Ariane 5

Ariane 5

Ariane 5 ES with ATV-4 on board on its way to the launch pad
Function Heavy launch vehicle
Manufacturer Airbus Defence and Space for
ESA, Arianespace and CNES
Country of origin
Cost per launch $165—220M[1]
Size
Height 46–52 m (151–171 ft)
Diameter 5.4 m (18 ft)
Mass 777,000 kg (1,713,000 lb)
Stages 2
Capacity
Payload to LEO (260 km (162 mi) circular, 51.6˚) G: 16,000 kg (35,000 lb)
ES: over 20,000 kg (44,000 lb)[2]
Payload to GTO
  • G: 6,950 kg (15,320 lb)
  • G+: 6,950 kg (15,320 lb)
  • GS: 6,100 kg (13,400 lb)
  • ECA: 10,500 kg (23,100 lb) (effective record 10,865 kg (23,953 lb) on 1 June 2017[3]
Associated rockets
Family Ariane
Comparable
Launch history
Status Active
Launch sites Guiana Space Centre ELA-3
Total launches

94

  • G: 16
  • G+: 3
  • GS: 6
  • ECA: 63
  • ES: 6
Successes

90

  • G: 13
  • G+: 3
  • GS: 6
  • ECA: 62
  • ES: 6
Failures 2 (G: 1, ECA: 1)
Partial failures 2 (G)
First flight
  • G: 4 June 1996
  • G+: 2 March 2004
  • GS: 11 August 2005
  • ECA: 11 December 2002
  • ES: 9 March 2008
Last flight
  • G: 27 September 2003
  • G+: 18 December 2004
  • GS: 18 December 2009
  • ECA: 28 June 2017
  • ES: 17 November 2016
Notable payloads
Boosters (G, G+) – EAP P238
No. boosters 2
Length 31.6 m (104 ft)
Diameter 3.06 m (10.0 ft)
Gross mass 270 tonnes (300 tons)
Engines P238
Thrust 6,650 kN (1,490,000 lbf)
Total thrust 13,300 kN (3,000,000 lbf)
Burn time 130 s
Fuel AP, Al, HTPB
Boosters (GS, ECA, ES) – EAP P241
No. boosters 2
Length 31.6 m (104 ft)
Diameter 3.06 m (10.0 ft)
Empty mass 33 tonnes (36 tons)
Gross mass 273 tonnes (301 tons)
Engines P241
Thrust 7,080 kN (1,590,000 lbf)
Total thrust 14,160 kN (3,180,000 lbf)
Burn time 140 s
Fuel AP, Al, HTPB
Core stage (G, G+, GS) – EPC H158
Length 23.8 m (78 ft)
Diameter 5.4 m (18 ft)
Empty mass 12,200 kg (26,900 lb)
Gross mass 170,500 kg (375,900 lb)
Engines G, G+: Vulcain 1
GS: Vulcain 1B
Thrust 1,015 kN (228,000 lbf) (vacuum)
Specific impulse 440 s (vacuum)
Burn time 605 s
Fuel LH2 / LOX
Core stage (ECA, ES) – EPC H173
Length 23.8 m (78 ft)
Diameter 5.4 m (18 ft)
Empty mass 14,700 kg (32,400 lb)
Gross mass 184,700 kg (407,200 lb)
Engines Vulcain 2
Thrust 960 kN (220,000 lbf) (sea level)
1,390 kN (310,000 lbf) (vacuum)
Specific impulse 310 s (sea level)
432 s (vacuum)
Burn time 540 s
Fuel LH2 / LOX
Second stage (G) – EPS L9.7
Length 3.4 m (11 ft)
Diameter 5.4 m (18 ft)
Empty mass 1,200 kg (2,600 lb)
Gross mass 10,900 kg (24,000 lb)
Engines Aestus
Thrust 27 kN (6,100 lbf)
Burn time 1100 s
Fuel MMH / N2O4
Second stage (G+, GS, ES) – EPS L10
Length 3.4 m (11 ft)
Diameter 5.4 m (18 ft)
Empty mass 1,200 kg (2,600 lb)
Gross mass 11,200 kg (24,700 lb)
Engines Aestus
Thrust 27 kN (6,100 lbf)
Burn time 1170 s
Fuel MMH / N2O4
Second stage (ECA) – ESC-A
Length 4.711 m (15.46 ft)
Diameter 5.4 m (18 ft)
Empty mass 4,540 kg (10,010 lb)
Gross mass 19,440 kg (42,860 lb)
Engines HM7B
Thrust 67 kN (15,000 lbf)
Specific impulse 446 s
Burn time 945 s
Fuel LH2 / LOX

Ariane 5 is a European heavy-lift launch vehicle that is part of the Ariane rocket family, an expendable launch system used to deliver payloads into geostationary transfer orbit (GTO) or low Earth orbit (LEO).

Ariane 5 rockets are manufactured under the authority of the European Space Agency (ESA) and the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales. Airbus Defence and Space is the prime contractor for the vehicles, leading a consortium of other European contractors.

Ariane 5 is operated and marketed by Arianespace as part of the Ariane programme. The rockets are launched by Arianespace from the Guiana Space Centre in French Guiana.

Ariane 5 succeeded Ariane 4, but was not derived from it directly. Ariane 5 has been refined since the first launch in successive versions, "G", "G+", "GS", "ECA", and most recently, "ES". ESA originally designed Ariane 5 to launch the Hermes spaceplane, and thus intended it to be human rated from the beginning.

Two satellites can be mounted using a SYLDA carrier (SYstème de Lancement Double Ariane). Three main satellites are possible depending on size using SPELTRA (Structure Porteuse Externe Lancement TRiple Ariane). Up to eight secondary payloads, usually small experiment packages or minisatellites, can be carried with an ASAP (Ariane Structure for Auxiliary Payloads) platform.

As of July 2015 Arianespace has signed contracts for Ariane 5 ECA launches up till 2023, after planned introduction of Ariane 6 in 2020.[4][5]

On 28 June 2017, Ariane 5 performed its 80th consecutive successful mission since 2003.[6]

Vehicle description

Cryogenic main stage

Vulcain II engine

Ariane 5’s cryogenic H173 main stage (H158 for Ariane 5 G, G+, and GS) is called the EPC (Étage Principal Cryotechnique—Cryotechnic Main Stage). It consists of a large tank 30.5 metres high with two compartments, one for liquid oxygen and one for liquid hydrogen, and a Vulcain 2 engine at the base with a vacuum thrust of 1,390 kilonewtons (310,000 pounds-force). The H173 EPC weighs about 189 tonnes, including 175 tonnes of propellant.[7] After the main cryogenic stage runs out of fuel, it can re-enter the atmosphere for an ocean splashdown.

Solid boosters

Attached to the sides are two P241 (P238 for Ariane 5 G and G+) solid rocket boosters (SRBs or EAPs from the French Étages d’Accélération à Poudre), each weighing about 277 tonnes full and delivering a thrust of about 7,080 kilonewtons (1,590,000 pounds-force). They are fueled by a mix of ammonium perchlorate (68%) and aluminum fuel (18%) and HTPB (14%). They each burn for 130 seconds before being dropped into the ocean. The SRBs are usually allowed to sink to the bottom of the ocean, but like the Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Boosters they can be recovered with parachutes, and this has occasionally been done for post-flight analysis. (Unlike Space Shuttle SRBs Ariane 5 boosters are not reused.) The most recent attempt was for the first Ariane 5 ECA mission. One of the two boosters was successfully recovered and returned to the Guiana Space Center for analysis.[8] Prior to that mission, the last such recovery and testing was done in 2003.

The French M51 SLBM shares a substantial amount of technology with these boosters.

In February 2000 the suspected nose cone of an Ariane 5 booster washed ashore on the South Texas coast, and was recovered by beachcombers before the government could get to it.[9]

Second stage

The second stage is on top of the main stage and below the payload. The Ariane 5 G used the EPS (Étage à Propergols Stockables—Storable Propellant Stage), which is fueled by monomethylhydrazine (MMH) and nitrogen tetroxide. It also has 10 tonnes of storable propellants. The EPS was improved for use on the Ariane 5 G+, GS, and ES. Ariane 5 ECA uses the ESC (Étage Supérieur Cryotechnique—Cryogenic Upper Stage), which is fueled by liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen.

The EPS upper stage is capable of multiple ignitions, first demonstrated during flight V26 which was launched on 5 October 2007. This was purely to test the engine, and occurred after the payloads had been deployed. The first operational use of restart capability as part of a mission came on 9 March 2008, when two burns were made to deploy the first Automated Transfer Vehicle into a circular parking orbit, followed by a third burn after ATV deployment to de-orbit the stage. This procedure was repeated for all subsequent ATV flights.

Fairing

The payload and all upper stages are covered at launch by a fairing, which is jettisoned once sufficient altitude has been reached (typically above 100 km). The Fairing is also used for aerodynamic stability and protection from heating during supersonic flight and acoustic loads.

Variants

Legend for launch system status in below table:   [retired] — [cancelled] — [operational] — [under development]

Variant Description
G The original version is dubbed Ariane 5 G (Generic) and had a launch mass of 737 tonnes. Its payload capability to geostationary transfer orbit (GTO) was 6,900 kg (15,200 lb) for a single satellite or 6,100 kg (13,400 lb) for dual launches. It flew 17 times with one failure and two partial failures.[10]
G+ The Ariane 5 G+ had an improved EPS second stage, with a GTO capacity of 7,100 kg (15,700 lb) for a single payload or 6,300 kg (13,900 lb) for two. It flew three times in 2004, with no failures.[11]
GS At the time of the failure of the first Ariane 5 ECA flight in 2002, all Ariane 5 launchers in production were ECA versions. Some of the ECA cores were modified to use the original Vulcain engine and tank volumes while the failure was investigated; these vehicles were designated Ariane 5 GS. The GS used the improved EAP boosters of the ECA variant and the improved EPS of the G+ variant, but the increased mass of the modified ECA core compared to the G and G+ core resulted in slightly reduced payload capacity.[12] Ariane 5 GS could carry a single payload of 6,600 kg (14,600 lb) or a dual payload of 5,800 kg (12,800 lb) to GTO. The Ariane 5 GS flew 6 times from 2005 to 2009 with no failures.[13]
ECA The Ariane 5 ECA (Evolution Cryotechnique type A), first successfully flown in 2005, uses an improved Vulcain 2 first-stage engine with a longer, more efficient nozzle with a more efficient flow cycle and denser propellant ratio. The new ratio required length modifications to the first-stage tanks. The EPS second stage was replaced by the ESC-A (Etage Supérieur Cryogénique-A), which has a dry weight of 2,100 kg (4,600 lb) and is powered by an HM-7B engine burning 14,000 kg (31,000 lb) of cryogenic propellant. The ESC-A uses the liquid oxygen tank and lower structure from the Ariane 4's H10 third stage, mated to a new liquid hydrogen tank. Additionally, the EAP booster casings were lightened with new welds and carry more propellant. The Ariane 5 ECA has a GTO launch capacity of 9,100 kg (20,100 lb) for dual payloads or 9,600 kg (21,200 lb) for a single payload.[14]
ES The Ariane 5 ES (Evolution Storable) has an estimated LEO launch capacity of 21,000 kg (46,000 lb). It includes all the performance improvements of Ariane 5 ECA core and boosters but replaces the ESC-A second stage with the restartable EPS used on Ariane 5 GS variants. It was used to launch the Automated Transfer Vehicle (ATV) into a 260 km circular low Earth orbit inclined at 51.6° and has been used to launch four Galileo navigation satellites at a time directly into their operational orbit.[2]
ME (cancelled) The Ariane 5 ME (Mid-life Evolution) was under development until end of 2014. The last ESA ministerial council of December 2014 has cut further funding for Ariane 5 ME in favour of developing Ariane 6. Last activities for Ariane 5 ME should be completed for end of 2015. Activities on development of the VINCI upper stage have been transferred on Ariane 6.

Launch pricing and market competition

As of November 2014, the Ariane 5 commercial launch price for launching a "midsize satellite in the lower position" is approximately US$60 million,[15] competing for commercial launches in an increasingly competitive market, mainly due to SpaceX.[16]

The heavier satellite launched in the upper position on a typical dual-satellite Ariane 5 launch is priced higher,[17] on the order of €90 million.[16][18]

Total launch price of an Ariane 5—which can transport up to two satellites to space, one in the "upper" and one in the "lower" positions—is around 150 million Euro as of January 2015.[18]

Future developments

Ariane 5 ME

The Ariane 5 ME (Mid-life Evolution) was in development until 2015 and seen as a stopgap between Ariane 5 ECA/Ariane 5 ES and the new Ariane 6. With first flight planned for 2018, it would have become ESA's principal launcher until the arrival of the new Ariane 6 version.

The Ariane 5 ME uses a new upper stage, with increased propellant volume, powered by the new Vinci engine. Unlike the HM-7B engine, it can restart several times, allowing for complex orbital maneuvers such as insertion of two satellites into different orbits, direct insertion into geosynchronous orbit, planetary exploration missions, and guaranteed upper stage deorbiting or insertion into graveyard orbit.[19][20]

The new launcher also includes a lengthened fairing up to 20m and a new dual launch system to accommodate larger satellites. Compared to an Ariane 5 ECA model, the payload to GTO increases by 15% to 11.5 tonnes and the cost-per-kilogram of each launch is projected to decline by 20%.[19]

Development

Originally known as the Ariane 5 ECB, Ariane 5 ME was to have its first flight in 2006. However, the failure of the first ECA flight in 2002, combined with a deteriorating satellite industry, caused ESA to cancel development in 2003.[21] Development of the Vinci engine continued, though at a lower pace. The ESA Council of Ministers agreed to fund development of the new upper stage in November 2008.[22] In 2009, EADS Astrium was awarded a €200 million contract,[23] and on April 10, 2012 received another €112 million contract to continue development of the Ariane 5 ME[24] with total development effort expected to cost €1 billion.[25]

On 21 November 2012, ESA agreed to continue with the Ariane 5 ME to meet the challenge of lower priced competitors. It was agreed the Vinci upper stage would also be used as the second stage of a new Ariane 6, and further commonality would be sought.[20] Ariane 5 ME qualification flight is scheduled for mid-2018, followed by gradual introduction into service.[19]

On 2 December 2014, ESA decided to stop funding the development of Ariane 5 ME and instead focus on Ariane 6 which should have a lower cost per launch and allow more flexibility in the payloads (using two or four P120C solid boosters depending on total payload mass).[26]

Solid propellant stage

Work on the Ariane 5 EAP motors have been continued in the Vega programme. The Vega 1st stage engine—the P80 engine—is a shorter derivation of the EAP.[27] The P80 booster casing is made of filament wound graphite epoxy, much lighter than the current stainless steel casing. A new composite steerable nozzle has been developed while new thermal insulation material and a narrower throat improve the expansion ratio and subsequently the overall performance. Additionally, the nozzle now has electromechanical actuators which have replaced the heavier hydraulic ones used for thrust vector control.

These developments will probably later make their way back into the Ariane programme.[20][28] The incorporation of the ESC-B with the improvements to the solid motor casing and an uprated Vulcain engine would deliver 27,000 kilograms (60,000 lb) to LEO. This would be developed for any lunar missions but the performance of such a design may not be possible if the higher Max-Q for the launch of this rocket poses a constraint on the mass delivered to orbit.[29]

Ariane 6

The design brief of the next generation rocket Ariane 6 called for a lower-cost and smaller rocket capable of launching a single satellite of up to 6.5 tonnes to GTO.[30] However, after several permutations the finalized design was nearly identical in performance to the Ariane 5, focusing instead on lowering fabrication costs and launch prices.

Development is projected to cost €4 billion. Its first test launch is set for 2021. As of March 2014, Ariane 6 is projected to be launched for about €70 million per flight or about half of the Ariane 5 current price.[30]

Notable launches

Ariane 5's first test flight (Ariane 5 Flight 501) on 4 June 1996 failed, with the rocket self-destructing 37 seconds after launch because of a malfunction in the control software.[31] A data conversion from 64-bit floating point value to 16-bit signed integer value to be stored in a variable representing horizontal bias caused a processor trap (operand error)[32] because the floating point value was too large to be represented by a 16-bit signed integer. The software was originally written for the Ariane 4 where efficiency considerations (the computer running the software had an 80% maximum workload requirement[32]) led to four variables being protected with a handler while three others, including the horizontal bias variable, were left unprotected because it was thought that they were "physically limited or that there was a large margin of error".[32] The software, written in Ada, was included in the Ariane 5 through the reuse of an entire Ariane 4 subsystem despite the fact that the particular software containing the bug, which was just a part of the subsystem, was not required by the Ariane 5 because it has a different preparation sequence[32] than the Ariane 4.

The second test flight (L502, on 30 October 1997) was a partial failure. The Vulcain nozzle caused a roll problem, leading to premature shutdown of the core stage. The upper stage operated successfully, but it could not reach the intended orbit.

A subsequent test flight (L503, on 21 October 1998) proved successful and the first commercial launch (L504) occurred on 10 December 1999 with the launch of the XMM-Newton X-ray observatory satellite.

Another partial failure occurred on 12 July 2001, with the delivery of two satellites into an incorrect orbit, at only half the height of the intended GTO. The ESA Artemis telecommunications satellite was able to reach its intended orbit on 31 January 2003, through the use of its experimental ion propulsion system.

The next launch did not occur until 1 March 2002, when the Envisat environmental satellite successfully reached an orbit 800 km above the Earth in the 11th launch. At 8111 kg, it was the heaviest single payload until the launch of the first ATV on 9 March 2008 (19,360 kg).

The first launch of the ECA variant on 11 December 2002 ended in failure when a main booster problem caused the rocket to veer off-course, forcing its self-destruction three minutes into the flight. Its payload of two communications satellites (Stentor and Hot Bird 7), valued at about EUR 630 million, was lost in the ocean. The fault was determined to have been caused by a leak in coolant pipes allowing the nozzle to overheat. After this failure, Arianespace SA delayed the expected January 2003 launch for the Rosetta mission to 26 February 2004, but this was again delayed to early March 2004 due to a minor fault in the foam that protects the cryogenic tanks on the Ariane 5. As of June 2017, the failure of the first ECA launch was the last failure of an Ariane 5; since then, all subsequent launches have been successful, with 80 consecutive successes that stretch back to 9 April 2003 with the launch of INSAT-3A and Galaxy 12 satellites.[6]

On 27 September 2003 the last Ariane 5 G boosted three satellites (including the first European lunar probe, SMART-1), in Flight 162. On 18 July 2004 an Ariane 5 G+ boosted what was at the time the heaviest telecommunication satellite ever, Anik F2, weighing almost 6,000 kg.

The first successful launch of the Ariane 5 ECA took place on 12 February 2005. The payload consisted of the XTAR-EUR military communications satellite, a 'SLOSHSAT' small scientific satellite and a MaqSat B2 payload simulator. The launch had been originally scheduled for October 2004, but additional testing and the military requiring a launch at that time (of a Helios 2A observation satellite) delayed the attempt.

On 11 August 2005, the first Ariane 5 GS (featuring the Ariane 5 ECA's improved solid motors) boosted Thaïcom-4/iPStar-1, the heaviest telecommunications satellite to date at 6,505 kg,[33] into orbit.

On 16 November 2005, the third Ariane 5 ECA launch (the second successful ECA launch) took place. It carried a dual payload consisting of Spaceway-F2 for DirecTV and Telkom-2 for PT Telekomunikasi of Indonesia. This was the rocket's heaviest dual payload to date, at more than 8,000 kg.

On 27 May 2006, an Ariane 5 ECA rocket set a new commercial payload lifting record of 8.2 tonnes. The dual-payload consisted of the Thaicom 5 and Satmex 6 satellites.[34]

On 4 May 2007 the Ariane 5 ECA set another new commercial record, lifting into transfer orbit the Astra 1L and Galaxy 17 communication satellites with a combined weight of 8.6 tonnes, and a total payload weight of 9.4 tonnes.[35] This record was again broken by another Ariane 5 ECA, launching the Skynet 5B and Star One C1 satellites, on 11 November 2007. The total payload weight for this launch was 9,535 kg.[36]

On 9 March 2008, the first Ariane 5 ES-ATV was launched to deliver the first ATV called Jules Verne to the International Space Station. The ATV was the heaviest payload ever launched by a European rocket, providing supplies to the space station with necessary propellant, water, air and dry cargo. This was the first operational Ariane mission which involved an engine restart in the upper stage. (The ES-ATV Aestus EPS upper stage was restartable while the ECA HM7-B engine was not.)

On 1 July 2009, an Ariane 5 ECA launched TerreStar-1, the largest commercial telecommunication satellite ever built.

On 28 October 2010, an Ariane 5 ECA launched Eutelsat's W3B (part of its W Series of satellites) and Broadcasting Satellite System Corporation (B-SAT)'s BSAT-3b satellites into orbit. However, the W3B satellite failed to operate shortly after the successful launch and was written off as a total loss due to an oxidizer leak in the satellite's main propulsion system.[37] The BSAT-3b satellite, however, is operating normally.[38]

On 22 April 2011, the Ariane 5 ECA flight VA-201 broke a commercial record, lifting Yahsat 1A and Intelsat New Dawn with a total payload weight of 10,064 kg to transfer orbit.[39] This record was later broken again during the launch of Ariane 5 ECA flight VA-208 on 2 August 2012, lifting a total of 10,182 kg into the planned geosynchronous transfer orbit,[40] which was broken again 6 months later on flight VA-212 with 10,317 kg sent towards geosynchronous transfer orbit.[41] In June 2016 the GTO record was raised to 10,730 kg,[42] on the first rocket in history that carried a satellite dedicated to financial institutions.[43] The payload record was pushed a further 5 kg to 10,735 kg (23,667 lb) on 24 August with the launch of Intelsat 33e and Intelsat 36.[44] On 1 June 2017, the payload record was broken again to 10,865 kg (23,953 lb) carrying ViaSat 2 and Eutelsat 172B.[3]

Launch history

Statistics

Ariane 5 rockets have accumulated 94 launches since 1996, 90 of which were successful, yielding a 95.7% success rate. Between April 2003 and June 2017, Ariane 5 has flown 80 consecutive missions without failure.

Ariane 5 – Flights by rocket configuration
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1996
2000
2004
2008
2012
2016

  G     G+     GS     ECA     ES

Ariane 5 – Flights by mission result
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1996
2000
2004
2008
2012
2016

  Success     Failure     Partial failure     Scheduled

Ariane 5 launch statistics as of May 2017 (including all launches since 1996). Source: data from wikitable List of past missions.

List of past missions

Date
& Time (UTC)		 Flight (Vol) Configuration Serial number Payload(s) Result #
1996-06-04 12:34 V-88[45] 5 G 501 Cluster Failure 1
1997-10-30 13:43 V-101 5 G 502 MaqSat-H, TEAMSAT, MaqSat-B, YES Partial failure[46] 2
1998-10-21 16:37 V-112 5 G 503 MaqSat 3, ARD Success 3
1999-12-10 14:32 V-119 5 G 504 XMM-Newton Success 4
2000-03-21 23:28 V-128 5 G 505 INSAT-3B, AsiaStar Success 5
2000-09-14 22:54 V-130 5 G 506 Astra 2B, GE-7 Success 6
2000-11-16 01:07 V-135 5 G 507 PAS-1R, Amsat P3D, STRV 1C, STRV 1D Success 7
2000-12-20 00:26 V-138 5 G 508 Astra 2D, GE-8, LDREX Success 8
2001-03-08 22:51 V-140 5 G 509 Eutelsat 28A, BSAT-2a Success 9
2001-07-12 21:58 V-142 5 G 510 Artemis, BSAT-2b Partial failure[47] 10
2002-03-01 01:08 V-145 5 G 511 Envisat Success 11
2002-07-05 23:22 V-153 5 G 512 Stellat 5, N-Star c Success 12
2002-08-28 22:45 V-155 5 G 513 Atlantic Bird 1, Meteosat 8 Success 13
2002-12-11 22:21 V-157 5 ECA 517 Hot Bird 7, Stentor Failure[48] 14
2003-04-09 22:52 V-160 5 G 514 INSAT-3A, Galaxy 12 Success 15
2003-06-11 22:38 V-161 5 G 515 Optus and Defence C1, BSAT-2c Success 16
2003-09-27 23:14 V-162 5 G 516 INSAT-3E, eBird 1, SMART-1 Success 17
2004-03-02 07:17 V-158 5 G+ 518 Rosetta Success 18
2004-07-18 00:44 V-163 5 G+ 519 Anik F2 Success 19
2004-12-18 16:26 V-165 5 G+ 520 Helios 2A, Essaim 1, 2, 3, 4, PARASOL, Nanosat 01 Success 20
2005-02-12 21:03 V-164 5 ECA 521 XTAR-EUR, Maqsat-B2, Sloshsat Success 21
2005-08-11 08:20 V-166 5 GS 523 Thaicom 4 Success 22
2005-10-13 22:32 V-168 5 GS 524 Syracuse 3A, Galaxy 15 Success 23
2005-11-16 23:46 V-167 5 ECA 522 Spaceway F2, TELKOM-2 Success 24
2005-12-21 22:33 V-169 5 GS 525 INSAT-4A, Meteosat 9 Success 25
2006-03-11 22:33 V-170 5 ECA 527 Spainsat, Hot Bird 7A Success[49] 26
2006-05-27 21:09 V-171 5 ECA 529 Satmex 6, Thaicom 5 Success[50] 27
2006-08-11 22:15 V-172 5 ECA 531 JCSAT-10, Syracuse 3B Success[51] 28
2006-10-13 20:56 V-173 5 ECA 533 DirecTV-9S, Optus D1, LDREX-2 Success[52] 29
2006-12-08 22:08 V-174 5 ECA 534 WildBlue 1, AMC-18 Success[53] 30
2007-03-11 22:03 V-175 5 ECA 535 Skynet 5A, INSAT-4B Success[54] 31
2007-05-04 22:29 V-176 5 ECA 536 Astra 1L, Galaxy 17 Success[55] 32
2007-08-14 23:44 V-177 5 ECA 537 Spaceway-3, BSAT-3A Success[56] 33
2007-10-05 22:02 V-178 5 GS 526 Intelsat 11, Optus D2 Success[57] 34
2007-11-14 22:06 V-179 5 ECA 538 Skynet 5B, Star One C1 Success[58] 35
2007-12-21 21:42 V-180 5 GS 530 RASCOM-QAF 1, Horizons-2 Success[59] 36
2008-03-09 04:03 V-181 5 ES 528 ATV-1 "Jules Verne" Success[60]37
2008-04-18 22:17 V-182 5 ECA 539 Star One C2, Vinasat-1 Success[61] 38
2008-06-12 22:05 V-183 5 ECA 540 Turksat 3A, Skynet 5C Success[62] 39
2008-07-07 21:47 V-184 5 ECA 541 Badr-6, ProtoStar I Success[63] 40
2008-08-14 20:44 V-185 5 ECA 542 AMC-21, Superbird 7 Success[64] 41
2008-12-20 22:35 V-186 5 ECA 543 Eutelsat W2M, Hot Bird 9 Success[65] 42
2009-02-12 22:09 V-187 5 ECA 545 Hot Bird 10, NSS-9, Spirale A, Spirale B Success[66] 43
2009-05-14 13:12 V-188 5 ECA 546 Herschel, Planck Success[67] 44
2009-07-01 17:52 V-189 5 ECA 547 TerreStar-1 Success[68] 45
2009-08-21 22:09 V-190 5 ECA 548 JCSAT-12, Optus D3 Success[69] 46
2009-10-01 21:59 V-191 5 ECA 549 Amazonas 2, COMSATBw-1 Success[70] 47
2009-10-29 20:00 V-192 5 ECA 550 NSS-12, Thor 6 Success[71] 48
2009-12-18 16:26 V-193 5 GS 532 Helios 2B Success[72] 49
2010-05-21 22:01 V-194 5 ECA 551 Astra 3B, COMSATBw-2 Success[73] 50
2010-06-26 21:41 V-195 5 ECA 552 Arabsat-5A, COMS-1 Success[74] 51
2010-08-04 20:59 V-196 5 ECA 554 Nilesat 201, RASCOM-QAF 1R Success[75] 52
2010-10-28 21:51 V-197 5 ECA 555 Eutelsat W3B, BSAT-3b Success[76] 53
2010-11-26 18:39 V-198 5 ECA 556 Intelsat 17, HYLAS 1 Success[77] 54
2010-12-29 21:27 V-199 5 ECA 557 Koreasat 6, HispaSat-1E Success[78] 55
2011-02-16 21:51 V-200 5 ES 544 ATV-2 "Johannes Kepler" Success[79] 56
2011-04-22 21:37 VA-201 5 ECA 558 Yahsat 1A, Intelsat New Dawn Success[39] 57
2011-05-20 20:38 VA-202 5 ECA 559 ST-2, GSAT-8 Success[80] 58
2011-08-06 22:52 VA-203 5 ECA 560 Astra 1N, BSAT 3c Success[81] 59
2011-09-21 21:38 VA-204 5 ECA 561 Arabsat 5C, SES-2 Success[82] 60
2012-03-23 04:34 VA-205 5 ES 553 ATV-3 "Edoardo Amaldi" Success[83] 61
2012-05-15 22:13 VA-206 5 ECA 562 JCSAT-13, Vinasat-2 Success[84] 62
2012-07-05 21:36 VA-207 5 ECA 563 EchoStar XVII, MSG-3 Success[85] 63
2012-08-02 20:54 VA-208 5 ECA 564 INTELSAT 20, HYLAS 2 Success[86] 64
2012-09-28 21:18 VA-209 5 ECA 565 Astra 2F, GSAT-10 Success[87] 65
2012-11-10 21:05 VA-210 5 ECA 566 Eutelsat 21B, Star One C3 Success[88] 66
2012-12-19 21:49 VA-211 5 ECA 567 Skynet 5D, MEXSAT-3 Success[89] 67
2013-02-07 21:36 VA-212 5 ECA 568 Amazonas-3, Azerspace-1/Africasat-1a Success[90] 68
2013-06-05 21:52 VA-213 5 ES 592 ATV-4 "Albert Einstein" Success[91] 69
2013-07-25 19:54 VA-214 5 ECA 569 Alphasat I-XL, INSAT-3D Success[92] 70
2013-08-29 20:30 VA-215 5 ECA 570 Eutelsat 25B / Es'hail 1, GSAT-7 Success[93] 71
2014-02-06 21:30 VA-217 5 ECA 572 ABS-2, Athena-Fidus Success[94] 72
2014-03-22 22:04 VA-216 5 ECA 571 Astra 5B, Amazonas 4A Success[95] 73
2014-07-29 23:47 VA-219 5 ES 593 ATV-5 "Georges Lemaître" Success[96] 74
2014-09-11 22:05 VA-218 5 ECA 573 MEASAT 3b, Optus 10 Success[97] 75
2014-10-16 21:43 VA-220 5 ECA 574 Intelsat 30, ARSAT-1 Success[98] 76
2014-12-06 20:40 VA-221 5 ECA 575 DirecTV-14, GSAT-16 Success[99] 77
2015-04-26 20:00 VA-222 5 ECA 576 Thor 7, SICRAL-2 Success[100] 78
2015-05-27 21:16 VA-223 5 ECA 577 DirecTV-15, Sky Mexico 1 Success[101] 79
2015-07-15 21:42 VA-224 5 ECA 578 Star One C4, MSG-4 Success[102] 80
2015-08-20 20:34 VA-225 5 ECA 579 Eutelsat 8 West B, Intelsat 34 Success[103] 81
2015-09-30 20:30 VA-226 5 ECA 580 Sky Muster, ARSAT-2 Success[104] 82
2015-11-10 21:34 VA-227 5 ECA 581 Arabsat 6B, GSAT-15 Success[105] 83
2016-01-27 23:20 VA-228 5 ECA 583 Intelsat 29e Success[106] 84
2016-03-09 05:20 VA-229 5 ECA 582 Eutelsat 65 West A Success[107] 85
2016-06-18 21:38 VA-230 5 ECA 584 EchoStar 18, BRIsat Success 86
2016-08-24 22:16 VA-232 5 ECA 586 Intelsat 33e, Intelsat 36 Success[44] 87
2016-10-05 20:30 VA-231 5 ECA 585 Sky Muster II, GSAT-18 Success 88
2016-11-17 13:06 VA-233 5 ES 594 Galileo FOC M6 Success 89
2016-12-21 20:30 VA-234 5 ECA 587 Star One D1, JCSAT-15 Success 90
2017-02-14 21:39 VA-235 5 ECA 588 Sky Brasil 1, Telkom-3S Success 91
2017-05-04 21:50 VA-236 5 ECA 589 Koreasat 7, SGDC-1 Success[108] 92
2017-06-01 23:45 VA-237 5 ECA 590 ViaSat-2, Eutelsat 172B Success[3] 93
2017-06-28 21:15 VA-238 5 ECA 591 EuropaSat / HellasSat-3, GSAT-17 Success[6] 94

Scheduled flights

As of January 2017 Ariane 5 had 20 missions on its launch manifest.[109] Up to seven launches are planned for the year 2017: six with dual communications satellites due to geosynchronous orbit, and one with 4 Galileo satellites.[109] A flight in March 2017 was postponed to May due to transportation to the launch site being restricted by a blockade erected by striking workers.[110]

Date Flight Rocket
variant 		Serial
number 		Payload(s) Status References
September 1, 2017[111] VA-239 5 ECA Intelsat 37e
BSAT-4a 		Scheduled [112][113]
October 2017[114] VA-240 5 ECA HYLAS-4
Al Yah 3 		Scheduled [115][116]
December 2017[111] VA-241 5 ES Galileo FOC FM15–18 Scheduled [117]
Q1, 2018[114] VA-242 5 ECA SES-12
EDRS-C / HYLAS-3 		Scheduled [118][119]
April 2018 5 ECA BepiColombo Planned [120]
May 2018[121] 5 ECA GEO-KOMPSAT 2A[lower-alpha 1] Planned [122]
Q3, 2018 5 ES Galileo FOC FM 19–22 Planned [117]
October 2018 5 ECA James Webb Space Telescope Planned [123]
2018[124] 5 ECA Azerspace 2 / Intelsat 38[lower-alpha 1] Planned [125]
2018 5 ECA Eutelsat 7C[lower-alpha 1] Planned [126]
2018[127] 5 ECA GSAT-11[lower-alpha 1] Planned [127]
2018 5 ECA HellasSat 4 / SaudiGeoSat 1[lower-alpha 1] Planned [128]
Late 2018 5 ECA Horizons-3e[lower-alpha 1] Planned [129]
H2, 2018 5 ECA Intelsat 39[lower-alpha 1] Planned [130]
2018 5 ECA Superbird-B3 / DSN-1[lower-alpha 1] Planned [131][132]
2019 5 ECA Eutelsat Quantum[lower-alpha 1] Planned [126]
2019 5 ECA GEO-KOMPSAT 2B[lower-alpha 1] Planned [133]
2019 5 ECA JCSAT-17[lower-alpha 1] Planned [134]
2019 5 ECA MTG-I 1[lower-alpha 1] Planned [135]
2021 5 ECA MTG-S 1[lower-alpha 1] Planned [136]
  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Future Ariane 5 GTO payloads still need to be paired.

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Arianespace aims high in Asia-Pacific". Flightglobal. Retrieved 1 June 2016.
  2. 1 2 "Ariane 5 ES". ESA. Retrieved 27 August 2014.
  3. 1 2 3 "Arianespace marks its 2017 mid-year launch milestone with a record-setting Ariane 5 mission at the service of ViaSat and Eutelsat" (Press release). Arianespace. 1 June 2017. Retrieved 2 June 2017.
  4. ↑ "Arianespace and EUMETSAT announce signature of launch contract for three MTG satellites" (Press release). Evry: Arianespace. 16 July 2015. Retrieved 20 July 2015.
  5. ↑ "Ariane 6". ESA. 15 June 2015. Retrieved 20 July 2015.
  6. 1 2 3 "Arianespace’s Ariane 5 launches two multi-mission satellites for fixed and mobile services" (Press release). Arianespace. 28 June 2017. Retrieved 29 June 2017.
  7. ↑ "Ariane 5 Data Sheet". Space Launch Report. Retrieved 8 November 2014.
  8. ↑ "France in Space #387". Office of Science and Technology Embassy of France in the USA.
  9. ↑ "Government Loses Unidentified Floating Object". foxnews.com. Archived from the original on 24 February 2001.
  10. ↑ "Ariane-5G". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 6 September 2014.
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  15. ↑ Svitak, Amy (2014-03-10). "SpaceX Says Falcon 9 To Compete For EELV This Year". Aviation Week. Retrieved 2015-01-04. Advertised at $56.5 million per launch, Falcon 9 missions to GTO cost almost $15 million less than a ride atop a Chinese Long March 3B and are competitive with the cost to launch a midsize satellite in the lower position on a European Ariane 5 ECA
  16. 1 2 Amos, Jonathan (2013-12-03). "SpaceX launches SES commercial TV satellite for Asia". BBC News. Retrieved 2015-01-04. The commercial market for launching telecoms spacecraft is tightly contested, but has become dominated by just a few companies - notably, Europe's Arianespace, which flies the Ariane 5, and International Launch Services (ILS), which markets Russia's Proton vehicle. SpaceX is promising to substantially undercut the existing players on price, and SES, the world's second-largest telecoms satellite operator, believes the incumbents had better take note of the California company's capability. 'The entry of SpaceX into the commercial market is a game-changer'
  17. ↑ de Selding, Peter B. (2013-11-25). "SpaceX Challenge Has Arianespace Rethinking Pricing Policies". Space News. Retrieved 2013-11-27. The Arianespace commercial launch consortium is telling its customers it is open to reducing the cost of flights for lighter satellites on the Ariane 5 rocket in response to the challenge posed by SpaceX’s Falcon 9 rocket.
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  58. ↑ "Ariane 5—fifth launch of six in 2007". ESA. 2007-11-15.
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  116. ↑ Al Yah 3, Orbital ATK
  117. 1 2 "Arianespace at the 2016 ILA Berlin Air Show" (Press release). Arianespace. 1 June 2016. Retrieved 9 June 2016.
  118. ↑ "SES – Upcoming launches". SES S.A. Retrieved 29 March 2016.
  119. ↑ "Arianespace selected by Airbus Defence and Space to launch EDRS-C satellite". Arianespace. 19 March 2015. Retrieved 4 October 2015.
  120. ↑ "BEPICOLOMBO - Fact Sheet". ESA. 20 April 2016. Retrieved 2016-05-03.
  121. ↑ "Geostationary Korea Multi Purpose Satellite(GEO-KOMPSAT, Cheollian)". Korea Aerospace Research Institute. Retrieved 3 August 2017.
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  123. ↑ "Vital Facts". NASA. Retrieved 2016-04-06. James Webb Space Telescope will be launched in October 2018
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  126. 1 2 "Eutelsat signs new launch contract with Arianespace". Arianespace. 2 June 2017. Retrieved 3 August 2017.
  127. 1 2 Krebs, Gunter. "GSat 11". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 13 June 2017.
  128. ↑ Clark, Stephen (April 29, 2015). "Arabsat contracts go to Lockheed Martin, Arianespace and SpaceX". Spaceflight Now.
  129. ↑ "Arianespace, Intelsat and SKY Perfect JSAT sign a new Launch Services Agreement, for Horizons 3e" (Press release). Arianespace. 20 April 2017. Retrieved 5 May 2017.
  130. ↑ "Arianespace to launch Intelsat 39" (Press release). Arianespace. 4 January 2017. Retrieved 8 January 2017.
  131. ↑ Kubo, Nobuhiro (July 19, 2016). "Tarpaulin delays Japanese military communications satellite by two year". Space News. Retrieved 2016-08-03.
  132. ↑ "業績予想の修正に関するお知らせ" (Press release) (in Japanese). SKY Perfect JSAT Holdings Inc. 17 June 2016.
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  134. ↑ "Arianespace to launch JCSAT-17 for SKY Perfect JSAT" (Press release). Arianespace. 4 January 2017. Retrieved 8 January 2017.
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