Arachis

Arachis

Arachis hypogaea leaves and freshly dug pods
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiosperms
(unranked):	Eudicots
(unranked):	Rosids
Order:	Fabales
Family:	Fabaceae
Subfamily:	Faboideae
Tribe:	Dalbergieae^[1]^[2]
Genus:	Arachis L.
Species
See text.

Arachis is a genus of about 70 species of annual and perennial flowering plants in the pea family (Fabaceae), native to South America, and was recently assigned to the informal monophyletic Pterocarpus clade of the Dalbergieae.^[1]^[2] At least one species, the peanut (Arachis hypogaea), is a major food crop species of global importance; some of the other species are cultivated for food to a small extent in South America. Other species such as A. pintoi are cultivated worldwide as forage and soil conditioner plants, with the leaves providing high-protein feed for grazing livestock and a nitrogen source in agroforestry and permaculture systems.

Arachis species, including the peanut, are used as food plants by some Lepidoptera species, including flame shoulder, nutmeg and turnip moths.

Species

Arachis comprises the following sections and species:^[3]^[4]

Section Arachis

Arachis batizocoi Krapov. & W.C. Greg.
Arachis benensis Krapov. et al.
Arachis cardenasii Krapov. & W.C. Greg.
Arachis correntina (Burkart) Krapov. & W.C. Greg.
Arachis cruziana Krapov. et al.
Arachis decora Krapov. et al.
Arachis diogoi Hoehne
Arachis duranensis Krapov. & W.C. Greg.
Arachis glandulifera Stalker
Arachis gregoryi C. E. Simpson et al.
Arachis helodes Mart. ex Krapov. & Rigoni
Arachis herzogii Krapov. et al.
Arachis hoehnei Krapov. & W.C. Greg.
Arachis hypogaea L.—Peanut
- subsp. fastigiata Waldron
  - var. aequatoriana Krapov. & W. C. Greg
  - var. fastigiata (Waldron) Krapov. & W. C. Greg
  - var. peruviana Krapov. & W. C. Greg
  - var. vulgaris Harz
- subsp. hypogaea L.
  - var. hirsuta J. Kohler
  - var. hypogaea L.
Arachis ipaensis Krapov. & W.C. Greg.
Arachis kempff-mercadoi Krapov. et al.
Arachis krapovickasii C. E. Simpson et al.
Arachis kuhlmannii Krapov. & W.C. Greg.
Arachis linearifolia Valls et al.
Arachis magna Krapov. et al.
Arachis microsperma Krapov. et al.
Arachis monticola Krapov. & Rigoni
Arachis palustris Krapov. et al.
Arachis praecox Krapov. et al.
Arachis schininii Krapov. et al.
Arachis simpsonii Krapov. & W.C. Greg.
Arachis stenosperma Krapov. & W.C. Greg.
Arachis trinitensis Krapov. & W.C. Greg.
Arachis valida Krapov. & W.C. Greg.
Arachis villosa Benth.
Arachis williamsii Krapov. & W.C. Greg.

Section Caulorrhizae

Arachis pintoi Krapov. & W.C. Greg.
Arachis repens Handro

Section Erectoides

Arachis archeri Krapov. & W.C. Greg.
Arachis benthamii Handro
Arachis brevipetiolata Krapov. & W.C. Greg.
Arachis cryptopotamica Krapov. & W.C. Greg.
Arachis douradiana Krapov. & W.C. Greg.
Arachis gracilis Krapov. & W.C. Greg.
Arachis hatschbachii Krapov. & W.C. Greg.
Arachis hermannii Krapov. & W.C. Greg.
Arachis major Krapov. & W.C. Greg.
Arachis martii Handro
Arachis oteroi Krapov. & W.C. Greg.
Arachis paraguariensis Chodat & Hassl.
- subsp. capibarensis Krapov. & W. C. Greg
- subsp. paraguariensis Chodat & Hassl.
Arachis porphyrocalyx Valls & C. E. Simpson
Arachis stenophylla Krapov. & W.C. Greg.

Section Extranervosae

Arachis burchellii Krapov. & W.C. Greg.
Arachis lutescens Krapov. & Rigoni
Arachis macedoi Krapov. & W.C. Greg.
Arachis marginata Gardner
Arachis pietrarellii Krapov. & W.C. Greg.
Arachis prostrata Benth.—Grassnut
Arachis retusa Krapov. et al.
Arachis setinervosa Krapov. & W.C. Greg.
Arachis submarginata Valls et al.
Arachis villosulicarpa Hoehne

Section Heteranthae

Arachis dardani Krapov. & W.C. Greg.
Arachis giacomettii Krapov. et al.
Arachis interrupta Valls & C. E. Simpson
Arachis pusilla Benth.
Arachis seridoensis Valls et al.
Arachis sylvestris (A. Chev.) A. Chev.

Section Procumbentes

Arachis appressipila Krapov. & W. C. Greg.
Arachis chiquitana Krapov. et al.
Arachis kretschmeri Krapov. & W.C. Greg.
Arachis hassleri Krapov. et al.
Arachis lignosa (Chodat & Hassl.) Krapov. & W.C. Greg.
Arachis matiensis Krapov. et al.
Arachis pflugeae C. E. Simpson et al.
Arachis rigonii Krapov. & W.C. Greg.
Arachis subcoriacea Krapov. & W.C. Greg.
Arachis vallsii Krapov. & W.C. Greg.

Section Rhizomatosae

Arachis nitida Valls et al.

Series Prorhizomatosae

Arachis burkartii Handro

Series Rhizomatosae

Arachis glabrata Benth.
- var. glabrata Benth.
- var. hagenbeckii (Harms) F. J. Herm.
Arachis pseudovillosa (Chodat & Hassl.) Krapov. & W.C. Greg.

Arachis glabrata

Section Trierectoides

Arachis guaranitica Chodat & Hassl.
Arachis tuberosa Benth.

Section Triseminatae

Arachis triseminata Krapov. & W.C. Greg.

Hybrids

Arachis ×batizogaea Krapov. & A. Fernández

External links

Plant Genetic Resources Newsletter: Morphological characterization of Arachis species of section Arachis
Gimenes, Marcos A.; Lopes, Catalina R.; Valls, Jose F. M. (2002). "Genetic relationships among Arachis species based on AFLP". Genetics and Molecular Biology. 25 (3): 349. doi:10.1590/S1415-47572002000300017. Retrieved 2008-06-20.

References

1 2 Lavin M, Pennington RT, Klitgaard BB, Sprent JI, de Lima HC, Gasson PE (2001). "The dalbergioid legumes (Fabaceae): delimitation of a pantropical monophyletic clade". Am J Bot. 88 (3): 503–33. PMID 11250829. doi:10.2307/2657116.
1 2 Cardoso D, Pennington RT, de Queiroz LP, Boatwright JS, Van Wyk BE, Wojciechowskie MF, Lavin M (2013). "Reconstructing the deep-branching relationships of the papilionoid legumes". S Afr J Bot. 89: 58–75. doi:10.1016/j.sajb.2013.05.001.
↑ "ILDIS LegumeWeb entry for Arachis". International Legume Database & Information Service. Cardiff School of Computer Science & Informatics. Retrieved 5 February 2014.
↑ USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. "GRIN species records of Arachis". Germplasm Resources Information Network—(GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved 5 February 2014.

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