when it was established as a trading port by Sir Stamford Raffles in 1819. The Armenian Apostolic Church of St Gregory the Illuminator on Armenian Street, the second church built in Singapore, is today the oldest existing one.
History
The early Armenians of Singapore had their origin in Julfa, whose population were deported to Isfahan (forming New Julfa) by Shah Abbas of Persia after he captured the city in 1603.[2] Some of these Armenians then migrated to India and further beyond, and by the 18th century, Armenian communities had established themselves in India (particularly Kolkata), Myanmar, the Malay Peninsula (particularly Penang and Malacca), and Java. Soon after Sir Stamford Raffles founded Singapore as a trading port in 1819, Armenian merchants arrived in Singapore.[3] The first census of Singapore in 1824 showed 16 Armenians,[4] and the 1826 census showed that there were 16 male and 3 female Armenians in Singapore.[5]
Although small in number, the Armenians were active in the commercial activity of early Singapore. Armenian trading firms such as Sarkies and Moses (1840-1914), Apcar & Stephens (1826-1845) and Mackertich M. Moses (1820s-1839) were prominent in Singapore's economy. By the 1830s, Armenian merchants began investing in land. In March 1836 the Church of St Gregory the Illuminator was consecrated, making it the second church in Singapore.
There were around a hundred individuals in the early 1920s but the number declined. The 1931 census showed 81 Armenians, although actual numbers were around 95.[3] Many of the Armenians, being British subjects, were interned during World War II. By the 1950s, much of the local Armenian community had emigrated to Australia or become part of the larger communities in Singapore. Nevertheless, during the Feast of the Epiphany, the flags of Singapore and the Republic of Armenia are still raised at the Armenian church.
Notable Armenians
Catchick Moses (Movessian) (1812-1895), was a co-founder of the Straits Times, which was to become the national English newspaper, in 1845. He sold the paper a year later because it was unprofitable.
The Sarkies brothers (Martin and Tigran) founded the Raffles Hotel and several other hotels in Southeast Asia, including Eastern Oriental Hotel in Penang Malaysia and Strand Hotel in Yangon, Myanmar (previously known as Rangon Burma)
Martyrose Arathoon who became a partner in Sarkies Brothers in 1917 managed Raffles Hotel during its halycon days of the 1920s.
Agnes Joaquim (Hovakimian) born in Singapore on 7 April 1854, hybridised the orchid named Vanda Miss Joaquim by Henry Ridley
In 1899 at a flower show, Agnes unveiled the Vanda Miss Joaquim for the first time, and won the $12 first prize for her flower. As she was suffering from cancer at that time, Agnes died 3 months later at the same year, at the age of 44. In 1981, the Vanda Miss Joaquim was designated Singapore's national flower.
Her tombstone stands in the Armenian Church in Singapore and reads: "In loving memory of Agnes, eldest Daughter of the late Parsick Joaquim, Born 7th April 1854 - Died 2nd July 1899,'Let her own works praise her. Nothing in my hand I bring, Simply to Thy Cross I cling'"
Agnes' younger brother Joaquim P. Joaquim (1856-1902)became one of Singapore's most prominent criminal lawyers. He served as president of the Municipal Council, member of the Legislative Council, and Vice-Consul for the USA.
George Seth, born in 1877 was Solicitor-General of the Straits Settlements in the 1920s.
Armenian expatriates in Singapore include Ashot Nadanian, who has coached the Singapore National Chess Team since 2005[6] and Gevorg Sargsyan, conductor of Singapore Camerata Chamber Orchestra and Tanglewood Music School since 2008.[7]
Armenians today
The Armenian community in Singapore remains small. There are around a dozen families in Singapore who are descended from the early immigrant families: Aviet, Carapiet, Galestin, Galistan, Johannes, Moses, Sarkies, and Zechariah.[8] In the 2000s, some Armenians have emigrated from Armenia to Singapore.[1]
See also
References
- 1 2 "175 and Counting: Armenians in Singapore celebrate church anniversary". ArmeniaNow.com. 11 March 2011. Retrieved 5 January 2013.
- ↑ Wright, Nadia (January 6, 2015). "The Armenians of Singapore: An Historical Perspective". The Armenian Weekly.
- 1 2 "Armenian". Singapore Infopedia. National Library Board, Singapore.
- ↑ "First Census of Singapore is Taken". History SG.
- ↑ Wright, Arnold and Cartwright, H.A., eds. (1907). Twentieth century impressions of British Malaya: its history, people, commerce, industries, and resources. p. 37.
- ↑ Intchess Asia Pte Ltd
- ↑ Gevorg Sargsyan - Biography Archived 5 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine.
- ↑ Victor R Savage, Brenda Yeoh (15 June 2013). Singapore Street Names: A Study of Toponymics. Marshall Cavendish Editions. p. 23. ISBN 9789814484749.
Wright, Nadia H. (2003) Respected citizens: The History Of Armenians In Singapore And Malaysia. Melbourne: Amassia Publishing.
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