Appelscha

Appelscha
Village
Flag
Country	Netherlands
Province	Friesland
Population
• Total	c. 5,000

Appelscha (West Frisian: Appelskea, Stellingwarfs: Appelsche) is a village in the municipality of Ooststellingwerf in the province of Friesland, the Netherlands. It has just under 5000 inhabitants.

History and background

Appelscha is a village of about 490 hectares in size of which 8 hectares consists of water, it was first named in written documents in 1247 as Appels which is the translation of apples. The last part of the name Appelscha has its origin due to the woods around the village. ‘Sche’ or ‘scha’ means woods and was therefore added to the name of the village. It consisted from a few farms surrounding the Boerestreek (what was called high-Appelscha) for centuries, the hamlets Aakinga, Terwisscha and De Built close by. Appelscha remained a small village, tucked away between sand dunes and wet peat. In 2007, Oude Willem, a small natural area in between Appelscha and Zorgvlied was even chosen as most beautiful place in the Netherlands by readers of HP/De Tijd which is a popular magazine in the Netherlands (Nieuwe Ooststellingwerver, 2007).

Sand and Peat

Around 1450 dikes were constructed to ensure the acid leakwater from the peat returned to the fields. The old Appelscha suffered much of drifting sand from the dunes. In 1881 people therefore started with the construction of the forest. After 1827 the village extends with the advent of thousands Frisian workers for peat extraction, and the modern village was created. The Social conditions were however, very poor. By the time peat yielded much less than coal, a huge strike broke out (1888). Because of this large immigration of Frisian workers in the nineteenth century, Appelscha became a Frisian-speaking village, in a municipality where otherwise Stellingwarfs was spoken, a dialect of Dutch.

Sanatorium Beatrixoord

In 1922, the Friesch Volkssanatorium from Joure transferred to Appelscha. Many thousands of patients spent years in the huge forest to try to cure their tuberculosis. Today only the X-ray department of the Sanatorium is left. This is the only tuberculosis museum in the world.

Surroundings and Tourism

Appelscha is located at the edge of the 61-square-kilometre Nationaal Park Drents-Friese Wold, which is one of the biggest nature reserves in the Netherlands, located on the boundary of the provinces Friesland and Drenthe. The forest and the sand dunes around the village attract many tourists to Appelscha, and have become famous in the Netherlands for their natural beauty. There are restaurants and regular weekend markets during the summer in the Boerestreek, which used to be the tourist center of the village. Many other attractions at the Boerestreek also attracted tourists in the past, including an amusement park ‘Duinenzathe’ and a miniature park. The amusement park moved to the edge of the village in 1997 after the municipality planned to redevelop the Boerestreek. The miniature park closed in October 2002 after decreasing numbers of visitors following the redevelopment (RTV Drenthe, 2002).

Due to its history as a peat producing village, Appelscha is located along the Opsterlandse Compagnonsvaart, the canal that flows through the village and connects it to surrounding villages. Nowadays this canal is a popular tourist route for boaters, attracting a large number of visitors to Appelscha every year. In 2012, 11 per cent of short domestic holidays, and 13 per cent of long domestic holidays by the Dutch people were spend in the area on the Groningse, Friese, and Drentse sand dunes, of which Appelscha is part (CBS, tourism and recreation in 2012). As well as boating, Appelscha has a couple of campgrounds, of which RCN De Roggeberg is the largest. Customers of this campground in the summer month have free use of the ‘Bosbad Appelscha’, a large open-air swimming pool next to the campground, surrounded by the woods.

Since 2007 the village has had a nine-hole golf course with 1,944 metres of fairways at the Golf Resort De Hildenberg (Appelscha.nl, Quality Golf Resort De Hildenberg). The resort also has 129 villas for rent, which are near the Bosbad Appelscha (Hogenboom vakantieparken, Buitenplaats De Hildenberg).

For more adventurous visitors, Appelscha has a new adventure park called ‘Klimbos Appelscha’. At this park in a forest near the Boerestreek, there are climbing trails from tree to tree at heights from four to 14 meters (13 to 45 feet). Starting from the central platform adventurers are able to choose from trails requiring different skill levels (Staatsbosbeheer.nl, Klimbos Appelscha).

Future

Although the present facilities available for tourists seem quite sufficient for such a small village, Appelscha faces a decrease in tourist numbers over de last decade. The touristic centrum, the Boerestreek, after the movement of Duinenzathe and the shutdown of the miniature park, experiences tough times. Though, in the near future the community is planning to improve this harsh situation. This year, a new plan for the reorganisation of the Boerestreek is developed which should encourage tourists to spend their holiday time here again. The new plan’s main idea creates a more natural environment where terraces are more connected to the nature of the forest, making it more attractive for tourists to enjoy a drink or meal at one of the terraces present. Furthermore, Klimbos Appelscha is incorporated into the plan by providing them the opportunity to expand their climbing trails. On the Boerestreek will be a climbing tower in order to create a link between several climbing routes. In doing so, tourists on the terraces and the Boerestreek in general, somehow, will be entertained by the people who are defying the trees (Beune, F. 2013).

WWII

In the last days of World War Two, the area was the site of a sharp battle between German forces and the Free French, combined with the Canadian forces.

Community

Appelscha’s inhabitants consists about half man half women. The largest group representing 32% of the population is in the age of 45–64. The smallest age group is in the age of 15–24 years which makes its population age quite old on average. 47% of its inhabitants are married while only 7% is divorced. Another 7% is widowed (CBS, 2012. Cijfers en statistieken over de buurt Appelscha in Ooststellingwerf).

Population • 1954 - 3.331 • 1959 - 3.367 • 1964 - 3.113 • 1969 - 3.333 • 1974 - 3.547 • 2009 - 5.123 Municipality Ooststellingwerf. • 2012 – 5535 (CBS, 2012)

References

→Appelscha.nl. Quality Golf Resort De Hildenberg. Retrieved from: http://www.appelscha.nl/actief/golf/golfbaan-de-hildenberg. Last access: 29.10.2013.

→Beune, F. 2013. Herinrichting Boerestreek Appelscha.

→CBS, 2012. Cijfers en statistieken over de buurt Appelscha in Ooststellingwerf. Retrieved from: http://www.oozo.nl/cijfers/ooststellingwerf/appelscha/appelscha. Last access: 29.10.2013.

→CBS, 2012. Hoeveel inwoners heeft Appelscha? Retrieved from: http://www.stadindex.nl/appelscha. Last access: 29.10.2013.

→CBS, 2012. Tourisme en recreatie in 2012. Retrieved from: http://www.cbs.nl/NR/rdonlyres/80401339-69BD-41B0-9ECF-D5DAFDEE9385/0/2012g82pub.pdf. Last access: 29.10.2013.

→Hogenboom vakantieparken. Buitenplaats De Hildenberg. Retrieved from: http://www.vakantiegevoel.nl/vakantieparken/nederland/drenthe/buitenplaats-de-hildenberg/. Last access: 29.10.2013

→Municipality Ooststellingwerf - Gemeentegids 2009–2010.

→National Park Drents Frisian Forest. Retrieved from: http://www.nationaalpark-drents-friese-wold.nl/ national Park Drents Frisian Forest. Last access: 29.10.2013.

→Nieuwe Ooststellingwerver, 2007. Appelscha nu echt het mooiste stukje van Nederland. Retrieved from: http://www.nieuweooststellingwerver.nl/nieuws/dorpen/245266/appelscha-nu-echt-het-mooiste-stukje-nederland.html. Last access: 19.10.2013.

→RTV Drenthe, 2002. Miniatuurpark Appelscha. Retrieved from: http://radio-tv-nederland.nl/historie/smilde/appelscha/smilde-miniatuur.html. Last access: 19.10.2013.

→Staatsbosbeheer.nl. Klimbos Appelscha. Retrieved from: http://www.staatsbosbeheer.nl/Activiteiten/Drents%20Friese%20Wold/Klimbos%20Appelscha.aspx. Last access: 29.10.2013.

→Website Association for history Appelscha. Retrieved from: http://www.hvappelscha.nl/ Website Association for history Appelscha. Last access: 29.10.2013.