Arab Mexicans

Arab Mexicans are Mexican citizens of Arab ethnic, cultural and linguistic heritage or identity, who identify themselves as Arab. The vast majority of Mexico's 1,100,000 Arabs are from either Lebanese, Saudi Arabian, Syrian, Iraqi, Moroccan, Yemeni or Palestinian background.^[3]

The inter-ethnic marriage in the Arab community, regardless of religious affiliation, is very high; most community members have only one parent who has Arab ethnicity. As a result of this, the Arab community in Mexico shows marked language shift away from only Arabic. Only a few speak any mainly Arabic, and such knowledge is often limited to a few basic words. Instead the majority, especially those of younger generations, speak Spanish as a first language. Throughout the Arab slave trade Arabic and Spanish have collided in Mexico as a mixture of languages and put into one which is spoken more than the original Arabic. Today, the most common Arabic surnames in Mexico include Slim (Salim), Bichir (Bashir), Hayek, Medina, Ayoub, Nader, Ali, Sabah, Mier, Haddad, Nasser, Mohamed, Jamal, Malik, Machi, Abed, Mansoor, Magana, Esper, Harb, Califa, Elias etc.

Migration history

Kaliman a Mexican comic book character

Arab immigration to Mexico started in the 19th and early 20th centuries.^[4] Roughly 100,000 Arabic-speakers settled in Mexico during this time period. They came mostly from Lebanon, Syria, Palestine, and Iraq and settled in significant numbers in Nayarit, Guanajuato, Puebla, Mexico City and the Northern part of the country (mainly in the states of Baja California, Tamaulipas, Nuevo Leon, Sonora, Sinaloa, Chihuahua, Zacatecas, Coahuila, and Durango), as well as the cities of Tampico and Guadalajara . They also came for slave trade in the 18th century. The term "Arab Mexican" may include ethnic groups that do not in fact identify as Arab.

During the Israel-Lebanon war in 1948 and during the Six-Day War, thousands of Lebanese left Lebanon and went to Mexico. They first arrived in Veracruz. Although Arabs made up less than 5% of the total immigrant population in Mexico during the 1930s, they constituted half of the immigrant economic activity.^[5]

Immigration of Arabs in Mexico has influenced Mexican culture, in particular food, where they have introduced Kibbeh, Tabbouleh and even created recipes such as Tacos Árabes. By 1765, Dates, which originated from the Middle East, were introduced into Mexico by the Spaniards. The fusion between Arab and Mexican food has highly influenced Yucatecan cuisine.^[6]

Another concentration of Arab-Mexicans is in Baja California facing the U.S.-Mexican border, esp. in cities of Mexicali in the Imperial Valley U.S./Mexico, and Tijuana across from San Diego with a large Arab American community (about 280,000), some of whose families have relatives in Mexico. 45% of Arab Mexicans are of Lebanese descent.

The majority of Arab-Mexicans are Christians who belong to the Maronite Church, Roman Catholic, Eastern Orthodox and Eastern Rite Catholic Churches. A scant number are Muslims of Middle Eastern origins.

Clock given in 1910 by the Ottoman Sultan Mehmed V to mark the centenary of the Mexican independence in Mexico City

Moorish Kiosk of Santa María la Ribera built in 1910 by Eng José Ramón Ibarrola at Alameda de Santa Maria la Ribera

La Pila fountain of Moorish style in Chiapa de Corzo, Chiapas

Figures

Notable people

• Carlos Slim, business magnate, investor, and philanthropist. Slim's parents are both Mexicans of Lebanese Maronite Catholic descent.
• Emeraude Toubia, actress and model raised in Brownsville, Texas, half Lebanese via her father and half Mexican via her mother.
• José Antonio Meade Kuribreña, economist, lawyer and diplomat and current Mexican Secretariat of Foreign Affairs of Lebanese and British descent.
• Pedro Joaquín Coldwell, politician affiliated to the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) of Lebanese and English descent.
• Emilio Chuayffet, lawyer and politician, the incumbent Secretary of Public Education of Mexico of Lebanese descent.
• Enrique Dau, former mayor of Guadalajara, grandson of the Lebanese emigrant Wadih Dau^[7]
• José Murat Casab, former Governor of Oaxaca and a member of the Institutional Revolutionary Party of Iraqi descent.
• Alfredo Harp Helú, Mexican businessman of Lebanese origin.
• Salma Hayek, actress; she is half Lebanese via her father.
• Pépé Abed, Lebanese-born Mexican jeweler returned to Lebanon after 40 years.
• Victor Nacif, Vice President of Design Business Aspects for Nissan Design America, of Iraqi descent.
• Mauricio Féres Yázbek (Garcés), actor of Lebanese descent from Tampico, Tamaulipas
• Alfonso Petersen Farah, mayor of Guadalajara. German, Danish and Lebanese descent.
• Carlos Kuri Slim, former entrepreneur of textil branch specialized on narrow fabrics. First Mexican of Lebanese descendent to achieve North American Powerboat Championship US-1 High-Points at 2003 endorsed by APBA .
• Mohammed Yussuf, footballer of Iraqi descent.
• Raùl Machi, Baseball player of Palestinian descent.
• Emilio Hassan, footballer, nephew of Carlos Slim, of Lebanese descent.
• Mohammed Yousif Rahim, footballer, of Iraqi descent.
• Lizeth Farah de Gebara, Mexican of Lebanese origin, mother of Paulette Gebara who missing child found dead at home in 2010.
• Mauricio Gebara, Mexican of Lebanese origin, father of Paulette Gebara who missing child found dead at home in 2010.
• Roberto Assad, Mexican actor and model to paternal of Arab descent.
• Abdul Sahib Machi, writer of Palestinian descent
• Paul Ham, bassist for Anabantha, of Lebanese descent.
• Ricardo Dájer Nahum, Mexican politician of Lebanese origin.
• Jeff Becerra, Heavy metal musician of Lebanese descent.
• Capulina, actor of Lebanese descent.
• Jaime Camil, Actor, singer of Egyptian and Brazilian descent.
• Isaac Saba Raffoul, businessman of Syrian-Lebanese descent.
• Mizada Mohamed, Astrologer of Palestinian descent.
• Abraham Zaied Dabdoub, politician and businessman of Palestinian descent
• Astrid Hadad, Mexican actress of Lebanese descent.
• Miguel Sabah, a Mexican international footballer of mixed Palestinian/Mexican/Lebanese descent
• Liliana Abud, an actress in telenovelas and Mexican cinema.
• Farah Abud, an actress in telenovelas and Mexican cinema.
• José Sulaimán, President of the World Boxing Council, Lebanese descent.
• Antonio Mohamed, Argentine-born Mexican soccer player of Lebanese descent.
• Samer Haj Omar Wade, football player currently playing for Tiburones Rojos de Veracruz. He is of Lebanese background.
• Kamel Nacif Borge, Mexican businessman of Lebanese descent.
• Jesús Murillo Karam, Mexican politician of Lebanese descent.
• Susana Harp, Mexican singer of traditional music of Lebanese and Mexican descent.
• Omar Fayad, Mexican politician of Lebanese descent.
• Rosemary Barkett, U.S. Federal Judge to Syrian parent.
• Jorge Kahwagi, Mexican boxer, lawyer, businessman, and politician of Lebanese descent.
• Carlos Jiménez Mabarak, Musician of Lebanese descent.
• Maruan Soto Antaki, Mexican film director of Syrian descent.
• Ikram Antaki, Mexican writer, Mother of Maruan Soto Antaki, of Syrian origin.
• Arturo Elías Ayub, Mexican businessman of Lebanese descent.
• Alfredo Elias Ayub, Director General of Federal Electricity Commission, Arturo Elías Ayub is his youngest brother, of Lebanese descent.
• Bibelot Mansur, actress born to a Mexican mother and a father of Lebanese descent.
• Armando Ahued, Mexican, Former Responsible of Health Federal Institution at the Federal District of Mexico City of Lebanese descent.
• Manuel Abdul Saleh, Mexican businessman of Syrian Lebanese descent.
• Miguel Layún, a Mexican international footballer of Lebanese and Spanish descent.
• Jerónimo Amione, a Mexican footballer of Lebanese and Mexican descent.
• Jaime Sabines, a Mexican poet of Lebanese descent.
• Alejandro Bichir, a Mexican actor of Lebanese and Mexican descent.
• Bruno Bichir, a Mexican actor of Lebanese and Mexican descent.
• Demián Bichir, a Mexican actor of Lebanese and Mexican descent.
• Odiseo Bichir, a Mexican actor of Lebanese and Mexican descent.
• Jorge Estefan Chidiac, Mexican politician of Lebanese descent
• María de Lourdes Dieck-Assad, Mexican economist of Belgian and Levantine descent.

See also

• Arab diaspora
• Immigration to Mexico
• Arab Argentines
• Arab Brazilians
• Arab Colombians
• Lebanese diaspora
• Syrian diaspora
• Palestinian diaspora

External links

• Arab Mexican Chamber of Industry and Commerce
• Los árabes de México. Asimilación y Herencia Cultural

References

Arab diaspora
Africa	Ghana Ivory Coast
Middle East	Iran Khorasan Turkey
Asia	Afghanistan India Indonesia Malaysia Pakistan Philippines Singapore Sri Lanka
Europe	Austria Belgium Bulgaria Caucasus Denmark France Beur Paris Germany Berlin Greece Italy Republic of Macedonia Netherlands Romania Serbia Spain Sweden Switzerland United Kingdom
Americas	Argentina Brazil Canada Chile Colombia Haiti Mexico United States Detroit Uruguay Venezuela
Oceania	Australia New Zealand

Ancestry and ethnicity in Mexico
Mexicans
Non-Amerindian	Mexico Mestizo From Sub-Saharan Africa Kenyan From the Americas American Mascogos Mormon Argentine Brazilian Canadian Chilean Colombian Cuban Guatemalan Haitian Salvadoran Uruguayan Venezuelan From South and East Asia Chinese Filipino Indian Japanese Mexico City Korean Romani1 From Europe British (Cornish) Czech French German Mennonite2 Greek Irish Italian Polish Portuguese Russian Scandinavian Spanish (Basque) From Western Asia and North Africa Arab (Lebanese) Armenian Jewish1 Turkish
Amerindian	More than 100,000 people Nahua Yucatec Maya Zapotec Mixtec Otomi Totonac Tzotzil Tzeltal Mazahua Mazatec Huastec Ch'ol Chinantec Purépecha Mixe Tlapanec Tarahumara 20,000–100,000 people Mayo Zoque Chontal Maya Popoluca Chatino Amuzgo Tojolabal Huichol Tepehuán Triqui Cora Mam Yaqui Cuicatec Huave 1,000–20,000 people Tepehua Kanjobal Pame Chichimeca Jonaz Guarijio Chuj Chocho Tacuate Mexicanero Ocuiltec Pima Bajo Jacaltec Fewer than 1,000 people Kekchí Lacandon Ixcatec Seri K'iche' Motozintlec Kaqchikel Paipai Tohono O'odham Cocopah Kumiai Kikapú3 Cochimí Ixil Kiliwa Aguacatec Opata
Portal 1 Jews and Romani originate in the Middle East and South Asia respectively, with most arriving to Mexico via Europe · 2 Primarily arrived via Canada · 3 Originated in what is now the United States